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WHAT IS READING?
An Overview
Amy Pregulman
Stanley British Primary School
November, 2013
READING IS… Phonological awareness
Ability to hear and appreciate the sounds of language
Phonemic awareness Ability to connect sounds to letters
Fluency Lexicon
Development of vocabulary Comprehension
Using schema, sensory images, asking questions, inferring, determining importance, synthesizing
FLUENCY
WHO NEEDS FLUENCY? Everyone!
Very young children with the development of oral language
Early readers as they are building literacy skills
Transitional readers as text gets more challenging
Fluent readers in new genres
Nonfluent Readers Fluent Readers
Fail to use punctuation cues with variation in the voice
Reflect punctuation with pitch, pausing, stress and intonation in voice
Pause randomly Pause appropriately
Read in a choppy or word-by-word way
Group words into 3-4 word phrases that make sense in the text
Stress few words or place inappropriate stress
Place stress on words that reflect meaning
Fail to differentiate dialogue Read dialogue in a way that reflects aspects of characters
Read slowly or stops Read with good momentum although not so fast that phrasing is lost
Fail to vary speed Speed up or slows down for various purpose
Read in a way that doesn’t reflect awareness of language
Read in a way that reflects knowledge of language syntax
NON-FLUENT READERS Process visual information slowly Read word by word Have inefficient word solving strategies Miss much of meaning and thus must
slow down to understand Ignore punctuation as a way to
construct meaning
FLUENCY BUILDING STRATEGIES Reading stories
Pair reading, taping voice, choral reading, small group instruction or one-on-one instruction
Reciting poems
Performing scripts Reader’s Theatre
Giving speeches/oral reports
Memorizing/ reciting lines for plays
WAYS TO BUILD FLUENCY Model good oral reading Overtly teach readers what
fluency is at all levels of literacy Provide oral support for readers Offer plenty of practice Encourage fluency through
phrasing
READ ALOUD… As you read model specific fluency
strategies…Notice the way I am using dialogue todayHow does my voice change with the
punctuation I use?Listen to my voice today. How do I alter my
voice as the characters change?
LINKING READING AND WRITING
Students read aloud from their writingThrough the writing craft discuss author’s
intentDiscuss sentence fluency as writersAs students develop an appreciation for
language as writers, their ability to manipulate it will increase.
FOOD FOR THOUGHT… Fluency happens in writing too!Handwriting Lots and lots of writing practice (not worksheets but actual writing!)
GOOD LUCK!!