Analysing Sound WavesAnalysing Sound Waves

Group members: Azim(Leader) Zhafran Badrul Salam Azfar Daniel

Sound WavesSound Waves Sound waves are longitudinal waves which require a

medium for its propagation. Produced by vibration Sounds produced by a vibrating object:

When a tuning fork vibrates, layers of air vibrate and the sound energy is propagated through the air around it in the form of waves.

Particle of air are compressed when the prong of the tuning fork moves forward and rarefaction of the air occurs when the prong moves backwards.

A series of rarefactions and compressions is produced in the air as the prongs of the tuning fork vibrate backwards and forwards.

Sound Waves is a Sound Waves is a Longitudinal WavesLongitudinal WavesThe air particles vibrate backward and

forward in the direction parallel to the direction of propagation of the sound wave.

Wavelength of sound, λ= the distance between two successive regions of compression or two successive regions of rarefaction.

Loudness and Amplitude of Loudness and Amplitude of SoundSoundLoudness is influenced by the

amplitude of the sound wave.If the amplitude increases, the

loudness increase.

Pitch and Frequency of Pitch and Frequency of soundsoundThe pitch of a sound is an

indication of how high or low the sound is.

Pitch of sound is determined by its frequency. ( a high pitch corresponds to a high frequency.)

Application Of Sound Application Of Sound WavesWavesCleaning with Ultrasonic Waves

◦ A goldsmith uses high frequency sound waves to dislodge dirt particles adhering to jewellery and precious stones.

◦ Dentist use ultrasonic waves to remove plaque from teeth

Ultrsonic Cleaning Tool used by dentist

Locating an Object under Water◦ Sonar(Sound Navigation and Ranging) is a

system used to detect underwater objects or to determine the depth of the water by means of an echo.

◦ Sonar equipment emits a high frequency sound signal which is reflected by the object in the water. The reflected sound wave is received by the sonar equipment. The time taken for the echo to return is used to determine the distance of the object below the water surface.

A bat can navigate in darkness◦ When ultrasonic waves emitted by the bat

hit an object, they are reflected back and received by the bat.

◦ The time between the emission of the sound waves and reception of the reflected waves enables the bat to estimate the position of the object accurately.

◦ This enables the bat to adjust its direction to avoid knocking at the object.

Calculating Distance sing the Calculating Distance sing the Reflection of Sound Waves.Reflection of Sound Waves.The phenomenon of the reflection of

sound waves is used to determine the distance between two objects using the formula d=tv/2 where d is the distance to be determined, t is the time interval between the instant the sound is emitted to the instant the reflected sound returns to the ranging device.

A mountain climber uses this principle to estimate the width of the valley.