AN2263 - ETSI and FCC Compliance Measurements of ...ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/AppNotes/00002263A.pdf(dBm) FCC Limit (dBm) Margin (dB) 366.12 PLL spurs-75.1 -34.4 40.7 379.68 -72.2

AN2263ETSI and FCC Compliance Measurements of MICRF114

Wireless Remote Key Fob

INTRODUCTIONThis application note summarizes the EuropeanTelecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) andthe Federal Communications Commission (FCC)compliance measurement results of the MICRF114wireless remote key fob, DM182017-5.

ETSI EN 300 220 contains the regulations applicable toShort Range Devices (SRD) operating between25 MHz and 1 GHz with maximum 500 mW powerlevel. Part 15 of the FCC regulations contains the rulesfor all radio frequency radiators operating without anindividual license.

ETSI EN 300 220Under ETSI regulations, the MICRF114 can be used inthe frequency band 433.05 MHz to 434.79 MHz. Thisband is allocated for non-specific use, which means itis available for any type of application. Using astandard 13.56 MHz reference crystal, the carrierfrequency of the MICRF114 is in the middle of the bandat 433.92 MHz.

ETSI EN 300 220 distinguishes between wideband andnarrowband systems. A transmitter is consideredwideband if it operates in a continuous frequency bandoccupying more than 25 kHz bandwidth, and it is notsubdivided into separate channels. The MICRF114 is awideband transmitter according to the ETSIspecification. The following sections summarize therelevant tests (ETSI clauses) for widebandtransmitters.

Frequency Error (Clause 7.1)The frequency difference between normal and extremetest condition operations is measured in the un-modulated carrier mode (CW mode) of the radio. Referto clauses 5.4.1 and 5.4.2 for normal and extreme testconditions, respectively. For wideband systems, thelimit is +/- 100 ppm. As the MICRF114 is a PLLsynthesizer based transmitter, the frequency errordepends primarily on the tolerances of the referencecrystal. For more information on the used crystal, referto the “MICRF114 Low-Power Integrated Sub-GHzWireless RF Transmitter Data Sheet” (DS50002416).

Effective Radiated Power (Clause 7.3)This measurement applies to equipments with integralantenna. The Effective Radiated Power (ERP) is thepower radiated in the direction of the maximum fieldstrength. The measurements must be performed at thehighest power level at which the transmitter is intendedto operate and, if possible, without modulation. ERP ismeasured in an anechoic chamber as shown inFigure 1. Clause 7.3.2 describes the test procedure indetails.

FIGURE 1: ERP MEASURED IN ANECHOIC CHAMBER

Authors: Tibor Keller Janos Erdelyi Microchip Technology Inc.

2016 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00002263A-page 1

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For this test, the MICRF114 operates in CW mode with+13 dBm nominal output power setting. Table 1 showsthe measured ERP level, together with the level ofspurious and harmonic emissions. The applicable ETSIlimit is 1 mW (0 dBm) which allows 100% duty cycleoperation.

TABLE 1: MEASURED ERP LEVEL AT 433.92 MHZFrequency

(MHz) SignalKey Fob ERP

(dBm)ETSI Limit

(dBm)Margin

(dB)

366.12

PLL spur

-76.2 -36.0 40.2379.68 -73.3 -36.0 37.3393.24 -73.2 -36.0 37.2406.80 -65.0 -36.0 29.0420.36 -58.4 -36.0 22.4433.92 Fundamental -16.5 0.0 16.5447.48

PLL spur

-58.6 -36.0 22.6461.04 -64.8 -36.0 28.8474.60 -72.0 -54.0 18.0488.16 -71.1 -54.0 17.1501.72 -71.4 -54.0 17.4867.84

Harmonic

-57.3 -36.0 21.31301.76 -56.9 -30.0 26.91735.68 -53.4 -30.0 23.42169.60 -51.5 -30.0 21.52603.52 -49.4 -30.0 19.43037.44 -46.3 -30.0 16.33471.36 -47.3 -30.0 17.33905.28 -48.8 -30.0 18.8

DS00002263A-page 2 2016 Microchip Technology Inc.

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Unwanted Emissions in the Spurious Domain (Clause 7.8)Unwanted emissions are emissions at frequenciesother than the wanted carrier frequency and itssidebands associated with normal test modulation.Transmitters operating below 470 MHz are tested in thefrequency band 25 MHz to 4 GHz. The table in clause7.8.3 of ETSI EN 300 220 specification shows theapplicable emission limits.

For harmonics where the antenna characteristics haveinfluence on the results, the measurement method andthe MICRF114 settings are the same with the ERPmeasurement. The relative level of spurs close to thecarrier is determined by conducted measurement asshown in Figure 2, where the absolute radiated level iscalculated using the carrier ERP results. The unwantedemission results are summarized in Table 1.

FIGURE 2: SPURIOUS LEVELS AT 433.92 MHZ


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Modulation Bandwidth (Clause 7.7)The range of modulation bandwidth includes all theassociated side bands above the appropriate emissionlevel and the frequency error or drift under extreme testconditions. For this test, the MICRF114 is operated with+13 dBm nominal power setting and is modulated by a

standard PN9 pseudo-random sequence. Figure 3shows the measured spectrum at the highest specifieddata rate (115 kbps), along with the mask specified inclause 7.7.1. The MICRF114 key fob satisfies theregulatory requirements, which means that all availabledata rates are valid to use.

FIGURE 3: SPECTRUM AT 115 KBPS MODULATION


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For comparison, Figure 4 shows the measuredspectrum at a very low (0.6 kbps) data rate.

FIGURE 4: SPECTRUM AT 0.6 KBPS MODULATION

Transient Power (Clause 7.5)Transient power is the power falling into adjacentspectrum due to switching the transmitter ON and OFFduring normal operation (for example, cyclic keyingduring data transmission).

The standard requires the use of a quasi-peak detectorfor this measurement, as defined in CISPR 16-1-1. Thespecified detector defines 1 ms charging and 550 msdischarging time for the given frequency band. For anOn-Off Keying (OOK) signal within the data rate rangeof the MICRF114 and an equal number of ‘0’s and ‘1’s,the quasi-peak detector gives 6 dB lower reading thana peak detector.

In case of wideband equipment, the power level mustbe integrated over a 120 kHz band, with the centeroffset 100 kHz from the modulation bandwidth edge. If the power level is below the spurious emission limit,there are no other criteria to fulfill.

Modulating the MICRF114 with low data rate is a goodemulation of switching the transmitter ON and OFFsince the modulation turns the output stage ON andOFF. Moreover, the output stage is not enabled until thecarrier signal generated by the PLL synthesizer is

stable. Figure 4 shows the modulated spectrum at 0.6kbps data rate using a peak detector. Even with thisdetector, the emission level is far below the ETSI limit.

Frequency Stability under Low Voltage Conditions (Clause 7.9)The frequency stability under low-voltage condition isthe ability of the equipment to remain within theassigned operating frequency band when the batteryvoltage falls below the lower extreme voltage level.

This measurement is part of the chip characterizationprocess, thus not covered by this application note.

Duty Cycle (Clause 7.10)The ERP level of the MICRF114 key fob allows 100%duty cycle operation; however, a time-out shut-offfacility must be included. Implementing the time-outshut-off facility and choosing the data rate and packetstructure is the responsibility of the customer. Thesame applies for higher ERP levels (up to +10 dBm)where the duty cycle limit is 10%.


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FCC PART 15The MICRF114 key fob falls under section 15.231(a)which deals with control applications operating in theband 40.66 MHz to 40.70 MHz and above 70 MHz. Asopposed to applications operating at a periodic rate,control applications have more restrictions ontransmission duty cycle, but have a higher radiatedpower limit. The most popular frequencies within thefrequency range of the MICRF114 are 315 MHz and433.92 MHz, giving the scope of the measurements.

Radiated Emission Limit (Sections 15.33, 15.205, 15.209 and 15.231(b))FCC specifies the maximum electrical field strength asradiated emission limit, but it is converted in thisdocument to Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP)for convenience.

Section 15.33 defines the required frequency range ofthe radiated measurements. Section 15.205 lists therestricted frequency bands. Section 15.209 specifies

the radiated emission limits for these bands. Section15.231(b) specifies the limits applicable for operationunder 15.231(a). The key fob design is FCC complianton 315 MHz with +8 dBm nominal power setting and on433.92 MHz with +10 dBm nominal power setting. Themeasurement results are summarized in Table 2 andTable 3, respectively.

The spurious levels are calculated back fromconducted measurements. See Figure 5 and Figure 2for the 315 MHz and 433.92 MHz results, respectively.

FIGURE 5: SPURIOUS LEVELS AT 315 MHZ

Note: The emission limits in Table 2 and Table 3are average values. For pulsed operation,the power gives an average of over a 0.1sinterval even if the transmission length isless than 0.1s as defined in section15.35(c). In this case, according to section15.35(b), the peak power limit is 20 dBabove the average power limit.


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TABLE 2: MEASURED EIRP LEVEL AT 315 MHZFrequency

(MHz) SignalKey Fob EIRP

(dBm)FCC Limit

(dBm)Margin

(dB)

265.78

PLL spurs

-86.0 -49.2 36.8275.63 -79.9 -49.2 30.7285.47 -82.6 -39.6 43.0295.31 -73.7 -39.6 34.1305.16 -65.7 -39.6 26.1315.00 Fundamental -20.4 -19.6 0.8324.84

PLL spurs

-66.8 -49.2 17.6334.69 -75.3 -49.2 26.1344.53 -84.9 -39.6 45.3354.38 -81.9 -39.6 42.3364.22 -88.2 -39.6 48.6630.00

Harmonics

-53.5 -39.6 13.9945.00 -68.2 -39.6 28.6126.00 -66.2 -39.6 26.61575.00 -67.7 -41.2 26.51890.00 -68.0 -39.6 28.42205.00 -61.8 -41.2 20.62520.00 -60.5 -39.6 20.92835.00 -61.6 -41.2 20.43150.00 -60.0 -39.6 20.4

TABLE 3: MEASURED EIRP LEVEL AT 433.92 MHZFrequency

(MHz) SignalKey Fob EIRP

(dBm)FCC Limit

(dBm)Margin

(dB)

366.12

PLL spurs

-75.1 -34.4 40.7379.68 -72.2 -34.4 37.8393.24 -72.1 -34.4 37.7406.80 -63.9 -49.2 14.7420.36 -57.3 -34.4 22.9433.92 Fundamental -15.4 -14.4 1.0447.48

PLL spurs

-57.5 -34.4 23.1461.04 -63.7 -34.4 29.3474.60 -70.9 -34.4 36.5488.16 -70.0 -34.4 35.6501.72 -70.3 -34.4 35.9867.84

Harmonics

-55.1 -34.4 20.71301.76 -59.8 -41.2 18.61735.68 -57.2 -34.4 22.82169.60 -52.1 -34.4 17.72603.52 -57.2 -34.4 22.83037.44 -51.2 -34.4 16.83471.36 -49.6 -34.4 15.23905.28 -53.6 -41.2 12.44339.20 -50.8 -41.2 9.6


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Maximum Transmission Time and Duty Cycle (Section 15.231(a))The timing and length of the transmissions are undersoftware control, and it is the responsibility of thecustomer to select the data rate and packet structureaccordingly and to build in the required time-outoptions.

Emission Bandwidth (Section 15.231(c))The emission bandwidth of the transmission must beno wider than 0.25% of the center frequency.Bandwidth is determined at the points 20 dB down fromthe modulated carrier.

The measurement results are illustrated in Figure 6and Figure 7. The reference design is FCC complianton 315 MHz with all supported data rates (up to115 kbps) and on 433.92 MHz with all data rates up to64 kbps.

FIGURE 6: SPECTRUM AT 315 MHZ AND 115 KBPS MODULATION


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FIGURE 7: SPECTRUM AT 433.92 MHZ AND 64 KBPS MODULATION


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CONCLUSIONTable 4 summarizes the usable data rates and thehighest nominal output power settings for ETSI or FCCcompliant operation using the MICRF114 key fobdesign.

REFERENCESThis section provides information on the list ofMicrochip Technology Inc. documents and otherresources that are referenced in this application note:

ETSI EN 300 220 standard: http://www.etsi.org/

FCC 15.231 regulation: http://www.fcc.gov/LL

Note: When creating custom hardware withdifferent geometry and antenna design,the antenna gain and thus thefundamental and spurious emissionlevels will change.

TABLE 4: DATA RATES AND NOMINAL OUTPUT POWER SETTINGS

Data Rate Range(kbps)

Maximum Output Power Setting(dBm)

FCC ETSI

315 MHz 433.92 MHz 433.92 MHz

0 64 +8 +10 +1364 115 +8 N/A(1) +13

Note 1: Not available due to bandwidth criteria. Reducing the power setting has no effect as FCC defines the levelat the bandwidth edge relative to the carrier power.


http://www.fcc.gov/

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IntroductionAuthors: Tibor Keller Janos Erdelyi Microchip Technology Inc.ETSI EN 300 220Frequency Error (Clause 7.1)Effective Radiated Power (Clause 7.3)FIGURE 1: ERP Measured in anechoic chamberTABLE 1: Measured ERP Level at 433.92 MHz

Unwanted Emissions in the Spurious Domain (Clause 7.8)FIGURE 2: Spurious Levels at 433.92 MHz

Modulation Bandwidth (Clause 7.7)FIGURE 3: Spectrum at 115 kbps ModulationFIGURE 4: Spectrum at 0.6 kbps Modulation

Transient Power (Clause 7.5)Frequency Stability under Low Voltage Conditions (Clause 7.9)Duty Cycle (Clause 7.10)

FCC Part 15Radiated Emission Limit (Sections 15.33, 15.205, 15.209 and 15.231(b))FIGURE 5: Spurious Levels at 315 MHzTABLE 2: Measured EIRP Level at 315 MHzTABLE 3: Measured EIRP Level at 433.92 MHz

Maximum Transmission Time and Duty Cycle (Section 15.231(a))Emission Bandwidth (Section 15.231(c))FIGURE 6: Spectrum at 315 MHZ And 115 KBPS ModulationFIGURE 7: Spectrum At 433.92 MHZ And 64 KBPS Modulation

ConclusionTABLE 4: Data Rates and Nominal Output Power Settings

ReferencesETSI and FCC Compliance Measurements of MICRF114 Wireless Remote Key FobWorldwide Sales and Service

Documents

AN2263 - ETSI and FCC Compliance Measurements of ...ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/AppNotes/00002263A.pdf(dBm) FCC Limit (dBm) Margin (dB) 366.12 PLL spurs-75.1 -34.4 40.7 379.68 -72.2