An overview of some of the larger United States ocean observing efforts

8/6/2019 An overview of some of the larger United States ocean observing efforts

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COSYNA SAC meeting 2011

An overview of some of the larger United States

ocean observing efforts

1) National Science Foundation Ocean Observing Initiative (OOI)

2) NOAA Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS)


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+ =

+ =Nested Models Data Assimilation 4-D Forecasts

=

Remote Sensing AUVs Spatial Nowcasts


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Contributed Assets:

HF Radar Networks

USF, USMGliders

iRobot, Mote, Rutgers,

SIO, UDel, USF, Navy

Drifters & Profilers

Horizon Marine, NavySatellite Imagery

CSTARS, UDelOcean Forecasts

Navy, NCSUData/Web Services

ASA, Rutgers, SIO


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OOIThe NSF OOI is a ~$350 million

infrastructure investment. It has just

finished the first year of its construction. Itintends to be a fully open science

infrastructure with accompanying maturecyber-infrastructure and educational tools.

It will be a basic science tool.

IOOSThe NOAA IOOS an evolving nationalconsortium of academic, commercial,

and governmental members that is isbuilding a coastal backbone of

observational and modeling capacity toserve basic and applied needs

DoD/DHSSeveral technical centers focused on

forward deployed assets, rapid

environmental assessment, and maritimedomain awareness

NASAContinued MODIS mission and the

launch of Aquarius this last friday


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OOI Science Requires Resolution of High Frequency Forcing (minutes-hours)

In Distant and/or Extreme Environments for Sustained Periods (years-decades)

Four Global high latitude sitesStation PapaIrminger Sea

Argentine Basin

Southern Ocean

Two Coastal ArraysEndurance ArrayPioneer Array

Cabled ArrayMeso-scale,

Plate Scale network

The locations and type of infrastructure

drive engineering design, deployment, and

maintenance profiles


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OOI engineering strategy based on multiple modes of

communication


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OOI Integrated Observatory

ObservatoryRequirements:

Provide one integratedobservatory interface to

all users inside andoutside the OOI. Enablethe users to investigate

observations, manage theobservatory and its assetsand collaborate with each

other in teams. Engineering Drivers:

A geographicallydistributed system of

systems with

observatories at multiplescales and operational

authority. OOI-wide needfor data distribution,

storage, processing andcommand and control.


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ObservingRequirements:

Simultaneous observationsresolving at least daily

time scales and multiplespatial scales, data fromair-sea interface to sea

floor, collects data for upto a year, multidisciplinary

sensor suites, real-timedata, adaptability

NASA ocean color image of the

ocean around Tasmania

A engineering driver to sample

mesoscale space to resolve eddys

Engineering Drivers:

Remote locations, need tooperate for months to a

year without maintenance,power capacity for the

community to add sensors,remote control of

sampling, survive highwaves and wind

Global Scale Nodes


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Global Scale Nodes

Paired surface and profilermoorings cover full water

column

3 gliders to observeevolution of ocean properties

on sections

2 gliders to track/surveyfeatures, also commandable

as spares

2 subsurface moorings withfixed depth sensors complete

triangular moored array

telemetry via gliders

Observation Need: Adaptive spatial data sampling

of water column that can be sustained for a yearGliders

Subsurface

flanking

moorings

Paired surface andprofiler mooring


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Coastal Node: Pioneer Array

How exchanges between a broad shelf

with the a deep ocean that is bounded

by an energetic western boundarysystem structure physics, chemistry,

and biology of continental shelves

ObservingRequirements: Nested

simultaneous observationsresolving short time scalesand multiple spatial scales,

data from air-sea interfaceto sea floor,

multidisciplinary sensorsuites, real-time data, high

resolution adaptive

sampling


High turbulence resulting in

high frequencyheterogeneity in

space/time, high rates ofbio-fouling, human

presence, rapid response

cabailities


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Coastal Node: Pioneer Array

Engineering Design: Multi-element,

multi-scale, fixed and mobile assets,relocatable, reconfigurable toresolve processes Network consistsof surface profiling floats,subsurface floats, coastal gliders,and docking AUVs


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Coastal Node: Endurance Array

Observing

Requirements:Simultaneous observationsresolving short time scalesand multiple spatial scales,data from air-sea interfaceto sea floor, collects data

for up to a year,multidisciplinary sensorsuites, real-time data,

adaptability


High turbulence resulting inhigh frequency

heterogeneity inspace/time, high rates ofbio-fouling, human

presence

An engineering driver to resolve how coastal jets

structure ecosystems and coastal chemistry

temperature

phytoplankton


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Coastal Node: Endurance Array

60

km

25m

500m

Engineering Design: Multi-element,multi-scale cabled, high power andbandwidth Fixed and mobile assetsdeployed for long term sustained timeseries. Network consists of surfaceprofiling floats, subsurface floats, coastalgliders, and subsurface electro-opticalcable.

125 km

500k

m


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Observing System Experiment (OSE)

CI Data and Model

Integration Portal;Daily planning

Observatory (simulated) data

Virtual Ocean

Design, Testing and Deploy

Models

Data Assimilation

Data

Analysis

Science Questions & Drivers

~100 m

~3 km

Sensor &

Platform

Data Synthesis: Nowcast & Data Impact


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Glid Ad ti S li b d E bl f O F t


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Glider Adaptive Sampling based on Ensemble of Ocean Forecasts

Ensemble of 4 Forecasts Model-Data Profile Comparisons

Forecast Currents determine Glider Range


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Increase model resolution Reduce forecast error


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Science Community Workshop 1 1919

Science

Agents

Science Event Manager

Processes alerts andPrioritizes response observations

ASPEN

Schedules observations on EO-1

EO-1 Flight Dynamics

Tracks, orbit, overflights,

momentum management

Science

Alerts

Observation

Requests

Updates to

onboard plan

Science

Campaigns

Scientists

Hyperion

on EO-1


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Regional Cabled NetworkAn 800 km Electro-optical Backbone Provides Scientists with Multiple Subsea

Power and Communications Nodes. Each node provides 8 kW and 10 Gb/s..


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Regional Cabled Network Observing

Requirements: Highfrequency physical,chemical, and biologicaldata below, within the

methane hydrate, and theoverlying water column.

EngineeringDrivers:

High power and bandwidthrequired to support seismic,chemical, and geophysical

and water columnmeasurements. Sensorsrequire high frequency

information to resolve rapidresponses

Seafloor Photomosaic of an

Experimental Site in

Hydrate Ridge Area

An engineering driver is to sample the

lithosphere, methane hydrate, and overlying

water column


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ObservingRequirements: High

frequency physical,chemical, geophysical, andbiological data at an active

volcano linked to theoverlying water column. Engineering Drivers:

High power and bandwidthrequired to support seismic,chemical, and geophysical

measurements including highdefinition video The sensors

require high frequencyinformation to resolve rapid

responses to episodic events,

like volcanic eruptions.

A engineering driver is to understand the linkages

between sub-seafloor microbial communities, hot

springs, volcanic activity, and the overlying ocean

Regional Cabled Network


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Regional Cabled Network


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Life in Extreme EnvironmentsHigh Resolution Imaging of INFERNO allows experiments at mm scale

Inferno

4 m

Sensors at the 300C vent INFERNO will

provide HD imagery, seismicity, tides,

seafloor inflation, and fluid chemistry

MARACOOS R i l Th


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MARACOOS Regional Themes1) Maritime Operations Safety at Sea

2) Ecosystem Decision Support -

Fisheries

3) Water Quality Floatables, Hypoxia, Nutrients

4) Coastal Inundation - Flooding

5) Energy Offshore Wind

Direct Acquisition Satellite Data Evolution


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Direct Acquisition Satellite Data Evolution

CODAR HF Radar Network Evolution in the Mid Atlantic


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E)

CODAR HF Radar Network Evolution in the Mid-Atlantic

>35 CODAR SitesCurrent Mapping NearshoreWaves& Currents

Vessel Tracking National NetworkEast Coast Hub

Glider Sensors

Rutgers Slocum Glider Fleet


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Global Flight Statistics: 261 Deployments 4,037 In-water days 94,000 km flown

2.3 laps around the Earth

Glider Sensors

Ruggedized Tail Fin, Modular Payload Bays, Lithium Primary & Rechargeable Batteries

Rutgers Slocum Glider Fleet


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Here glider looked at its own data to make a decision underwater on its own.The glider brains will be key to provide adaptive sampling of ocean features

of high science priority

Make the network smart

MARACOOS Regional Real time Data


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MARACOOS Regional Real-time Data


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Data distributed via Opendap Thredds servers, to the web and mobile devices

C bi i MARACOOS S ti l D t ith Fi h i Di t ib ti D t


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Combining MARACOOS Spatial Data with Fisheries Distribution Data

New Product: Butterfish Bycatch Reduction Model

MARACOOS Ocean Forecast Models


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MARACOOS Ocean Forecast Models

Short Term

Prediction System

U. Connecticut

NY-HOPS

Stevens

Institute

Technology

ROMS

ESPRESSO

Rutgers

HOPS

U Massachusetts

Conclusions:


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Conclusions: Sustained Regional Observing Networks are Proven Ensemble Ocean Forecast Models are a Useful Tool Emphasis is Shifting toward support for Societal Goals

Workforce Development is Still Required Linking the Regional Efforts will result in a National Backbone

Documents

An overview of some of the larger United States ocean observing efforts