An Introduction to Poetry: An Introduction to Poetry: Elements & TechniquesElements & Techniques

CHS English ICHS English I

Mr. DavisMr. Davis

1-7-20131-7-2013

SOUNDS OF POETRYSOUNDS OF POETRY• AlliterationAlliteration: Using the same consonant to start two or : Using the same consonant to start two or

more stressed words or syllables in a phrase or verse line, more stressed words or syllables in a phrase or verse line, or using a series of vowels to begin such words or syllables or using a series of vowels to begin such words or syllables in sequence. Alliteration need not re-use all initial in sequence. Alliteration need not re-use all initial consonants: words like “train” and “terrific” are alliterate. consonants: words like “train” and “terrific” are alliterate.   

• AssonanceAssonance: The rhyming of a word with another in one or : The rhyming of a word with another in one or more of their accented vowels, but not in their consonants; more of their accented vowels, but not in their consonants; sometimes called vowel rhyme.sometimes called vowel rhyme.  

• ConsonanceConsonance: Sometimes just a resemblance in sound : Sometimes just a resemblance in sound between two words, or an initial or head rhyme like between two words, or an initial or head rhyme like alliteration, but also refined to mean shared consonants, alliteration, but also refined to mean shared consonants, whether in sequence (“bud” and “bad”) or reversed (“bud” whether in sequence (“bud” and “bad”) or reversed (“bud” and “dab”). and “dab”).   

• OnomatopoeiaOnomatopoeia: A word that imitates a noise or action. : A word that imitates a noise or action. Example: “buzz” Example: “buzz”

FIGURES OF SPEECHFIGURES OF SPEECH• SimileSimile: A comparison made with “as,” “like,” or : A comparison made with “as,” “like,” or

“than.” “than.”   • MetaphorMetaphor: Compares two different things : Compares two different things

without using a word of comparison, such as without using a word of comparison, such as “like” or “as.”“like” or “as.”

  • HyperboleHyperbole: Exaggeration beyond reason – : Exaggeration beyond reason –

sometimes meant to be funny.sometimes meant to be funny.  • PersonificationPersonification: A figure of speech where the : A figure of speech where the

poet describes an abstraction, thing, or a non-poet describes an abstraction, thing, or a non-human form as if it were a person.human form as if it were a person.

TECHNIQUESTECHNIQUES• ImageryImagery: A set of mental pictures or images; the use of : A set of mental pictures or images; the use of

vivid or figurative language to represent objects, actions, or vivid or figurative language to represent objects, actions, or ideas; the use of expressive or evocative images in art, ideas; the use of expressive or evocative images in art, literature, or music; a group or body of related images, as literature, or music; a group or body of related images, as in a painting or poem.in a painting or poem.

  • Strong Verbs: Strong Verbs: Using powerful verbs to portray vividly an Using powerful verbs to portray vividly an

event in a story or poem.event in a story or poem.  • Symbol:Symbol: A word or object that has its own meaning and A word or object that has its own meaning and

represents another word, object or idea.represents another word, object or idea.  • MoodMood: The feeling a poem creates for its reader.: The feeling a poem creates for its reader.  • ToneTone: the attitude a poet takes towards his/her subject.: the attitude a poet takes towards his/her subject.  • StyleStyle:: the way a poet uses words, forms, or imagery to the way a poet uses words, forms, or imagery to

create an effect on the reader.create an effect on the reader.

STRUCTURESTRUCTURE• Stanza-Stanza- A unit of lines grouped together. Similar to a paragraph in prose. A unit of lines grouped together. Similar to a paragraph in prose.

  • CoupletCouplet- A stanza consisting of TWO lines that rhyme.- A stanza consisting of TWO lines that rhyme.

  • QuatrainQuatrain- A stanza consisting of four lines.- A stanza consisting of four lines.

  • Refrain-Refrain- The repetition of one or more phrases or lines at certain intervals, The repetition of one or more phrases or lines at certain intervals,

usually at the end of each stanza. Similar to the “chorus” in a song. usually at the end of each stanza. Similar to the “chorus” in a song.

  • Repetition-Repetition- A word or phrase repeated within a line or stanza. A word or phrase repeated within a line or stanza.

– Example: “gazed and gazed” Example: “gazed and gazed”

  • Rhythm:Rhythm: the pattern created by the stressed and unstressed syllables of the pattern created by the stressed and unstressed syllables of

words in a sequence. A controlled pattern of rhythm is called “meter.”words in a sequence. A controlled pattern of rhythm is called “meter.”

  • Rhyme: Rhyme: the repetition of identical or similar sounds in stressed syllables. the repetition of identical or similar sounds in stressed syllables.

  • Rhyme Scheme:Rhyme Scheme: The pattern in which “end rhyme” occurs. The pattern in which “end rhyme” occurs.

TYPES OF POETRYTYPES OF POETRY• Narrative: Narrative: the poet tells a story in verse form. Narrative the poet tells a story in verse form. Narrative

poems include “epics” and “ballads.” Epic poems are long poems include “epics” and “ballads.” Epic poems are long poems about gods and heroes (poems about gods and heroes (The OdysseyThe Odyssey). Ballads are ). Ballads are songlike poems about adventure and romance. songlike poems about adventure and romance.

  • Dramatic:Dramatic: the poet tells a story using a characters own the poet tells a story using a characters own

thoughts or statements. thoughts or statements.

  • Lyric:Lyric: a brief poem in which the poet expresses the a brief poem in which the poet expresses the

feelings of a single speaker, creating a single effect on the feelings of a single speaker, creating a single effect on the reader. These poems are known for their musical reader. These poems are known for their musical qualities, achieved through the use of rhyme and rhythm.qualities, achieved through the use of rhyme and rhythm.

FORMS OF POETRY:FORMS OF POETRY:

• Sonnet:Sonnet: a fourteen-line lyric poem a fourteen-line lyric poem with formal patterns of rhyme, with formal patterns of rhyme, rhythm, and line structure rhythm, and line structure (Shakespearean and Italian). (Shakespearean and Italian).

• Free verse: Free verse: no specific patterns of no specific patterns of rhyme, rhythm, or structure. rhyme, rhythm, or structure.

• Haiku: Haiku: a poem containing three a poem containing three unrhymed lines of five, seven, and five unrhymed lines of five, seven, and five syllables. A Japanese form that uses syllables. A Japanese form that uses imagery to convey a single emotion. imagery to convey a single emotion.

POETRY PACKETPOETRY PACKET

This marks the first entry in your “Poetry Packet.”This marks the first entry in your “Poetry Packet.”

Just like with TKAM, you will take notes, answer Just like with TKAM, you will take notes, answer questions, complete writing assignments, etc., questions, complete writing assignments, etc., and it is YOUR responsibility to keep up with your and it is YOUR responsibility to keep up with your work. work.

When we complete enough assignments, I will When we complete enough assignments, I will give you a “checklist” and you will submit your give you a “checklist” and you will submit your work. work.

Your “Introduction to Poetry” worksheet is Your “Introduction to Poetry” worksheet is included in this packet. included in this packet.

VOCAB: POETRY VOCAB: POETRY COLLECTION #1COLLECTION #1

Copy down the following vocabulary terms. Use Copy down the following vocabulary terms. Use EACH one in a sentence (correctly).EACH one in a sentence (correctly).

1.1.Defer (v)Defer (v): put off until a future time. : put off until a future time.

2.2.Pensive (adj): Pensive (adj): deeply or seriously deeply or seriously thoughtful thoughtful

3.3.Discerning (adj):Discerning (adj): having good having good judgment or understanding judgment or understanding

4.4.Preliminaries (n)Preliminaries (n): steps or events : steps or events before a main eventbefore a main event

POETRY COLLECTION #1: POETRY COLLECTION #1: 1-9-20131-9-2013

1.1.Langston Hughes: Langston Hughes: “Dream “Dream Deferred” & “Dreams”Deferred” & “Dreams”

2.2.William Wordsworth:William Wordsworth: “I “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”

3.3.Gabriela Mistral: Gabriela Mistral: “Meciendo/Rocking”“Meciendo/Rocking”

4.4.Jean de Sponde: Jean de Sponde: “Sonnets on “Sonnets on Love XIII”Love XIII”

RESPOND: RESPOND: POETRY SELECTION #1POETRY SELECTION #1Answer each of the following questions regarding the first selection of Answer each of the following questions regarding the first selection of poems. Be sure to answer in COMPLETE sentences (restate the poems. Be sure to answer in COMPLETE sentences (restate the question in your answer!). question in your answer!).

1.1.Which of these poems affected you the most, and WHY? Which of these poems affected you the most, and WHY? Answer in 2-3 COMPLETE sentences. Answer in 2-3 COMPLETE sentences. 2.2.In Hughes’s “Dream Deferred,” and/or “Dreams” identify In Hughes’s “Dream Deferred,” and/or “Dreams” identify one SIMILE and one METAPHOR. To what is the poet one SIMILE and one METAPHOR. To what is the poet comparing these things? (3 sentences). comparing these things? (3 sentences). 3.3.What are the “natural sights” (or things you would see in What are the “natural sights” (or things you would see in nature) that are described in Wordsworth’s “I Wandered nature) that are described in Wordsworth’s “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” and Mistral’s “Meciendo/Rocking”? Lonely as a Cloud” and Mistral’s “Meciendo/Rocking”? Answer in 2 sentences. Answer in 2 sentences. 4.4.In de Sponde’s “Sonnets on Love XIII,” to what does the In de Sponde’s “Sonnets on Love XIII,” to what does the speaker compare his love? What do you think this says speaker compare his love? What do you think this says about the speaker’s feelings? Answer in 2-3 sentences. about the speaker’s feelings? Answer in 2-3 sentences. 5.5.Provide AT LEAST three examples of PERSONIFICATION Provide AT LEAST three examples of PERSONIFICATION from the selection of poems. Answer in 3 complete from the selection of poems. Answer in 3 complete sentencessentences. .

POETRY COLLECTION #2:POETRY COLLECTION #2:1-22-20131-22-2013 Read Poetry Collection 2 (pages 577-581):Read Poetry Collection 2 (pages 577-581):

1.1. Richard Brautigan: “All watched Over by Machines of Loving Richard Brautigan: “All watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace”Grace”

2.2. Emily Dickinson: “Hope is a thing with feathers” & “Much Emily Dickinson: “Hope is a thing with feathers” & “Much Madness is divinist Sense”Madness is divinist Sense”

3.3. Stanley Kunitz: “The War Against the Trees”Stanley Kunitz: “The War Against the Trees”

Answer questions 1-7 (all parts) on p. 582. Answer questions 1-7 (all parts) on p. 582.  Complete the “Writing” activity on p. 583. You Complete the “Writing” activity on p. 583. You

may write a POEM or a PROSE response. Be sure may write a POEM or a PROSE response. Be sure to include ALL 5 SENSES in your response. to include ALL 5 SENSES in your response.

POETRY COLLECTION #3:POETRY COLLECTION #3:1-23-20131-23-2013Copy the “Vocabulary Builder” terms on p. Copy the “Vocabulary Builder” terms on p.

590. 590. Read Poetry Collection 3 (pages 592-595):Read Poetry Collection 3 (pages 592-595):

1.1. Walter Dean Myers: “Summer”Walter Dean Myers: “Summer”

2.2. Alfred, Lord Tennyson: “The Eagle”Alfred, Lord Tennyson: “The Eagle”

3.3. May Swenson: “Analysis of Baseball”May Swenson: “Analysis of Baseball”

Answer questions 1-7 (all parts) on p. 596. Answer questions 1-7 (all parts) on p. 596. 

POETRY COLLECTION #4:POETRY COLLECTION #4:1-24-20131-24-2013 Read Poetry Collection 4 (pages 599-607):Read Poetry Collection 4 (pages 599-607):

1.1. Edgar Allan Poe: “The Bells”Edgar Allan Poe: “The Bells”

2.2. Yusef Komunyakaa: “Slam, Dunk, & Hook”Yusef Komunyakaa: “Slam, Dunk, & Hook”

3.3. Lewis Carroll: “Jabberwocky”Lewis Carroll: “Jabberwocky”

Answer questions 1-7 (all parts) on p. 608. Answer questions 1-7 (all parts) on p. 608.  Complete the “Writing” activity on p. 609. Complete the “Writing” activity on p. 609.

Respond in AT LEAST one 5-sentence paragraph Respond in AT LEAST one 5-sentence paragraph (Intro, 3 supporting facts, conclusion)(Intro, 3 supporting facts, conclusion)

GROUP LEADER: GROUP LEADER: INSTRUCTIONSINSTRUCTIONS1/22-251/22-25• You are in charge of your group in my absence. You are in charge of your group in my absence.

Please make sure that your members remain on task Please make sure that your members remain on task and aware of their expectations. and aware of their expectations.

• I have assigned a collection of poems to be read and I have assigned a collection of poems to be read and analyzed in class each day. Please lead the group analyzed in class each day. Please lead the group reading and discussion. How you choose to read the reading and discussion. How you choose to read the poems is up to your group, but ALL members must poems is up to your group, but ALL members must submit their own responses to the poems. submit their own responses to the poems.

• On Wednesday, January 23, you will receive a On Wednesday, January 23, you will receive a CHECKLIST for your Poetry Journal. Please make sure CHECKLIST for your Poetry Journal. Please make sure each member receives a copy and is aware that these each member receives a copy and is aware that these are due on FRIDAY, JANUARY 25. are due on FRIDAY, JANUARY 25.

• FRIDAY will be dedicated to READING WORKSHOP. FRIDAY will be dedicated to READING WORKSHOP. Please make sure your group is aware of their Please make sure your group is aware of their expectations. expectations. Thanks much,Thanks much,

Mr. Davis Mr. Davis