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Christine Prasad [Geologist]
Robert Smith [Senior Marine Geophysics Advisor]
An Overview of the
Baseline Assessment of
Development Minerals Study in
Fiji
Funded by European Union and UNDP
Implemented by the UNDP
SPC –Geoscience Division conducting a baseline assessment of development minerals in Fiji
A key stakeholder and partner in this Project is Mineral Resources Department
A team with skill sets in Geology, Resources Law, Economics, Geospatial, and Community relations has been formed for the study.
BACKGROUND
What are Development Minerals?
The term “Development minerals” in the Project refers to aggregates-sand and gravel , limestone, marble and river spalls are examples.
“ Aggregate” comes in many forms from quarried rock to sand and gravel mined from rivers or dredged material
Natural aggregate consists of crushed stone gravel
It is the essential basic raw material needed in the construction industry for infrastructure development
In Fiji , development minerals are
principally extracted from :
River mining Hardrock quarry
Why this study is important?
Increasing demand of sand and gravel due to infrastructure development
FRA –aggregate demand for 560,000m3 for years 2017/2018
Currently the rivers and streams provide the bulk of the development minerals ( 60-70%).
As a result sand and gravel mining is a growing environmental and social issue
Incomplete data sets on resource availability, sustainability, accessibility, legal and environmental considerations , permitting and licensing of extraction impact are existing issues that result in budget overruns and project delays .
STUDY OBJECTIVE
1. Profile of the sector
2. Review of legal and policy framework
3. Assessment of institutional and technical operating context
4. Social Responsibility, OHS, Environment
5. Economic Chain Analysis
1. Profile of the sector
Compilation of active and inactive sources for development minerals their operations, difficulties, constraints
Mineral Resource Department Bibliographies Reports maps provide a rich data holdings on historical activity.
Collate with different regulatory bodies that deal with development minerals industry licensing and permitting activities. DoE , Divisional land officers, Itaukei Land Trust Board. Current Information indicates 16 hard rock blasting sites22 gravel crushing sites40+ river and stream mining sites and applications
FRA Compilation example -190 locations includes rivers and stream, borrow pits, quarries, beaches .
Profile of the sector
Field surveys for documenting rock type, geology, environmental assessment and other activities associated with major quarry, river mining sites. Identifying good and bad practice, licensed and unlicensed operations. Quantifying volumes, productivity and understanding supply chains.
Profile of the sector
Hard Rock Quarry-Monzonite River bed mining
Location: Sabeto, Nadi Location: Nawaka River, Nadi
Inactive Tau Limestone QuarryFlametree Quarry
Profile of the sector
Location: Saru, Lautoka Location: Momi, Nadi
Profile of the sector
A
CD
B
Image analysis
Profile of the sector
Desk Studies
Google Earth provides a means to examine principal area of extraction as identified from license portfolio to separate out licensed and unlicensed extraction.
Profile of the sector
Resource mapping - Maps at 2 different scales
Profile of the sector
Desk Studies
A B
A. 1: 50,000 B. 1: 5000 source: Harrison etal
Environment Management Act was enacted in 2005 and operational in 2008.
All extraction of development minerals requires an EIA.
There is a need to review and update the legislation for development mineral permitting and extraction
Differences in Royalty payments for stream mining• iTaukei Lands Trust Board : $6.61/m3
• Ministry of Lands : $2.50/m3
2. Review of legal and policy
framework
Considerations
Opportunity for modernising legislation for development mineral permitting and extraction
Identify shortfalls in the EMA and EIA’s processes
A new template for policy development for development minerals extraction
Having a single regulatory body for development mineral permitting processes and monitoring
Summary report of findings and recommendation for the review of legal and policy frameworks.
License fees ,environmental bonds, royalties to state and resource owners, equitable sharing of proceeds of extracted natural resources
Review of legal and policy framework
Regulatory Agencies and their roles with respect to the development minerals industry
Agency Current role Activity
Mineral Resources
Department
Permitting hard rock
extraction and mining
Mapping; geodata;
resources; mining
regulator
Department of
Environment
EIA approving
authority and regulator
Regulator and
monitoring
Lands Department Sand gravel permitting
;land boundaries
Regulator; land titles
etc
TLTB Native Lands
Board
Responsible for
administration of
Native Land Affairs
Native Land Affairs
administrator and
regulator on native
leases
Ministry of Labour Issue Compliance
Letter
Check the components
of the excavator, front
load crusher and OHS
Land Transport
Authority
Issue registration Licensing of vehicles
and monitor
overloading
Fisheries Department Fisheries
Compensation matters
with respect to river,
lake and marine
activities
Fishery Regulator and
Develop Agency
Health Department Environmental Health OHS social Impacts on
health
3. Assessment of institutional
and technical operating
context
Compilation off government department’s capabilities and limitations for geological, geophysical and geotechnical evaluation for development mineral resource mapping and detailing.
Compilation of software tools used for resource mapping and evaluation combined with, hardware Inventory.
Access and data sharing between government departments
Identification of the skill sets needed for the development minerals and improving industry partnership’s in promoting investment in training and employment
Identify educational institution (s) best suited to provide training
Assessment of institutional and
technical operating context
An online Development minerals Permitting Registry
TransparencyBenefits both the resource owner, developer and governmentProvides an easy reference for sourcing materialQuantifies resources available, type
Assessment of institutional and
technical operating context
Assessment of institutional and technical
operating context
Will look at how the sector is contributing to the local, national, and regional economy and welfare for employees and their family
Geospatial data base illustrating and mapping the demographic income spread
Inventory of employment statistics in the development minerals industry
Inventory on age statistics in the development minerals industry
Compilation of taxation and royalty requirements for development mineral extraction
Documentation of existing OHS standards and state of current practice analysis
4. Social Responsibility, OHS
and Environment
The Selected commodities identified from the study will be scored against defined criteriaCommodity examplesConcrete blocksCustom form work blocksReady-mixed cementGlassPaving stonesPrefabricated culvertsAgricultural inputs ( Lime for soil conditioning)Marble Sealing chipsExport
5. Economic Chain Analysis
CriteriaGross value added potentialEmployment potentialEnvironmental impactResource availability Strategic positioning
What next? The data collected will be used to :
value chain analysis
product mapping
market analysis
competitive analysis
Resource Inventory
Human resources skilled versus unskilled
Industry training needs identified
Educational and vocational requirements
VINAKA