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AN OVERVIEW OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGYDr. Adly Kh. Al-Saafin Engg. / Env. Geology KFUPM-Dhahran
Quartz Pyroxene Clay
Minerals Rocks Soils Dunes Sabkhas
Site Investigation
Plate Tectonic
Rock Cycle Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic Rocks Faults Folds Domes
Weathering Physiographic Features
Tunnels Roads Railroads Building
Earthquake Volcano flood Engg./Env. Projects
Water Table Groundwater Foundation Rock / Soil. Characterization
Engineering Geology & Engg./Environmental Applications
Engineering Geology & Engg./Environmental Applications
Engineering Geology & Engg./Environmental Applications
Engineering Geology & Engg./Environmental Applications
Engineering Geology & Engineering Applications
Engineering Geology & Core Logging
OUTLINEWHAT IS ENGINEERING GEOLOGY? HISTORY OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY. ENGINEERING GEOLOGY & OTHER SCIENCES. STAGES OF AN ENGINEERING PROJECT WAYS OF THINKING
TYPICAL SPECIALIZATIONS!WHY ENGINEERING GEOLOGY? ENGINEERING GEOLOGIST RESPONSIBILITIES. WHAT WILL COURSE? YOU LEARN BY THE END OF THIS
ASPECTS OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGYENGINEERING GEOLOGIST FUNCTION
WHAT IS ENGINEERING GEOLOGY?Engineering geology is the application of geological knowledge to the siting, planning, and construction of the engineering works. Engineering geology is a hybrid science mainly consists of two majors: Geology and Engineering.
Geology & Civil EngineeringGEOLOGY: is defined as the science dealing with physical nature, history of earth, the rock of which it is composed, and the changes which it has undergone or is undergoing.GEOLOGIST builds his conclusions on observations and intuitive reasoning.
ENGINEERING: is a science concerned with putting scientific knowledge to practical uses.ENGINEER measures properties and applies mathematical relationships to reach his conclusion
Engineering GeologyENGINEERING GEOLOGY has attempted to fill the philosophical gap in the evaluation of geological phenomenon and defining the geological environment for the purpose of engineering works.ENGINEERING GEOLOGOST: is a scientist who applies the geological knowledge to engineering practice. (e.g. assuring that the geologic factors affecting the location, design, construction operation, and maintenance of engineering works are recognized and adequately provided for).
HISTORY OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGYIn 1903, Charles Brky had introduced the first Engineering Geology course in Columbia University. In the 1940s, engineering geologic activities have been utilized by public agency (USGS, USBR) in many projects. 1950 - 1970s; Many workers in the US and UK were defined as the principle foundation of Engineering Geology, and tried to introduce engineering geology as a well recognized and acceptable science in many universities. 1972/1973; Field and responsibilities of Geologist, Civil Engineer and Engineering Geologist has been defined (California State Board ofRegistration for Geologists and Geophysics, US and Engineering Geological Group Party, UK).
1970 - present, Engineering Geology stands as a well-defined science and served in several engineering & environmental works.
Development of Geosciences
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND OTHER PERTINENT SCIENCESROCK ENGINEERING SOIL ENGINEERING APPLIED HYDROGEOLOGY
GEOLOGIC PROCESSES
ENGINEERIG GEOLOGY
STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY
APPLIED GEOMORPHOLOGY
GEOCHEMISTRY ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICS
STAGES OF ENGINEERING PROJECTEngineering Geologist Civil Engineer SITE SELECTION STAGE
DESIGNING STAGE
CONSTRUCTION STAGE
MAINTENANCE OF ENG. WORKS
WAYS OF THINKING !
ENGINEER GEOLOGIST Empirical, rule of thumb, intuitive, qualitative. Answers from experience.
Engineering Geologist
Geotechnical Engineer
Geological Engineer
Precise, specific analysis, rigorous calculations, quantitative. Answers from theory.
After W. Shehat, 2003
Typical Specializations !GEOLOGY ENGINEERING
Theoretical
Ways of solving problems
Empirical
Typical Engineering Geologist
Areas of knowledge
Typical Geotechnical Engineer
Typical Geological Engineer
After W. Shehat, 2003
WHY ENGINEERING GEOLOGY?Engineering geology becomes more important by time because the available building sites become less ideal as time goes on.. In most cities and towns, the best building sites were used long ago. Notice how old buildings have sites within possible flooding zone, within active (inactive) EQ, Volcanic zones, above water table.. Recently, new projects require more careful geologic study and better design because of problems like poor foundation materials, high water tables, and poor drainage. Notice: you are in the eastern and western parts of Saudi Arabia, how many new houses are being built on reclaimed wetlands and streams or on jointed rocky areas.
Most of these sites require some foundation preparation.
PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGIST1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.7. 8.SELECTION OF SUITABLE PROJECTS. SITES FOR ENGINEERING DESCRIBTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GEOLOGIC ENVIRONMENT PERTINENT TO THE ENGINEERING PROJECT (SOIL, ROCK, WATER CONDITIONS). DEFINE OF NATURAL HAZARDS EVENTS THAT MAY AFFECTING THE ENGINEERING PROJECT. FORECAST OF THE FUTURE EVENTS THAT COULD THREAT THE ENGINEERING STRUCTURES. RECOMMENDATION OF WAYS TO HANDLE VAROUS EARTH MATERIALS AND PROCESSES. INSPECTION CONDITIONS. DURING CONSTRUCTION AND TREAT
TO
CONFIRM
DIRECTION AND COORDINATION OF TEAM EFFORTS MAKING JUDGMENTS ON ECONOMY & SAFTEY.
Sources of Engineering Geological Information Geological Survey Environmental Protection Agency Association of Engineering Geologists Consultant Firms Universities & Research Institutes
WHAT WILL YOU LEARN BY THE END OF THIS COURSE?Fundamentals of geology and mechanics Engineering geologic characteristics of earth materials (soil & rock) that are influencing the performance of engineering works Impacts of natural hazards on engineering works Site investigation procedure Computer-aided in engineering geological applications. Case studies showing Role of engineering geologic knowledge on siting of engineering and environmental works
Aspects of Engineering GeologyAspect 1: Aspect 2: Aspect 3: Aspect 4: Aspect 5: Aspect 6: Aspect 7: Fundamentals of Geology Rock Mechanics Fundamentals Characterization of Earth Materials Rock Mass Classification Site Investigation Instrumentation Geohazards Evaluation & Mitigation
Engineering Geologist Function
Portrait of an Engineering Geologist looking back at Geologic Processes and forward to Engineering Products. (After IAEG & AGI)