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 An Introduction To Wireless Network

&Wireless Fidelity

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WHAT A WIRELESS NETWORK

IS ?

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Wireless Network Wireless Network  refers to any type of 

NETWORK that is WIRELESS.

It refers to a COMMU NI CAT I O N 

NE T W ORK which is interconnected

between nodes that are implemented

without the use of wires.

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Need For a Wireless Network

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Today most of ushave devices suchas a desktop, a

laptop, PDA or acell phone. Thedata are oftenScattered between

these devices & we require thesedata¶s most of thetime.

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HISTORY

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Wireless networks have significantlyimpacted the world as far back as

World War II. With the use of wireless networks, informationcould be sent overseas or behindenemy lines easily and quickly and

was more reliable.

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USES

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Cellular phones are part of huge wireless networksystems.

Sending information over seas is only possiblethrough wireless network systems using satellites.

Emergency services such as the policedepartment utilize wireless networks tocommunicate important information quickly.

People and businesses use wireless networks tosend and share data quickly whether it be in a

small office building or across the world.

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TYPES OF WIR ELESS NETWORKS

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Wireless LAN

Global system for Mobile Communication(GSM)

Personal Communications Service (PCS)

Fixed Wireless Data

Wi-Fi

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Wireless LAN:

 A wireless L AN or WL AN is a wireless local area network , which is the linking of two or 

more computers without using wires. WLANutilizes spread-spectrum or orthogonalfrequency-division multiplexing ( OFDM)modulation technology based on radio wavesto enable communication between devices in alimited area, also known as the basic service

set. This gives users the mobility to movearound within a broad coverage area and still beconnected to the network.

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Global system for Mobile

Communication (GSM):

GSM is a cellular network, which means thatmobile phones connect to it by searching for cells in the immediate vicinity. GSM networksoperate in four different frequency ranges.Most GSM networks operate in the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz bands. Some countries in the Americas (including Canada and the UnitedStates) use the 850 MHz and 1900 MHz bandsbecause the 900 and 1800 MHz frequency

bands were already allocated.

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Personal Communications Service

(PCS):

Personal Communications Service or PCS is

the name for the 1900-MHz radio band used for 

digital mobile phone services in Canada,

Mexico and the United States.

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Fixed Wireless:

Fixed Wireless is the operation of wireless

devices or systems used to connect two fixed

locations (e.g., buildings) with a radio or other 

wireless link, such as Laser bridge.

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Wi-Fi:

Wi-Fi i.e. Wireless Fidelity is a wirelesstechnology that uses radio frequency totransmit data through the air.

Wi-Fi refers to a type of Ethernetspecified under the IEEE 802.11a andIEEE 802.11b Standards for LANs

operating in the 5-GHZ and 2.4-GHzunlicensed frequency bands respectively.

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STANDARDS

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IEEE 802.11a ±5GHz ± 54Mbps

802.11a transmits at 5GHz and can move up to54 megabits of data per second. It also usesorthogonal frequency-division multiplexing

(OFDM), a more efficient coding technique thatsplits the radio signal into several sub-signalsbefore they reach a receiver. This greatlyreduces interference.

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IEEE 802.11b ±2.4GHz ± 11Mbps

802.11b is the slowest and least

expensive standard. For a while, its cost

made it popular, but now it's becoming less

common as faster standards become less

expensive. 802.11b transmits in the 2.4 GHz

frequency band of the radio spectrum. It can

handle up to 11 megabits of data per second,and it uses complimentary code keying (CCK)

coding.

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Wireless Network Components

Access Points

NICs ± Network Interface Cards

PCMCI

A USB

PCI

Compact Flash

Other Wireless Devices Bridges and R outers

Print Servers

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WIRELESS ROUTER

 A wireless router uses an antenna to send signals to

wireless devices and a wire to send signals to the

Internet.

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USB wirelessadapter and PC wireless card

Wirelessadapters can plug into a 

computer's PCcard slot or USB

port.

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Connecting To a Legacy Network

AccessPointsconnectthewirelessnetwork to

the legacynetwork.

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 A computer's wireless adapter 

translates data into a radio signal and

transmits it using an antenna.  A wireless ROUTER receives the signal

and decodes it. It sends the information

to the Internet using a physical, wired

ETHERNET connection.

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R ANGE

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Most routers provide

coverage for about

100 feet (30.5

meters) in alldirections, although

walls and doors can

block the signal.

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SECURITY

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Security is an important part of a home wireless

network, as well as public Wi-Fi hotspots. If we

set our own router to create an open hotspot,

anyone who has a wireless card will be able touse your signal. Most people would rather keep

strangers out of their network, though. Doing so

requires to take a few security precautions.

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Wired Equivalency Privacy (WEP)

Wired Equivalency Privacy (WEP) uses 64-bit

or 128-bit encryption. 128-bit encryption is the

more secure option. Anyone who wants to use a

WEP-enabled network has to know the WEPkey, which is usually a numerical password.

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Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)

Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a step up

from WEP and is now part of the 802.11i

wireless network security protocol. It uses

temporal key integrity protocol encryption. Aswith WEP, WPA security involves signing on

with a password. Most public hotspots are either 

open or use WPA or 128-bit WEP technology.

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Media Access Control (MAC)

Media Access Control (MAC) address filteringis a little different from WEP or WPA. It doesn'tuse a password to authenticate users -- it usesa computer's physical hardware. Each computer has its own unique MAC address. MAC addressfiltering allows only machines with specific MACaddresses to access the network. You mustspecify which addresses are allowed when youset up your router. This method is very secure,

but if you buy a new computer or if visitors toyour home want to use your network, you'llneed to add the new machines' MAC addressesto the list of approved addresses.

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Other Comparable Technologies

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HPNA is Phone Line Networking. HPNAallows you to transmit data over normalphone lines at the same time you use that

phone for voice calls and DSL.

HPNA v2.0 runs at 10Mbps over astandard phone line. V3.0 is coming soonand delivers 100Mbps. If you currentlyhave a lot of phone lines running throughyour facility this may be an option toconsider.

HPNA

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Bluetooth  ± 802.15

Bluetooth is the standard for wireless

personal area networks or WPAN. It

allows high speed transmission of dataover very short distances. Bluetooth is

normally used for transferring data

between laptops, or in Internet Kiosk type

applications where roaming is notneeded.

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Conclusion

Wi-Fi is a certification of interoperability for IEEE 802.11b

systems awarded by the Wi-FiAlliance. A Wi-Fi seal indicates that adevice has passed throughindependent tests and can be safely

interoperated with all other certifieddevices.

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REFERENCES

Internet Source:www.wikipedia.orgwww.howstuffworks.comwww.esnips.com

Book source:Digit¶s FAST TR ACK TO WIR ELESSNETWORKSMay 2005

By Sachin Kalbag & Aliasgar Pardawala

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THANK YOU