An Introduction to the Psychology of Architecture.doc

8/14/2019 An Introduction to the Psychology of Architecture.doc

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An Introduction to thePsychology of Architecture

By Edward Merkus

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION2. WHERE IT ALL BEGAN3. THE DOGON

4. SIMILAR IDEAS IN WESTERN ARCHITECTUREa.The Christian Church

5. SPACE AND THE ARCHETYPES IN THE HOME

a.T! E"tre#es !$ S%ace&.S%ace an' Architecturec.Archet(%es in the H!#e'.The H!use P)an as Man'a)a

6. *RAN+ LLOYD WRIGHT, ARCHITECTURE AS AN E-PRESSION O*INDIIDUATION

7. CONCLUSION

8. BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. INTRODUCTION

A)th!u/h the su&0ect !$ this %a%er is an ana)(sis !$ &ui)'in/ as an e"a#%)e!$ a s%!ntane!us c!ntent $r!# the unc!nsci!us1 I '! n!t c!nsi'er it t! &ein an( a( c!ncerne' ith the &r!a' an' c!#%)e" $ie)' !$%s(ch!%ath!)!/(. The a%%r!ach I ish t! !ut)ine there$!re 'ea)s #ain)(ith %s(ch!)!/ica) /r!th an' s%iritua) aareness. As an architect I can!n)( 'ea) ith the &ui)'in/ !$ %ers!na)it(1 in'ee' the hea)in/ !$ %ers!na)it(#ust &e )e$t t! the s%ecia)ist %ractiti!ners h! 'ea) ith #enta) i))ness at

its 'ee%est )e2e)s.


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The #an( (ears !$ !r3in/ as an architect &!th as e#%)!(ee an' %ri2ate%ractice has )e' #e t! this 0uncture here the stan'ar' a%%r!ach t!architectura) %ractice cann!t satis$(1 n!t !n)( #( !n architectura)

instincts1 &ut a)s! that !$ #( c)ient4s. It is a)#!st ith!ut '!u&t that ac)ient i)) a%%r!ach an architect $!r a &ui)'in/ ith a 5uite e)a&!rate#enta) i#a/e in their #in's. It is this i#a/e that I ha2e &ec!#e #!rean' #!re c!ncerne' ith !2er the (ears. It is true that #an( c)ients seethe !r3 !$ an architect in a #a/a6ine !r &r!chure an' se)ect the architect!n this &asis. The st()e !$ architectura) !r3 create' &( a %articu)ararchitect #a( c!rres%!n' t! the i#a/e the c)ient has1 an' a %re,esta&)ishe' %re$erence #a( e"ist %ri!r t! the $irst c!nsu)tati!n.

The architectura) %)an is &( nature a %atterne' arran/e#ent !$ s%aces1a))s an' c!)u#ns. This #a( &e h( #an( %e!%)e ith!ut an(architectura) trainin/ ha2e 'i$$icu)t( rea'in/ %)ans. P)ans are at #!st anarra( !$ )ines an' n!tati!ns !$ an a&stract nature. It is this 5ua)it( thatentices the %artici%ati!n &( the unc!nsci!us c!#%!nent !$ the %s(che.

I inten' t! sh! thr!u/h e"a#%)es an' #ateria) $r!# !ther $ie)'s1 thatthere are %atterns1 hich e#er/e in an in'i2i'ua)7s )i$e1 an' these %atternscan &e e"%)!re' thr!u/h architectura) 'esi/n. I a)s! ish t! sh! h!

architectura) 'esi/n %)a(s an i#%!rtant %art in e2er(!ne4s )i$e $r!# thes#a))est chi)' an' their i'ea !$ a cu&&( h!use1 t! the )!$tiest i'ea)s !$s%irit an' the !rshi% !$ 'eities. Architecture is in'ee' !ne !$ the n!&)este"a#%)es !$ the s%irit in #an. Sch!%enhauer e"%)ains8

Once e ha2e un'erst!!' that i'ea as #!ti2e is n!t a necessar( an' essentia)c!n'iti!n !$ the acti2it( !$ the i))1 e sha)) #!re easi)( rec!/nise the acti2it( !$the i)) in cases here it is )ess a%%arent. *!r e"a#%)e1 e sha)) n! #!re attri&ute

the snai)4s she)) t! a i)) $!rei/n t! the snai) &ut 'irecte' &( 3n!)e'/e1 than esha)) thin3 that the h!use hich e !urse)2es &ui)' c!#es int! &ein/ thr!u/h i))

!ther than !ur !n9 &ut e sha)) rec!/nise &!th h!uses as the !r3 !$ a i))

hich !&0ecti$ies itse)$ in &!th %hen!#en!n , a i)) hich in us !r3s acc!r'in/ t!#!ti2es1 &ut in the snai) sti)) !r3s !n)( &)in')( as creati2e instinct hich is'irecte' !utar's. In us1 t!!1 the sa#e i)) !%erates &)in')( in #an( a(s8 in a))!ur &!'i)( $uncti!ns hich are n!t 'irecte' &( 3n!)e'/e1 in a)) its 2ita) an'2e/etati2e %r!cesses1 'i/esti!n1 circu)ati!n1 secreti!n1 /r!th1 re%r!'ucti!n.:;


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The #!st &eauti$u) an' !n'r!us as%ect!$ )i$e is that e2er( !ne !$ us has )i2e' an'&een nurture' in the sa#e h!#e1 the#aterna) !#&. It is this $act that n!t!n)( %)aces us ith !ther #a##a)s1 &ut

a)s! a$$ects !ur %s(ch!)!/( in the%r!$!un'est a(s. S(#&!)ica))(1 the !#&re%resents a 2ariet( !$ #eta%h!rs1 a $ier($urnace1 an !2en1 her#etic 2esse):=


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Dogon Home

Plan and Section of Typical Home

The t(%ica) D!/!n h!use in %)an is #!'e))e' !n the hu#an $e#a)e $!r#.The 3itchen is r!un' an' re%resents the res%irat!r( !r/an an' the hea'.The #ain )i2in/ area is the &!'( ith t! st!ra/e s%aces t! either si'e.The entrance !$ the h!use is in the )!er %art !$ the a&'!#en an'

re%resents the 2u)2a !$ the !#an. As the D!/!n are #ar3in/ the %)an !nthe /r!un'1 an O/!te##e)i1 an !)' D!/!n sa/e1 enacts a series !$c!#%)e" ritua)s an' $r!# this the h!use is &ui)t.

It is interestin/ t! n!te that the D!/!n h!use has n! in'!s there$!re itis 5uite 'ar3 insi'e1 the intenti!n &ein/ that the interi!r is 'istinct1enc)!se' an' %resu#a&)( c!!)er1 in c!ntrast t! the e"teri!r hich is )i/ht1h!t an' !%en. A #an as as3e' 'urin/ the c!nstructi!n !$ his h!use h(there ere n! in'!s9 his anser as An(&!'( h! ants )i/ht can /!!utsi'e. In the h!use it sh!u)' &e 'ar3. Its &etter that a(.

As the status !$ the #an in the c!##unit( 'e2e)!%s1 he #a( &ui)' thene"t sta/e in the $!r# !$ a 'i2ine c!u%)e.

It is a)s! the uni2ersa) arch 'escen'e' $r!# the hea2ens t! re!r/anise

creati!n. The $!ur #ain s%aces /r!u%e' ar!un' the %rinci%a) !ne are the $!urancestra) c!u%)es >these t!/ether ith the ani#a)s1 %)ants1 #inera)s an'

N!##!:


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The Ginna !r $a#i)( %atriarch4s h!use is N!##! in $!r#. N!##! #eanin/the i'ea) %air )(in/ !n their si'es %r!creatin/. The h!)e %)an !$ the h!useis c!ntaine' ithin an !2a)1 hich re%resents the uni2ersa) arch1 $r!#hich a)) s%ace an' a)) &ein/s e#er/e.

The D!/!n %e!%)e ha2e n! se%arati!n &eteen their s%iritua) an'#(th!)!/ica) ancestr( an' their e2er('a( )i$e. T! the#1 nature an' theirs%iritua) 4arch4 are !ne an' a)) )i$e is %er#eate' &( this &e)ie$. I$ e )!!3 atthe nature !$ their h!#es1 it sh!s a 2er( interestin/ %attern !$&eha2i!ur. The %)an is a !#an )(in/ '!n9 the entrance t! the h!use isthe entrance t! the #aterna) !#&. In'ee'1 the h!use is a c!ntainer !$%s(chic )i$e. This is a uni2ersa) i'ea that e"ists in #an( cu)tures. Theh!use is a s%iritua)ise' re%r!'ucti!n !$ the !ri/ina) h!#e1 that is1 the#aterna) !#&. The Ginna h!use !n the !ther han' is a re%r!'ucti!n !$

n!t a sin/)e %ers!n1 &ut an i'ea) %air. That is the !ri/ina) %arenta)auth!rities1 the #!ther an' $ather !$ a)) creati!n. The $irst t(%e a %re,&irthre%r!'ucti!n !$ the !ri/ina) h!#e1 the #aterna) !#&1 the sec!n'1 %!st,&irth an' resi'in/ ithin the i'ea) %air.

&. SI'I"AR IDEAS IN ESTERN ARC!ITECTURE

(.The Christi(n Church

Winchester Cathedral

Let us ta3e the e"a#%)e !$ the Christian D!/#a. The Trinit( c!nsists !$*ather1 S!n1 an' H!)( Gh!st1 h! is re%resente' &( the &ir' !$ Astarte1the '!2e1 an' h! in ear)( Christian ti#es as ca))e' S!%hia an' th!u/ht!$ as $e#inine. The !rshi% !$ Mar( in the )ater Church is an !&2i!ussu&stitute $!r this. Here e ha2e the archet(%e !$ the $a#i)( in asu%race)estia) %)ace7 as P)at! e"%resses it1 enthr!ne' as a $!r#u)ati!n !$the u)ti#ate #(ster(. Christ is the &ri'e/r!!#1 the Church is the &ri'e1an' the &a%tis#a) $!nt is the !#& !$ the Church1 as it is ca))e' in the


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te"t !$ the Benedictio fontis The h!)( ater has sa)t %ut int! it1 ith thei'ea !$ #a3in/ it )i3e the a#ni!tic $)ui'1 !r )i3e sea ater.:F


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&!un'aries. It is this rea)# an' its re)ati!nshi% t! the &!un')ess e"tensi!n!$ s%ace that architecture c!ncerns itse)$ ith.

Hu#ans are certain)( n!t a)!ne in the c!nstructi!n an' enc)!sin/ !$ s%ace.

We can sche#atica))( cate/!rise the creatures that )i2e !n the earth int!three /r!u%s. The $irst are th!se creatures that /ra6e !n the )an'sca%e !rsi# in the !cean. The( #a3e n! she)ter an' r!a# $r!# %)ace t! %)ace insearch !$ $!!'. Ani#a)s such as shee%1 c!s1 )i!ns1 ti/ers1 $ish1 ha)es1'!)%hins etc. These creatures '! n!t ha2e c)!se' &!un'aries )i3e a))s !rshe))s. The &!un'aries are /enera))( 'istant an' ta3e the $!r# !$ $ences1ri2ers1 !ceans1 #!untains an' the )i3e. The sec!n' cate/!r( inc)u'escreatures that &urr! int! the earth. Their s%ace is /enera))( 5uiteenc)!se' an' 'ar3. It !$$ers %r!tecti!n a/ainst %re'at!rs1 heat an' c!)'1)i/ht1 $ire etc.

The thir' an' #!st interestin/ cate/!r( is the creatures that create their!n s%ace. This cate/!r( is sur%risin/ in the $act that it '!es n!t )i#ititse)$ t! an( %articu)ar s%ecies. Bees create the #!st e)a&!rate structure$!r their c!)!nies. S! t!1 #e#&ers !$ the ant $a#i)(1 %articu)ar)( ter#ites.Bea2ers create the )!2e)iest !$ structures ca))e' 'ens. The( are usua))(&ui)t !n t!% !$ a 'a# that the &ea2ers create' t! ca%ture a rea'( s!urce!$ $!!'. The Den has t! entrances1 !ne at the &!tt!# !$ the structureith 'irect access t! the ater9 the !ther is hi/h an' 'r( in the structure.Other e"a#%)es inc)u'e crustaceans that create she))s.

A su& cate/!r( t! the creatures that create their !n s%aces are th!sethat /r! there h!#e as either %art !$ their !n %h(sica) structure !r asan !uter she)) $!r %r!tecti!n. This !u)' inc)u'e turt)es1 cra&s1crustaceans1 insects etc. A h(&ri' an' )ess !&2i!us e"a#%)e !u)' &eth!se creatures that ha2e 'e2e)!%e' a har' an' t!u/h e"teri!r she)) suchas the s3in !$ a cr!c!'i)e.:


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s%ace is the &athr!!#.

The &athr!!# is a et en2ir!n#ent an' is 'esi/ne' as such ithi#%er2i!us #ateria)s an' 'raina/e in the $)!!r. The %)aces e actua))( /et

et !urse)2es are the sh!er an' #!re i#%!rtant)(1 the &ath. It is in'ee'the &ath that has a)) the s(#&!)is# attache' t! it thr!u/h (ears !$ritua)istic use. It is the %)ace here e c)eanse !urse)2es1 here e)an/uish in ar# ater1 e rest1 e re0u2enate an' e e#er/e renee'.The &ath a)s! re#in's !ne !$ c!!3in/ !r incu&atin/ as a $!etus '!es in the!#&. In a)che#( the &ath %)a(s a hi/h)( si/ni$icant r!)e intrans$!r#ati!n1 c)eansin/ an' renea). There are nu#er!us i#a/es !$Mercurius &ein/ c!!3e' in the &ath unti) the s%irit !r hite '!2e ascen's1the &r!ther an' sister %air in the &ath !$ )i$e1 the con+unction!$ s!u) an'&!'( in the #arria/e &ath an' the 3in/ an' 5ueen in the &ath !$ the

%hi)!s!%hers :J


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The h!use %)an is 'ia/ra##atic re%resentati!n !$ the /r!un' %)ane !$ a&ui)'in/. Technica))( it is 2ie !$ a &ui)'in/ !r %r!%!se' &ui)'in/ cutthr!u/h the a))s %ara))e) t! the /r!un' %)ane !ne #etre a&!2e the $)!!ran' 2iee' $r!# a&!2e. The %)an is &( nature an a&stracti!n !$ the s%acest! &e c!nstructe' in three 'i#ensi!ns.

*illa !otunda Palladio *incen,a #$$-

There are #an( in$)uences !n s%acesan' their re)ati!nshi% t! each !ther ina h!use. These inc)u'e en2ir!n#enta)1site c!n$i/urati!n1 re)ati!nshi% t! !thers%aces1 )!ca) auth!rit( /ui'e)ines1 an'%s(ch!)!/ica) %re$erences. On rare!ccasi!ns1 there are &ui)'in/s

c!nstructe' $r!# an i'ea)ise' an'#an'a)a %atterne' %)an. This 2i))aca))e' i))a R!tun'a &( An'rea Pa))a'i!

is an e"ce))ent e"a#%)e !$ the en2ir!n#enta) an' !ther in$)uences /i2ensec!n'ar( i#%!rtance t! %s(ch!)!/ica) c!nsi'erati!ns1 that is1 the %urit(!$ the i'ea).

*illa !otunda Plan *iew

We can thus sa( that the %)an !$ a

h!use has the a&!2e,#enti!ne'in$)uences !r3in/ !n the 'esi/n in2ar(in/ 'e/rees. It is un)i3e)( thatthe %s(ch!)!/ica) in$)uence can &eru)e' !ut entire)( in the 'esi/n%r!cess. As a c!nse5uence therei)) &e s!#e traces !$ the %ers!na)'is%!siti!n !$ the 'esi/ner in the%)an an' !2era)) 'esi/n !$ theh!use. This !u)' e"%)ain h( a

h!use 'esi/ne' &( *ran3 L)!('Wri/ht is 5uite 'i$$erent $r!# a h!use 'esi/ne' &( Mies an 'er R!he.

.nterior *iew of Centre Space

I$ e 2ie the %)an !$ a h!use ith a%s(ch!)!/ica) e(e e can see s!#einterestin/ si#i)arities. *!r e"a#%)ethe centre !$ a Wri/ht h!use is ith

2er( $e e"ce%ti!ns1 !ccu%ie' &( a$ire%)ace. Other 'esi/ners )!cate the


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3itchen in the centre &e)ie2in/ that the %re%arati!n !$$!!' an' the s!cia) as%ect !$ this nurturin/ &e thecentra) acti2it( in the h!#e. The architectura) %)an canin'ee' she' #uch )i/ht !n the %s(ch!)!/ica) as%ects !$the 'esi/ner.

0. RAN ""O*D RI$!T3 ARC!ITECTURE AS AN E4PRESSION OINDI5IDUATION'rank /loyd Wright in #%-0

1607 to 1898*ran3 L)!(' Wri/ht as &!rn !n une K1 ;KF1 in Rich)an' Centre1Wisc!nsin1 t! Anna L)!(',!nes Wri/ht1 a teacher h!se )ar/e We)sh$a#i)( !$ $ar#ers an' #inisters sett)e' the 2a))e( that &eca#e Ta)iesin1an' Wi))ia# Russe)) Car( Wri/ht1 a %reacher an' #usician. An ear)(in$)uence as his c)er/(#an $ather4s %)a(in/ !$ Bach an' Beeth!2en.>Later !n Wri/ht !u)' #a3e c!#%aris!ns t! #usic an' architecture in

re)ati!n t! the #athe#atica) as%ects !$ &!th.?

Be$!re her s!n as &!rn1 Anna ha' 'eci'e' that her s!n as /!in/ t! &e a/reat architect. She %)ace' %ictures !$ &ui)'in/s in his nurser( an'&e'r!!# 'urin/ his (!un/er (ears t! ins%ire hi# t! &ec!#e an architect.Usin/ *r!e&e)4s /e!#etric &)!c3s t! entertain an' e'ucate her s!n1 (!un/*ran3 as /i2en $ree run !$ the %)a(r!!# $i))e' ith %aste1 %a%er1 an'

car'&!ar'. E"ce%t $!r %eri!'s !$ se2era) #!nths at a ti#e1 he c!ntinue' t!)i2e ith !r near his #!ther unti) her 'eath in ;[email protected] /ra'es ere n!t !utstan'in/ as a stu'ent an' he 'r!%%e' !ut !$ hi/hsch!!) t! ta3e a 0!& in an architectura) !$$ice hen his %arents 'i2!rce' !nA%ri) =1 ;KK. His $ather 'ee'e' the h!use !2er t! his #!ther an' )e$t.*ran3 ne2er sa hi# a/ain.In ;KKJ1 at a/e ==1 Wri/ht #arrie' Catherine Lee T!&in1 a/e ;K1 the'au/hter !$ a ea)th( &usiness#an1 an' ac5uire' s!cia) an' architectura)cre'entia)s t! &ec!#e an u%%er #i'')e c)ass %r!$essi!na) in his #i',tenties.

Cheney !ouse 189%


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Cheney House #%-1 Perspecti2e

Cheney House Plan

This as a 2er( sta&)e an' a %eri!' !$ /r!th in Wri/ht7s )i$e. He ha' athri2in/ Architectura) %ractice1 a )ar/e $a#i)( an' acti2e s!cia) )i$e. TheChene( h!use as sh!n here re$)ects this sta&i)it( an' !r'er in its Man'a)a

)i3e %)an. The characteristics !$ the h!use ere re)ati2e)( ne $!r thatti#e. The( inc)u'e hat Wri/ht hi#se)$ ter#e'1 the 'estructi!n !$ the&!" an' the !%enin/ !$ the interi!r !ut int! the )an'sca%e. At the centre!$ the h!use is the a)),i#%!rtant $ire%)ace hich &eca#e a c!nsistent$eature in Wri/ht7s h!uses. I$ e )!!3 at the centra) hearth $!r #!#ent ecan see its s(#&!)ic si/ni$icance $!r Wri/ht. The Hearth7s %h(sica)characteristics are as $!))!s8

1. C!ntainer $!r creatin/ ar#th2. Gi2es a s!$t ar# )i/ht

3. Pr!2i'es a c!nsistent s!un' !$ crac3)in/

4. The $ire c!nsu#es its $ue)


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5. I$ the $ire is c!ntr!))e' it is %!siti2e an' &ene$icia)1 i$ n!t can &e 2er(

'estructi2e.6. *ire c!n2erts >se%arates? #atter t! car&!n,&ase' ash1 2ari!us

/ases1 heat an' )i/ht.7. *ire trans$!r#s Earth >!!'? int! Air an' Earth

8. *ire can &e c!ntr!))e' ith ater.The s(#&!)ic si/ni$icance !$ the hearth is $ar,reachin/ an' a))enc!#%assin/. The ancient Chinese an' E/(%tians re)ate $ire t! s!)ar ritesan' ass!ciate $ire ith )i$e an' hea)th. The a)che#ists ha' the n!ti!n that$ire as the a/ent !$ trans#utati!n an' re/enerati!n. *!r s!#e %ri#iti2e%e!%)e $ire is a 'e#iur/e e#anatin/ $r!# the sun1 h!se earth)(re%resentati2e it as9 hence it is re)ate' !n the !ne han' ith the ra( !$)i/ht an' )i/htnin/1 an' !n the han'1 ith /!)'. Other %ri#iti2e %e!%)e2ie the s!u) as a $ire !r $)a#e1 &ecause ar#th is )i3eise a si/n !$ )i$e. :;)! c!st? h!#es ith see%in/ $)atr!!2es an' #as!nr( c!res. The $ire%)ace #!2e' &ac3 t! its %i2!ta) %!siti!nan' the interi!r s%ace !nce a/ain !%ens t! the )an'sca%e. Li$e &eca#esta&)e $!r Wri/ht ith the su%%!rt !$ O)/i2anna. In ;J@ Wri/ht !u)''esi/n %!ssi&)( !ne !$ the &est h!uses !$ his career1 i$ n!t his #!st e))3n!n h!use1 *a))in/ater.

(lling+(ter 18%)


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E)terior from Creek

The site ch!sen $!r the h!use as 5uite si/ni$icant $!r the c)ient E'/ar +au$#an. He t!)' Wri/ht that he ha' a s%ecia) r!c3 here he !u)' sitan' 2ie the cree3 an' ater$a)). Wri/ht su&se5uent)( t!!3 thisin$!r#ati!n an' 'esi/ne' a h!use ith the r!c3 %r!tru'in/ insi'e an' in

$r!nt !$ the $ire%)ace. A/ain1 e ha2e a situati!n here Wri/ht c!#&ine'the $!ur e)e#ents in an interestin/ a(. The hearth is !nce a/ain %i2!ta)in the 'esi/n. The $ire an' $ue) re#ain unchan/e'. The natura) r!c3>earth? en2ir!n#ent is /i2en $eature %r!#inence in $r!nt !$ the hearth.St!ne has !$ c!urse a)che#ica) si/ni$icance. The !ther #a0!r a''iti!n isthe s%herica) 3ett)e ne"t t! the hearth hich is sus%en'e' !n a %i2!tin/ar# t! #!2e the 3ett)e 'irect)( !2er the $)a#es !$ the $ire. Wri/ht hashere rec!/nise' the ne"t ste% in c!#&inin/ the e)e#ents. We a)) 3n!that ater e"tin/uishes $ire an' an inter#e'iar( su&stance is re5uire' t!c!#&ine their res%ecti2e e$$ects. In this case the s%herica) 3ett)e a))!s

the ater t! &e e$$ecte' &( the $ire ith!ut chan/in/ the $ire.


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.nterior /i2ing room

'allingwater 5round 'loor Plan

18&6 to 18)8Durin/ this %eri!' an' the %rece'in/ t! 'eca'es1 Wri/ht s%!3e an'r!te s! $re5uent)( that it 'a#a/e' his cre'i&i)it(. His st()e !&scure' hissu&stance an' his !utra/e!us re#ar3s1 es!teric 0ar/!n1 an' a&(s#a)%r!se $!stere' #isun'erstan'in/ an' 'is#issa). He %ushe' his %hi)!s!%h(

!$ Or/anic Architecture &e(!n' that !$ architecture itse)$ an' %r!%!se' itas a %hi)!s!%h( !$ )i$e. The creati2e $acu)ties !$ the hu#an race1 he t!)'a stu'ent /r!u% in ;J1 are inti#ate)( )in3e' t! the re)ati!nshi% !$ #ant! the c!s#!s. This transcen'enta) &e)ie$ that the artistic si'e !$hu#anit( re%resente' its 'i2init( )e' Wri/ht t! insist that a 3in' !$structure a c!herent %attern characterise' a)) )i$e8 Or/anicarchitecture $ee)s at h!#e ith the i'ea) !$ unit(1 he !nce re#ar3e'. One!$ the t! 3e( !r's in his %hi)!s!%hica) 2!ca&u)ar(1 in $act1 as unit( a'e$inin/ attri&ute !$ the sec!n' !r'1 nature1 $r!# hich e2er(thin/e)se $)!e'. The t! &eca#e !ne in !r/anic structure hich &r!u/ht

c!s#ic unit( t! natura) 2ariet( an' as1 Wri/ht &e)ie2e'1 a %r!%er &asis$!r a)) s!cia) re)ati!ns.


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Wri/ht7s aareness !$ his !n unit( as e2er(here t! &e seen. In aninter2ie he state' that he ne2er )!st site !$ his (!uth an' in'ee' it as

necessar( $!r hi# t! retain that (!uth1 e2en int! !)' a/e. The &ui)'in/s !$Wri/ht7s $ina) (ears sh! h! he &e)ie2e' this i'ea an' e"%resse' it in his!r3. The #an'a)a )i3e aesthetic !$ the Gree3 Orth!'!" Church isun#ista3ea&)e. N!t !n)( is this church a #an'a)a in %)an1 its e"terna)sha%e !u)' in'icate s!#e a$$init( ith the archet(%a) $)(in/ saucer. Ire$er the rea'er t! *)(in/ Saucers A M!'ern M(th !$ Thin/s Seen in theS3ies:;=


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Huntington Play !esort 6#%$%7 8n4uiltWri/ht intuiti2e)( e"%resse' his %s(chic state in his architectura) !r3. Hisa&i)it( t! re$)ect !n his state as %!!r h!e2er. He !nce t!)' a $rien' thatthe reas!n he t!!3 !ut the &ac3 in'! !$ his car an' $i))e' it ith an!%a5ue #ateria)1 as &ecause he ne2er )!!3e' &ac3. This is t(%ica) !$Wri/ht7s attitu'e t! )i$e an' his !r3.

7. CONC"USIONThe !r3 !$ *ran3 L)!(' Wri/ht i))ustrates h! the in'i2i'uati!n %r!cesscan &e /i2en c!ncrete &ui)t $!r#. It is a c)ear e"a#%)e !$ an in'i2i'ua)7s)i$e an' the un$!)'in/ %r!cess in2!)2e'. The &eaut( !$ Wri/ht7s )i$e is thetenacit( !$ his a'herence t! %rinci%)e1 that is1 the %rinci%)e !$ his !n%ers!na)it(. Wri/ht as !nce as3e' hich !$ his &ui)'in/s he )i3e' the#!st an' he re%)ie' &( sa(in/ the ne"t !ne. This sh!s h! he ast!ta))( in2!)2e' in the un$!)'in/ unc!nsci!us an' a)a(s ea/er t! see hat!u)' c!#e u% ne"t. In #an( a(s Wri/ht $)e a/ainst the esta&)ish#entan' e"%erience' #uch /rie$ an' har'shi% as a c!nse5uence. The !r3 he)e$t &ehin' h!e2er1 !u)' n!t ha2e c!#e in t! &ein/ ha' he n!t ha' the$aith in the unc!nsci!us %r!cess. It is the )!t !$ the in'i2i'ua) such as he

as1 that /a2e hi# his %)ace in architectura) hist!r(.

The #ateria) I ha2e %resente' here sh!s h! architectura) 'esi/n isc)!se)( a))ie' t! the unc!nsci!us %r!cess an' in'ee'9 each &ui)'in/ can &ea si/n%!st !$ the e2!)2in/ %r!cess !$ in'i2i'uati!n. The sc!%e !$ this i'ean!t !n)( inc)u'es h!uses1 &ut the entire &ui)t en2ir!n#ent inc)u'in/ t!nan' cit( %)ans. A)) architectura) i'eas !ri/inate in in'i2i'ua)s. One !n)( hast! )!!3 ar!un' the r!!# (!u are sittin/ in as (!u rea' this. With the

e"ce%ti!n !$ %)ants an' !ther %e!%)e1 e2er(thin/ in the r!!# has &eentrans$!r#e' &( the hu#an %s(che. It is the i'ea that create' the %a%er


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stuc3 t! /(%su#1 hat e c!##!n)( ca)) %)aster&!ar'. It is the i'ea !$#i))in/ an' asse#&)in/ ti#&er $!r !ur $)!!rs an' r!!2es. The i'ea $!rtrans$!r#in/ si)ica int! /)ass1 c)a( int! &ric3s an' $i&re int! car%ets.

The i#%!rtance !$ this $act cann!t &e un'eresti#ate'. It sh!s h! !urun'erstan'in/ !$ #atter an' %s(che has chan/e' $r!# &ein/ se%arate an''istin/uisha&)e1 t! the rea)it( !$ their interc!nnecte'ness an'trans$!r#ati!n. It is a)che#( at its &est. Wri/ht 3ne this intuiti2e)( &utc!u)' n!t e"%ress it %s(ch!)!/ica))(. Bui)'in/ is in'ee' a #a/ica) %r!cessan' s! t! is )i2in/ in the#. The h!#e can &e an e"ce))ent an' #!reaccessi&)e t!!) $!r %e!%)e t! )earn a&!ut the#se)2es an' their $a#i)ies.

6. #I#"IO$RAP!*

a. R!&ert C. T!#&)(1 *ran3 L)!(' Wri/ht, His Li$e an' HisArchitecture71 !hn Wi)e( S!ns1 ;JJ

b. Wi))ia# A))in St!rrer1 The Architecture !$ *ran3 L)!(' Wri/ht71 TheMIT Press1 ;JK=

c. Bene'i3t Taschen1 *ran3 L)!(' Wri/ht71 *ran3 L)!(' Wri/ht*!un'ati!n Sc!tts'a)e Ari6!na1 ;JJ;

d. Grant Hi)'er&ran'1 The Wri/ht S%ace, Pattern an' Meanin/ in *ran3

L)!(' Wri/ht7s H!uses71 Uni2ersit( !$ Washin/t!n Press1 ;JJ;e. Th!#as A Hein61 *ran3 L)!(' Wri/ht1 Architectura) M!n!/ra%hs N!.;K71 Aca'e#( E'iti!nsSt Martin7s Press1 ;JJ=

f. Maria C!nstantin!1 *ran3 L)!(' Wri/ht71 Bis!n Gr!u%1 ;JJ;

g. Pau) Parin1 4The D!/!n Pe!%)e4 an Essa(.h. Werner B)aser1 Mies 2an 'er R!he7 Tha#es Hu's!n L!n'!n1 ;J=

i. C G un/1 S(#&!)s !$ Trans$!r#ati!n71 B!))in/en Series --1Princet!n Uni2ersit( Press1 ;JF

j. CG un/1 The Structure an' D(na#ics !$ the Ps(che71 !)u#e ei/ht1

Sec!n' E'iti!n1 ;JFJ1 R!ut)e'/e an' +e/an Pau)k. C G un/1 Archet(%es !$ the C!))ecti2e Unc!nsci!us71 R!ut)e'/e an'

+e/an Pau)1 ;JFJl. C G un/1 Ps(ch!)!/( an' A)che#(71 B!))in/en Series --1 Princet!n

Uni2ersit( Press1 ;JKm. C G un/1 Ci2i)i6ati!n in Transiti!n71 R!ut)e'/e an' +e/an Pau) ;JFn. Arthur Sch!%enhauer1 4The W!r)' as Wi)) an' I'ea41 E2er(#an1

;JJ1 B!!3 T!1 The W!r)' as Wi))

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