Incremental housing in Peru.What happened with the barriadas?

Ana Maria Fernandez Maldonado

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DelftUniversity ofTechnology

Challenge the future

DelftUniversity ofTechnology

Introduction

The Peruvian housing context

The reinvention of housing policies

Subsidized social housing

What happened with the Peruvian barriadas?

Barriadas 1960

(Caminos & Turner, 1969)

Relative construction costs

(Source: Mangin and Turner, 1968).

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Barriadas in Lima

Central role of the population in its origin and development

Dwelling: individual affairNeighbourhood: collective affair

• People organize to occupy the land, to get to land titles, and access to electricity and water and sewage.

• The informal sector takes care of public transportation and commerce.

• The public sector takes care of schools and basic road infrastructure.

(Burga, 2003)

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A social housing policy!

1980s: deep political and economic troubles

1990-2000: ‘the market as solution’ policies: abandonment of the housing sector

2002: subsidised social housing programmes

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Sector responsible for the implementation of projects

Phase Public sector Private sectorLand property            

Elaboration of the project

           

Finance of the construction

           

Construction            Operational risks            Commercialisation            

Provision of loans to buyers

           

Financial risk            Provision of subsidy            

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Social housing programmes

Socio-economic sector

A

High income

B

Middle

income

C

Middle-low

income

D

Low income

E

Very low

income

Commercial mortgage

           

Mivivienda Credit            

Techo Propio          

Neighbourhood upgrading

         

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Peruvian housing deficit

Quantitative deficit

Qualitative deficit

Total

1993 Census

397,756 624,427 1,022,183

2007 Census

389,745 1,470,947 1,860,692

Types of housing projects

Number of Mivivienda Credits granted in 2001-2011

(Ministerio de Vivienda, 2012).

Number of Techo Propio subsidies granted in 2003-2011

(Ministerio de Vivienda, 2012).

Loans and funds in social housing programmes, 2006-2011

(Ministerio de Vivienda, 2012).

Dwelling in own propertyTecho Propio New homes

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Findings

New homes and loans increased but still largely insufficient;

favouritism toward middle-class; the preference for Lima; very little orientation toward

incremental housing.

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Conclusion

‘Well-intentioned’ but inefficient social housing policies

Irrelevant role of incremental housing

Land use intensification but:

Top-down central government issue

No coordination with local policies and plans