An Overview A Glimpse of Traditional Chinese Culture

An OverviewAn Overview

A Glimpse of Traditional A Glimpse of Traditional

Chinese CultureChinese Culture

The Brief Chronology of The Brief Chronology of Chinese HistoryChinese History(( 中国历史年代简表中国历史年代简表 ))

Paleolithic Period(Paleolithic Period( 旧石器时代旧石器时代 )1,700,000-10,000 )1,700,000-10,000 years agoyears ago

Neolithic Period(Neolithic Period( 新石器时代新石器时代 )10,000-4,000 years )10,000-4,000 years agoago

Xia Dynasty (Xia Dynasty ( 夏夏 ) 2070B.C.-1600 B.C. ) 2070B.C.-1600 B.C.

Shang Dynasty (Shang Dynasty ( 商商 ) 1600 B.C.-1046 B.C.) 1600 B.C.-1046 B.C.

Western Zhou Dynasty (Western Zhou Dynasty ( 西周西周 ) 1046 B.C.-771 ) 1046 B.C.-771 B.C.B.C.

Spring and Autumn Period (Spring and Autumn Period ( 春秋春秋 )770 B.C.-476 )770 B.C.-476 B.C.B.C.

Warring State Period(Warring State Period( 战国战国 ) 475 B.C.-221 B.C.) 475 B.C.-221 B.C.


Qin Dynasty(Qin Dynasty( 秦秦 ) 221BC-206BC) 221BC-206BC

Han Dynasty (Western Han & Eastern Han)Han Dynasty (Western Han & Eastern Han)((汉汉 ) 206BC-220AD) 206BC-220AD

Three Kingdoms (Three Kingdoms ( 三国三国 ) 220-280AD) 220-280AD

Jin Dynasty (Western Jin & Eastern Jin)(Jin Dynasty (Western Jin & Eastern Jin)( 晋晋 ) ) 265-420265-420

Southern and Northern Dynasties(Southern and Northern Dynasties( 南北朝南北朝 ) ) 420-589420-589

Sui Dynasty (Sui Dynasty ( 隋隋 ) 581-618) 581-618

Tang Dynasty (Tang Dynasty ( 唐唐 ) 618-907) 618-907


Five Dynasties (Five Dynasties ( 五代五代 ) 907-960) 907-960

Liao Dynasty (Liao Dynasty ( 辽辽 ) 907-1125) 907-1125

Song Dynasty (Northern Song & Song Dynasty (Northern Song & Southern Song) (Southern Song) ( 宋宋 ) 960-1279) 960-1279

Western Xia Dynasty(Western Xia Dynasty( 西夏西夏 )1038-1227)1038-1227

Jin Dynasty (Jin Dynasty ( 金金 ) 1115-1234) 1115-1234

Yuan Dynasty (Yuan Dynasty ( 元元 ) 1206-1368) 1206-1368


Ming Dynasty (Ming Dynasty ( 明明 ) 1368-1644) 1368-1644Qing Dynasty (Qing Dynasty ( 清清 ) 1616-1840 (Opium War)-1911) 1616-1840 (Opium War)-1911Republic of China(Republic of China( 中华民国中华民国 )1912-1949)1912-1949PeoplePeople’’s Republic of China(s Republic of China( 中华人民共和国中华人民共和国 )1949-)1949-11 、夏商与西周，东周分两段，春秋和战国，一统秦两汉。、夏商与西周，东周分两段，春秋和战国，一统秦两汉。三分魏蜀吴，两晋前后沿，南北朝并立，隋唐五代传三分魏蜀吴，两晋前后沿，南北朝并立，隋唐五代传宋元明清后，皇朝至此完。宋元明清后，皇朝至此完。22 、尧舜禹，夏商周，春秋战国乱悠悠，秦汉三国晋统一，、尧舜禹，夏商周，春秋战国乱悠悠，秦汉三国晋统一，南朝北朝是对头，隋唐五代又十国，宋元明清帝王休。南朝北朝是对头，隋唐五代又十国，宋元明清帝王休。33 、黄尧舜禹夏商周，春秋秦汉又三国，两晋南北隋唐起、黄尧舜禹夏商周，春秋秦汉又三国，两晋南北隋唐起

五代十国宋辽金，元明清后皇朝止。五代十国宋辽金，元明清后皇朝止。

The historical development The historical development of the Chinese cultureof the Chinese culture

1. The Dawn of Chinese History: The Pre-Qin 1. The Dawn of Chinese History: The Pre-Qin Period Culture(Period Culture( 中国历史文化的开篇中国历史文化的开篇————先秦文化先秦文化 ))

(1)The Earliest Human Beings in China: Yuanmou (1)The Earliest Human Beings in China: Yuanmou Man (dated back to 1,700,000 years ago, the earliest Man (dated back to 1,700,000 years ago, the earliest human beings ever found in China)-Lantian Man human beings ever found in China)-Lantian Man (walk upright on 2 feet)-Peking Man (skilled at (walk upright on 2 feet)-Peking Man (skilled at making fire, making and using stone tools)- Upper making fire, making and using stone tools)- Upper Cave Man (18000, resembled modern human beings Cave Man (18000, resembled modern human beings in appearance )in appearance )

(2) The Great Myth of the Creation of Man in Ancient (2) The Great Myth of the Creation of Man in Ancient China China

(3) Ancestors of the Chinese Nation: 4000 years ago, (3) Ancestors of the Chinese Nation: 4000 years ago, Emperor Yan and Empreror Huang defeated Chiyou.Emperor Yan and Empreror Huang defeated Chiyou.


(4) Confucius, the Great Educator(4) Confucius, the Great Educator

(5) The (5) The ““Hundred Schools of ThoughtHundred Schools of Thought”” and their Exponents.and their Exponents. 诸子百家诸子百家

(6) (6) The Art of WarThe Art of War: the world first : the world first treatise on military sciencetreatise on military science 世界上第世界上第一部兵法一部兵法————《《孙子兵法孙子兵法》》

An outline historyAn outline history

Yuanmou Man and Peking ManYuanmou Man and Peking Man The Ancient PeriodThe Ancient Period The Modern TimesThe Modern Times

Yuanmou Man and Peking ManYuanmou Man and Peking Man

The first primitive The first primitive man known to have man known to have existed in China is existed in China is Yuanmou Man, who Yuanmou Man, who lived 1.7 million lived 1.7 million years ago.years ago.

Peking Man, who Peking Man, who existed more than existed more than 400,000 years ago, 400,000 years ago, could walk upright, could walk upright, make and use simple make and use simple tools, and make use tools, and make use of fire.of fire.

The Ancient PeriodThe Ancient Period

Why are we called “the descendants Why are we called “the descendants of Yan and Huang (of Yan and Huang ( 炎黄子孙炎黄子孙 )”?)”?

Chinese history began with two Chinese history began with two legendary figures—Emperor Huang legendary figures—Emperor Huang and Emperor Yan, who, together with and Emperor Yan, who, together with their tribes, inhabited the drainage their tribes, inhabited the drainage area along the middle reaches of the area along the middle reaches of the Yellow River. By the time of Xia Yellow River. By the time of Xia Dynasty, after centuries of living side Dynasty, after centuries of living side by side, these two tribes had by side, these two tribes had gradually merged into one. gradually merged into one. Consequently, the Chinese people Consequently, the Chinese people usually themselves “the descendants usually themselves “the descendants of Yan and Huang”.of Yan and Huang”.

Yu conquering the floodYu conquering the flood

Yu inspired people to dig Yu inspired people to dig ditches to divert water instead of ditches to divert water instead of building dams. He worked building dams. He worked ceaselessly for 13 years and ceaselessly for 13 years and succeeded in controlling the succeeded in controlling the floods.floods.


2. The period of Great Feudal Unity: The 2. The period of Great Feudal Unity: The Qin and Han DynastiesQin and Han Dynasties 封建大一统时期封建大一统时期————秦秦汉汉

(1)Qinshihuang, the First Emperor in Chinese (1)Qinshihuang, the First Emperor in Chinese HistoryHistory

(2)The Great Wall(2)The Great Wall

(3)Sima Qian and his (3)Sima Qian and his Records of the HistorianRecords of the Historian

(4) Zhang Heng, and his seismograph / (4) Zhang Heng, and his seismograph / seismoscopeseismoscope

(5) Zhang Zhongjing, the saint of medicine and (5) Zhang Zhongjing, the saint of medicine and Hua Tuo, the founder of surgeryHua Tuo, the founder of surgery

The First The First Emperor of Qin (Emperor of Qin (watch a movie)) He unified the Language, the He unified the Language, the

measurement system and the currency, measurement system and the currency, set up the prefectures and counties set up the prefectures and counties system, constructed the famous Great system, constructed the famous Great Wall and built extravagant palaces and Wall and built extravagant palaces and mausoleums.mausoleums.


3. The division of China once more 3. The division of China once more and the intermingling of ethnic and the intermingling of ethnic groups: The Three Kingdoms, the groups: The Three Kingdoms, the two Jin Dynasties and the Southern two Jin Dynasties and the Southern and Northern Dynasties.and Northern Dynasties.

封建国家的分裂和民族大融合封建国家的分裂和民族大融合————三国、两三国、两晋、南北朝晋、南北朝

Chao Cao, Zhuge LiangChao Cao, Zhuge Liang

Wang XizhiWang Xizhi, the saint of calligraphy , the saint of calligraphy


4. The heyday of Feudal Society: 4. The heyday of Feudal Society: The Sui and Tang DynastiesThe Sui and Tang Dynasties 封建社会封建社会的繁荣的繁荣————隋唐隋唐

(1) The Grand Canal of the Sui (1) The Grand Canal of the Sui DynastyDynasty

(2) Xuanzang(2) Xuanzang’’s Journey to the Wests Journey to the West

(3) Jianzhen Crosses the Ocean to (3) Jianzhen Crosses the Ocean to Japan Japan


5. The continued development of Feudal 5. The continued development of Feudal Society and the coexistence of ethnic Society and the coexistence of ethnic regimes:regimes:

The Five Dynasties, and the Liao, Song, The Five Dynasties, and the Liao, Song, Xia, Jin and Yuan DynastiesXia, Jin and Yuan Dynasties

封建社会的继续发展和民族政权并立时期封建社会的继续发展和民族政权并立时期————五代、辽、五代、辽、宋、夏、金、元宋、夏、金、元

(1)Yue Fei, Wen Tianxiang(1)Yue Fei, Wen Tianxiang(2)The Four Great Inventions(2)The Four Great Inventions(3)(3)Riversides scene on the Pure Brightness Riversides scene on the Pure Brightness

FestivalFestival(4) Sima Guang and the (4) Sima Guang and the Comprehensive Mirror Comprehensive Mirror

for Aid in Government for Aid in Government 《《资治通鉴资治通鉴》》


6. The period of further development 6. The period of further development of the unitary multi-ethnic country of the unitary multi-ethnic country and the decline of feudal society: The and the decline of feudal society: The Ming and Qing Dynasties (before the Ming and Qing Dynasties (before the opium war of 1840)opium war of 1840) 统一的多民族国家进统一的多民族国家进一步发展和封建社会由盛而衰时期明清（鸦一步发展和封建社会由盛而衰时期明清（鸦片战争以前）片战争以前）

Zhu Yuanzhang, Zheng He, Qi JiguangZhu Yuanzhang, Zheng He, Qi JiguangLi Shizhen and Li Shizhen and Bencao Gangmu Bencao Gangmu

(Compendium of Materia Medica)(Compendium of Materia Medica)


7. Modern Period7. Modern Period 近代中国近代中国(1) (1) Lin ZexuLin Zexu and the Destruction of and the Destruction of

Opium at HumenOpium at Humen

(2) The first Opium War(2) The first Opium War

(3) The May 4th Movement(3) The May 4th Movement


8. 8. Contemporary Period Contemporary Period 现代中国现代中国 You know much about this You know much about this

period.period.

Brief introduction to Brief introduction to Chinese SymbolsChinese Symbols

National DayNational Day National Emblem National Emblem National Anthem (InternationaleNational Anthem (Internationale

国际歌）国际歌） National Capital National Capital

Chinese celebrate October 1 as Chinese celebrate October 1 as National Day in honor of the National Day in honor of the founding of the Peoplefounding of the People’’s Republic of s Republic of China (PRC) on October 1, 1949.China (PRC) on October 1, 1949.

National DayNational Day

National FlagNational Flag

The red color of the flag symbolizes The red color of the flag symbolizes revolution and the yellow color of the stars revolution and the yellow color of the stars the golden brilliant rays radiating from the the golden brilliant rays radiating from the vast red land.vast red land.

The design of the four smaller stars The design of the four smaller stars surrounding a bigger one signifies the unity surrounding a bigger one signifies the unity of the Chinese people under the leadership of the Chinese people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.of the Communist Party of China.

National EmblemNational Emblem

Composed of patterns Composed of patterns of the national flag, of the national flag, the Tianthe Tian’’anmen anmen Rostrum, a wheel Rostrum, a wheel gear and ears of gear and ears of wheat, it symbolizes wheat, it symbolizes the New-Democratic the New-Democratic Revolution of the Revolution of the Chinese people since Chinese people since the May 4th the May 4th Movement in 1919 Movement in 1919 and the birth of New and the birth of New China.China.

National AnthemNational Anthem March of the VolunteersMarch of the Volunteers was written in 1935 and was written in 1935 and

was officially adopted as the national anthem of the was officially adopted as the national anthem of the PRC on December 4, 1982.PRC on December 4, 1982.

The lyrics of The lyrics of March of the VolunteersMarch of the Volunteers goes as goes as follow:follow:

Arise, ye who refuse to be slaves;Arise, ye who refuse to be slaves;

Let us amount our flesh and blood towards our new Let us amount our flesh and blood towards our new Great Wall!Great Wall! The Chinese nation faces its greatest peril, The Chinese nation faces its greatest peril, The thundering roar of our people will be heard! The thundering roar of our people will be heard!

Arise! Arise! Arise!Arise! Arise! Arise! We are many, but our hearts beat as one!We are many, but our hearts beat as one!

Selflessly braving the enemy’s gunfire, march on! Selflessly braving the enemy’s gunfire, march on! Selflessly braving the enemy’s gunfire, march on! Selflessly braving the enemy’s gunfire, march on! March on! March on! on! March on! March on! on!

National CapitalNational Capital

On September 27, On September 27, 1949, BeiPing was 1949, BeiPing was renamed as Beijing renamed as Beijing and became capital and became capital of the PRC.of the PRC.

Beijing is not only Beijing is not only the nationthe nation’’s s political centre, but political centre, but also serves as its also serves as its economic, scientific economic, scientific and cultural heart.and cultural heart.

GeographyGeography

Location and BoundaryLocation and Boundary TopographyTopography Rivers and LakesRivers and Lakes Climate Climate

Location and BoundaryLocation and Boundary

WhatWhat’’s the location of s the location of China in the Map?China in the Map?

Located in the east of the Asian Located in the east of the Asian continent, on the western shore continent, on the western shore of the Pacific ocean, the PRC has of the Pacific ocean, the PRC has a land area of about 9.6 million a land area of about 9.6 million sq km, and is the third largest sq km, and is the third largest country in the world, next only to country in the world, next only to Russia and Canada.Russia and Canada.

TopographyTopography

What are the features of What are the features of Chinese topography?Chinese topography?

China is a country of varied China is a country of varied topographical features with topographical features with highlands in the west and plains highlands in the west and plains in the east.in the east.

Taking a birdTaking a bird’’s-eye view of s-eye view of China, the terrain descends from China, the terrain descends from the west to east like a four-the west to east like a four-staircase:staircase:

1)1) Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Southwest China; (above 4000m)Southwest China; (above 4000m)

2)2) Inner Mongolia Plateau, the Loess Inner Mongolia Plateau, the Loess Plateau, the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, the Tarim BasinPlateau, the Tarim Basin （塔里木盆（塔里木盆地）地） , the Junggar Basin and , the Junggar Basin and Sichuan Basin; (1000m-2000m)Sichuan Basin; (1000m-2000m)

3)3) The Northeast Plain, the North The Northeast Plain, the North China Plain and the Middle-Lower China Plain and the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain; (500-1000m)Yangtze Plain; (500-1000m)

4)4) The continental shelfThe continental shelf

Rivers and LakesRivers and Lakes

More than 1,500 rivers each drain More than 1,500 rivers each drain 1,000 sq km or larger areas1,000 sq km or larger areas

Rich in water-power resourcesRich in water-power resources Exterior and interior river systemsExterior and interior river systems The Yangtze River and the Yellow The Yangtze River and the Yellow

RiverRiver 24,800 natural lakes24,800 natural lakes The Grand CanalThe Grand Canal

WhatWhat’’s your impression of s your impression of the Yangtze River?the Yangtze River?

The Yangtze River The Yangtze River is the longest river is the longest river in China; (6,300km)in China; (6,300km)

It flows through 11 It flows through 11 provinces, provinces, autonomous regions autonomous regions and municipalities.and municipalities.

It is one of the main It is one of the main artery of water artery of water transportation transportation between eastern and between eastern and western China.western China.

WhatWhat’’s your impression of s your impression of the Yellow River?the Yellow River?

The Yellow River is The Yellow River is ChinaChina’’s second s second longest river; longest river; (5,464 km)(5,464 km)

The most heavily The most heavily silt-laden river in silt-laden river in the world.the world.

The Yellow river The Yellow river catchment area is catchment area is an important base an important base for grains in China.for grains in China.

Anything about the Anything about the Grand Canal?Grand Canal?

The Grand Canal is The Grand Canal is also called also called Jinghang Canal Jinghang Canal (1,801 km)(1,801 km)

The canal was open The canal was open to navigation over to navigation over 1,000 years ago.1,000 years ago.

It passes through It passes through one city, four one city, four provinces and links provinces and links five major rivers.five major rivers.

ClimateClimate

A warm climate and distinct A warm climate and distinct seasonsseasons

Continental Continental monsoonmonsoon climate in climate in China:China:

1) cold and dry winters;1) cold and dry winters;

2) warm and humid summers;2) warm and humid summers;

Administrative Divisions (5 Administrative Divisions (5 minutes)minutes)

Three-tier system (Three-tier system ( 三级建制三级建制 ), ), dividing the nation into provinces, dividing the nation into provinces, counties and townshipscounties and townships ；；

At present China has 23 At present China has 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities and two special 4 municipalities and two special administrative regions (SARadministrative regions (SAR ：特别：特别行政区行政区 ))

Population (5 minutes)Population (5 minutes)

More recent data using sampling by More recent data using sampling by the National Bureau of Statistics the National Bureau of Statistics announced that at the end of 2005, announced that at the end of 2005, the population of China was 1,307.56 the population of China was 1,307.56 million.million.

What is What is ““one child policyone child policy””??

It is a policy of family planning, It is a policy of family planning, hoping to control the population hoping to control the population increase, improve population quality. increase, improve population quality.

Distribution of the Ethnic Distribution of the Ethnic groups groups

(10 minutes)(10 minutes) 56 ethnic groups (Han, 91.59%)56 ethnic groups (Han, 91.59%) According to the fifth national census According to the fifth national census

conducted in 2000, the population of all conducted in 2000, the population of all the 55 minority ethnic groups totaled the 55 minority ethnic groups totaled 106,43 million, accounting for 8.41 106,43 million, accounting for 8.41 percent of the total population of China.percent of the total population of China.

What is the ethnic policy in China?What is the ethnic policy in China? Equality, unity, mutual assistance and Equality, unity, mutual assistance and

common prosperity are the basic common prosperity are the basic principles of the Chinese government in principles of the Chinese government in handling the relations between ethnic handling the relations between ethnic groups.groups.

Guess what ethnic Guess what ethnic group are they from?group are they from?

DongDong

YiYi

TujiaTujia

LiLi

MiaoMiao

The Political System (5 The Political System (5 minutes)minutes)

The Constitution of the PeopleThe Constitution of the People’’s Republic of s Republic of China is the fundamental law of the state.China is the fundamental law of the state.

The NPC is the highest organ of state power.The NPC is the highest organ of state power. The Communist Party is the sole party in The Communist Party is the sole party in

power in China. Apart from it, there are eight power in China. Apart from it, there are eight democratic parties in China.democratic parties in China.

The State Council, or the Central PeopleThe State Council, or the Central People’’s s Government, of the PeopleGovernment, of the People’’s Republic of s Republic of China is the executive body of the highest China is the executive body of the highest organ of state power and the highest organ of organ of state power and the highest organ of state administration.state administration.

Economic Development and Economic Development and ReformReform

What is GDP?What is GDP? Gross domestic product, the total Gross domestic product, the total

market value of all the goods and market value of all the goods and services produced in a country in services produced in a country in a specific period. (13,687.59 a specific period. (13,687.59 billion RMB in 2004)billion RMB in 2004)

Economic reformEconomic reform and and opening-up opening-up are the two fundamental State are the two fundamental State policies of China. policies of China.

StudentsStudents’’ Presentation Presentation(20 minutes) (20 minutes)

Please do brief introduction to Please do brief introduction to your hometownyour hometown ，， including the including the details about the location, details about the location, population, climate, the main population, climate, the main scenesscenes ，， etc.etc.

First in pairs and to the whole First in pairs and to the whole class.class.

HomeworkHomework

Please prepare for next classPlease prepare for next class’’ presentation.presentation.

Time : 10 minutes (Followed by 5-Time : 10 minutes (Followed by 5-minuteminute’’s comments from other s comments from other students)students)

Topic: any Chinese festivals except Topic: any Chinese festivals except the Spring Festival, the Mid-autumn the Spring Festival, the Mid-autumn Festival and the Lantern Festival. Festival and the Lantern Festival.

Arrangement: two or three students Arrangement: two or three students each time.each time.

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An Overview A Glimpse of Traditional Chinese Culture