AN OVERVIEW OF INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN DVC

PREPARED BY DIPANKAR CHAUDHURI SE(CIVIL), DVC

GUIDED BY

S. B. PANDEY DCE(CIVIL), DVC

HISTORY OF DAMODAR RIVER VALLEY• THE RECORDS OF THE BENGAL GOVERNMENT FOR THE PERIOD 1852-1923

SHOW THAT THE RIVER BREACHED ITS BANKS FREQUENTLY. THE GOVERNMENT WAS FORCED TIME AND AGAIN TO TAKE UP DIFFERENT PLANS FOR FLOOD CONTROL WORKS. NOTABLY LARGE FLOODS CAUSED WIDE SPREAD DAMAGE IN THE YEARS 1823, 1840, 1877, 1913, 1935, 1939, 1941, AND 1943.

• FLOOD CONTROL BY MEANS OF RESERVOIRS WAS CONSIDERED AS EARLY AS 1863. BRITISH ENGINEERS WISHING TO LOCATE DAM SITES SURVEYED ONE RESERVOIR SITE IN JANUARY 1864.

• IN 1902 A RESERVOIR SITE WAS PROPOSED AT BARAKAR ABOVE THE CONFLUENCE OF THE BARAKAR AND USRI RIVERS. AFTER THE SEVERE FLOOD OF 1913, A LARGE RESERVOIR WAS PROPOSED ONCE MORE FOR THAT SITE.

• IN 1919, THE IDEA OF USING MULTIPLE RESERVOIRS WAS CONCEIVED. THE IDEA WAS TO USE THREE DAMS – ONE ON DAMODAR RIVER, ONE ON THE BARAKAR RIVER AND ONE ON THE USRI RIVER.

• CONSTRUCTION OF DAMODAR CANAL (ANDERSON) BEGAN IN 1926 AND COMPLETED IN 1933.

• THE GOVERNOR OF BENGAL SET UP THE DAMODAR FLOOD ENQUIRY COMMITTEE IN 1943 & ITS REPORT (AUG 1944) SUGGESTS THE CREATION OF AN AUTHORITY SIMILAR TO THAT OF TVA.

• DVC WAS FORMED IN THE YEAR 1948 BY THE ACT OF CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY OF GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

FUNCTIONS OF THE CORPORATION

• THE PROMOTION AND OPERATION OF SCHEMES FOR IRRIGATION, WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE

• THE PROMOTION AND OPERATION OF SCHEMES FOR THE GENERATION, TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC ENERGY, BOTH HYDRO-ELECTRICAL AND THERMAL

• THE PROMOTION AND OPERATION OF SCHEMES FOR FLOOD CONTROL IN THE DAMODAR RIVER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES AND THE CHANNELS, IF ANY, EXCAVATED BY THE CORPORATION IN CONNECTION WITH THE SCHEME AND FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF FLOW CONDITIONS IN THE HOOGHLY RIVER,

• THE PROMOTION AND CONTROL OF NAVIGATION IN THE DAMODAR RIVER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES AND CHANNELS, IF ANY

• THE PROMOTION OF AFFORESTATION AND CONTROL OF SOIL EROSION IN THE DAMODAR VALLEY, AND

• THE PROMOTION OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE AGRICULTURAL, INDUSTRIAL, ECONOMIC AND GENERAL WELL-BEING IN THE DAMODAR VALLEY AND ITS AREA OF OPERATION.

CORPORATE OBJECTIVES

• GENERATE MORE POWER AT LOWEST POSSIBLE COST

• TRANSMIT, DISTRIBUTE AND SUPPLY RELIABLE AND QUALITY POWER

• ADOPTION OF EFFICIENT INDUSTRIAL, COMMERCIAL AND HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

• OPTIMUM UTILIZATION OF AVAILABLE WATER RESOURCES AND HARNESSING THE REMAINING POTENTIAL OF THE BASIN TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE

• TO FORTIFY MEASURES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AT PLANT LEVELS AND TO CONTINUE WITH THE EFFECTIVE ECO-CONSERVATION ACTIVITIES IN THE VALLEY AREA.

• STRENGTHENING OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT FOR THE INHABITANTS OF NEIGHBORING VILLAGES OF THE MAJOR PROJECTS

THE TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY (TVA) - A PARTIAL MODEL FOR THE DAMODAR VALLEY CORPORATION (DVC)

BRIEF COMPARISON

  UNIT TENNESSEE DAMODAR

CATCH AREA Sq. Mile 40,200 8,500

RIVER LENGTH Miles 652 336

FOREST COVER Acres 13,000,000 6,000,000

(1930) (1948)

MEAN YEARLY R/F Inches 51 45

MEAN YLY RUNOFF % of rainfall 42 35

DAM (MAJOR) Nos. 39 5

POPULATION Nos. 2,800,000 (1930) 10,720,485 (1971)

      14,076,399 (1991)

DAMODAR VALLEY RESERVOIR REGULATION COMMITTEE (DVRRC)

COMMITTEE IS FRAMED COMPRISING OF THE MEMBERS OF THE STAKE HOLDER STATES I.E. JHARKHAND AND WEST BENGAL, AS WELL AS MEMBERS OF DVC AND CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION - A PIVOT BODY OF GOVERNMENT OF INDIA.

ROLE OF COMMITTEE IS FRAMING OF POLICY (OPERATION MANUAL) AND TO REGULATE THE OPERATION OF ALL THE RESERVOIRS INCLUDING ALLOCATION OF WATER TO DIFFERENT AGENCIES FOR DIFFERENT USES.

MAJOR ACTIVITIES TAKEN UP BY DVC

• INSTALLATION OF 39 AUTOMATIC RAIN GAUGE STATIONS• MODIFICATION OF THE EXISTING OPERATIONAL GUIDE CURVES• RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT• FLOOD FORECAST MANAGEMENT• HYDRAULIC DATA MANAGEMENT• CREATION OF STORAGE• DE-SILTATION WORK• PISCICULTURE• MASTER PLAN• DRIP• ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT• SOIL CONSERVATION• DAM BREAK ANALYSIS• EAP (EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN) & DMP (DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN)• REHABILATION AND RE-SETTLEMENT (R & R)• SEDIMENTATION SURVEY OF RESERVOIRS• SOCIAL INTEGRATION PROGRAMME

MUNICIPAL & INDUSTRIAL WATER SUPPLYSUPPLYING WATER TO ABOUT 170 MUNICIPAL & INDUSTRIAL AGENCIES FROM MACKLUKXIGUANGE NEAR DALTANGUANGE IN JHARKHAND TO PANAGARH IN WB.

MAIN INDUSTRIAL CONSUMERS

• COAL INDIA• STEEL PLANTS• THERMAL PLANTS• RAILWAYS• CEMENT FACTORIES• HFCL, DPL, STPS ETC.

MAIN DOMESTIC CONSUMERS

• JHARIA WATER BOARD• DHANBAD WATER WORKS•ASANSOL RANIGUNGE & DURGAPUR MUNICIPALITIES•PUBLIC HEALTH ENGINEERING DEPARTMENTS (JHARKHAND & W. BENGAL) ETC.

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

0.30 0.31 0.33 0.36 0.41 0.54 0.55 0.56 0.58 0.61 0.63

Jharkhand M & I drawal

MUNICIPAL AND INDUSTRIAL WATER WITHDRAWALWithdrawal in MCM/Day

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

0.68 0.73 0.79 0.79 0.85 0.89 0.91 0.92 0.95 0.97 1.01

West Bengal M & I Drawal

IRRIGATION AREA

WEST BENGALKharif Irrigation potential:               9,73,000 acre (3,93,763 hectare)Rabi irrigation potential   :                  55,000 acre (22,258 hectare)

JHARKHAND

  Kharif Rabi Total  Hectare Hectare HectareCheck dams (16,882)   64,748 64,748Small ReservoirsJamunia 1458 1,458Charwa 405 405Gonda 931 931ProposedKonar Reservoir 47,849 14,074 61,923Balpahari Reservoir 40,468  40,468

1,69,933

Target  Achieved300,000

310,000

320,000

330,000

340,000

350,000

360,000

370,000

380,000

390,000

400,000

KHARIF IRRIGATION IN WEST BENGAL

Irrigable area in Hectare

Target  Achieved20,400

20,600

20,800

21,000

21,200

21,400

21,600

21,800

22,000

22,200

22,400

RABI IRRIGATION IN WEST BENGAL

 irrigable area in Hectare

2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

PERFORMANCE OF KHARIF IRRIGATION SUPPLY

Drawal for Kharif

Indent for Kharif

Allocation for Kharif

Volu

me

of w

ater

in M

CM

2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

PERFORMANCE OF COMBINED RABI & BORO IRRIGATION

Indent: Rabi + BoroDrawal: Rabi + BoroAllocated: Rabi + BoroAllocated: Rabi

Volu

me

of w

ater

in M

CM

Sep, 1958

Oct, 1959

Oct, 1961

Oct, 1963

Oct, 1963

Jul, 1971

Oct, 1973

Sep, 1978

Aug, 1980

Sep, 1980

Jun, 1984

Jun, 1984

Aug, 1987

Sep, 1987

Sep, 1995

Sep, 2000

Sep, 2006

Sep, 2007

Sep, 2009

Aug, 2011

Oct, 2013

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

FLOOD MODERATION AT DOWN STREAM OF MAITHON & PANCHET DAMS

M & P Combined Peak Inflow M & P Combined Peak Outflow Down stream Channel Capacity

Disc

harg

e in

Cum

ec

A VIEW OF DAMODAR VALLEY RESERVOIR STORAGE AND FLOOD MODERATION

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Flood Live Total Flood Moderation Capacity Storage Storage Storage Combined Peak Moderated Inflow Outflow (MCM) (Cumec)

----------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Original Plan 3579 2838 7009 28321 7085 1st Stage of 1851 1318 3812 18420 7085 DVC Dams   Achieved 1116 1318 3077 17003 7085 in 1ST stage  Current 971 926 2206 14169 3684 position

Loss in % 13 30 28 NA NA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DeadLive

Flood

206

607

382

93

441

334

Maithon Original Survey 1955

Secondary survey 2002

STORAGE IN MCM

Dead Live Flood

236 252

500

106169

434

PanchetOriginal survey 1956Secondary survey 2011

Dead Live Flood

141

238178

75

141 165

Tilaiya

Original survey 1953

Secondary survey 1987

Dead Live Flood

60

221

5635

175

38

Konar

Original survey 1955

Secondary survey1987

Original Plan 1st Phase utilisable Current 

7009

3077

22062838

1318 926

3579

1116 971

DVC SYSTEM STORAGEStorage in MCM

GrossLiveFlood

LOSS OF CAPACITY IN %  Maithon Panchet Tilaiya KonarDead 54.85 55.08 46.81 41.67Live 27.35 32.94 40.76 20.81Flood 12.57 13.20 7.30 32.14Gross 27.36 28.24 31.60 26.41

2011 2025 2050

1.79

3.7

7.42

1.722.056

3.6

STATE WISE FOOD GRAIN DEMAND IN DAMODAR BASINFood grain in Metric Tonne

Jharkhand

West Bengal

19711981

19912025

2050

1072048511234481

14076399

26406060

38804280

POPULATION GROWTH IN DAMODAR VALLEY

Population

TILAIYA DAM KONAR FLOOD RELEASE

TOURISM AT MAITHON DAM DURGAPUR BARRAGE

HEAD REGULATOR AT DURGAPUR BARRAGE NAVIGATION HEAD REGULATOR

IRRIGATION LEFT BANK MAIN CANAL

MAJOR ISSUES FACED BY DVC• LAND ACQUISITION • REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT• FLOOD OPERATION • LOWER DAMODAR CHANNEL CAPACITIES• OPERATION OF THE TENUGHAT RESERVOIR• ACTIVITIES WITHOUT KNOWLEDGE OF DVC• ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT• CAPITAL SHARING• FUND• ILLITERACY• POLITICAL WILL• EMPLOYMENT• EXTRACTION OF FULL BENEFITS (TPD ETC)• EROSION & SEDIMENTATION• SHARING OF WATER• TECHNOLOGY • LACK OF PRO-ACTIVE PARTICIPATION OF STAKE HOLDERS

STRATEGIES TO COMBAT ISSUES

• FLOOD CUSHION OF TILAIYA AND KONAR RESERVOIR MAY BE USED AS A COMBINED STORAGE FOR FLOOD AND CONSERVATION STORAGE

• IF EXTRA WATER IS MADE AVAILABLE, IRRIGATION FACILITIES MAY BE EXTENDED TO JHARKHAND STATE THROUGH KONAR AND TILAIYA RESERVOIRS

• IN CASE OF MAITHON AND PANCHET, EXISTING OPERATIONAL CONSERVATION LEVEL MAY BE INCREASED BY 1.52 MT. IN EACH RESERVOIR

• ALL M&I WATER ALLOCATIONS MAY BE REVIEWED TO LOCATE SURPLUS IN THE ALLOCATED QUANTITIES

• TO COMBAT THE FLOOD AT THE LOWER VALLEY, DOWN-STREAM FLOOD CARRYING CAPACITIES MAY BE REVIEWED AND MEASURES FOR IMPROVEMENT OF CARRYING CAPACITY MAY BE TAKEN

• ADEQUATE AFFORESTATION AND SOIL CONSERVATION MEASURES ARE ALSO REQUIRED TO BE TAKEN UP AT THE UPPER VALLEY TO REDUCE THE EROSION RATES

• TO TAKE UP RAIN WATER HARVESTING AND GROUND WATER RECHARGING PROJECTS

• RENOVATION OF OLD IRRIGATION & WATER SUPPLY CANAL SYSTEM AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MODERN IRRIGATION TECHNIQUES FOR OPTIMUM USE OF THE RESOURCE

STRATEGIES TO COMBAT ISSUES

• CONJUNCTIVE USE OF SURFACE AND GROUND WATER

• INSTILLING DISCIPLINE IN EQUATABLE DISTRIBUTION THROUGH WATER USERS ASSOCIATION’S PARTICIPATION

• IMPLEMENTATION OF MORE SCIENTIFIC CROPPING PATTERN

• OPERATION OF CANALS AND DISTRIBUTION NETWORK ON DEMAND BASED RATHER THAN SUPPLY BASED

• VOLUMETRIC BASED MEASUREMENT OF WATER AT USER END

• REVISION OF WATER TARIFF

• TAPPING OF UNHARNESSED HYDRO-POWER POTENTIAL OF NEARLY 3500 MW

CONCLUSION

WELL STRUCTURED LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS VIZ. DVC ACT 1948,

INTER STATE AGREEMENT 1978 AND DVRRC BROADLY COVER ALMOST ALL THE

ASPECTS MENTIONED IN DRAFT CWC GUIDE LINES ON IMPLEMENTATION OF

IWRM. HOWEVER PRO-ACTIVE PARTICIPATION OF THE STAKE HOLDERS IN

MANAGING THE WATER RESOURCES OF THE VALLEY IN EFFICIENT, SPEEDY AND

TANGIBLE MANNER IS NEED OF THE HOUR.

SINCE DVC PROJECTS ARE NEARLY 55 YEAR’S OLD, DEDICATED AND SINCERE

EFFORTS OF ALL CONCERNED IS HIGHLY REQUIRED TO REJUVENATE THE EXISTING

INFRA-STRUCTURE AND TO CREATE ADDITIONAL FACILITIES FOR ACHIEVING THE

ORIGINAL PLAN OF DEVELOPMENT.

THANKS