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An Introduction toComputer Science
CSE Studies How Computers Work and How to Make Them Work Better Architecture
Designing machines Programming languages and compilers
Telling them what to do Operating systems and networks
Controlling them and communicating between them Graphics, vision, music, human-computer interaction, information
retrieval, genomics, ...: Using them
Artificial intelligence and machine learning Making them smarter
Algorithms, complexity What are the limits and why
Computer Science vs Computer Engineering Computing Systems are Cyber-physical systems
Physical Part: hardware, stored software and data Cyber Part: active (running) software, behavior
Computer Engineering is how to engineer the physical part to have best performance (speed, efficiency etc).
Computer Science is how to engineer the cyber part to best fit the purposes: optimize resources (time, hardware), optimize human-computer interaction etc.
Breathe Life Into MatterGolem (Jewish mythology) “Automata”, (South Germany
or Spain, c. 1560)
Also, chess
automata
Frankenstein (Mary Shelley, 1818)
Robot
(Karel Capek,
1921)
Breathing Life: A Modern Perspective
“Matter”: Atoms, molecules, quantum mechanics, relativity …
“Life”: Cells, nucleus, DNA, RNA, …
“Breath life into matter”: Computation
One interpretation: Make matter do useful,
interesting things on its own
Computational Universe
Important Distinctions
Computer Science vs. Computer Programming
(Java, C++, etc.)
Notion of computation vs. Concrete Implementations of Computation (Silicon chips, robots, Xbox, etc.)
Example: Web crawler
Start with a base list of popular Web sites Download the Web pages and extract hyperlinks Download these Web pages, too And repeat, and repeat, and repeat…
Web indexing Identify keywords in pages Identify popular pages that many point to
Web searching Respond in less than a second to user queries
Example: Computational Biology
Old Biology New Biology
Microarrays
Pathways