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In discussing the methods for providing summary
descriptions of data, it helps to distinguish
between the two basic types:
1. Qualitative or categorical data
2. Quantitative or numerical or
measurement data
2
(1) Discrete variable : the scale is made up of
distinct numbers with gaps in between
data count (number of bacteria, number of
ion, number of star, etc).
(2) Continuous variable : the measurement
scale does not have gaps, such variables are
called continuous height, weight, time.
3
Distribution frequency table
Histogram
Dot diagram
Stem-and-Leaf (diagram dahan-daun)
Lihat Johnson , hlm. 29-36
14
The graphic procedures help us to visualize the
pattern of a data set of measurements.
To obtain a more objective summary description
and a comparison of data sets, we must go one
step further and obtain numerical values for the
location or center of the data and the amount of
variability present.
23
Ragam (Variance)
Simpangan Baku (Standard Deviation)
Jangkauan (Range)
Jangkauan antar kuartil (Interquartile range)
33
Johnson, R.A. and Bhattacharyya, G.K. 2010.
Statistics, Principles and Methods 6th. John Wiley
& Sons, Inc., New York.
Montgomery, D.C. 2013. Design and Analysis of
Experiments 8th. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
Canada.
51