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undergroundthermalenergystorage www.iftech.co.uk +44 (0) 203 176 7850
An Introduction to Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage
(ATES)
Rehau Workshop– 31st May 2012
undergroundthermalenergystorage www.iftech.co.uk +44 (0) 203 176 7850
ATES is a system which utilises Inter-Seasonal Heat Storage. This involves the storage of excess energy from summer for use in winter heating applications, and the storage of cooling potential from winter for free cooling in summer.
- ‘Open loop’ – Water wells abstract water
directly from a suitable aquifer and
recharge the aquifer.
- Best value where suitable aquifer exists.
The Principle
undergroundthermalenergystorage www.iftech.co.uk +44 (0) 203 176 7850
ATES – Hydrogeological Information
undergroundthermalenergystorage www.iftech.co.uk +44 (0) 203 176 7850
ATES
undergroundthermalenergystorage www.iftech.co.uk +44 (0) 203 176 7850
Important Parameters
• Sustainable groundwater flow rate achievable: >40m3/hr deemed good
• Well locations – Preferably > 70m between Warm & Cold wells, >20m between cold & cold
and warm & warm.
• Flow velocity and direction very important to well orientation. Modelling best to be
undertaken as early as possible and preferably with site investigation data.
undergroundthermalenergystorage www.iftech.co.uk +44 (0) 203 176 7850
Important Parameters
• Remember hydraulic as well as thermal effects.
• Clustering vs cross placed.
undergroundthermalenergystorage www.iftech.co.uk +44 (0) 203 176 7850
Well Housings - Options
Above Ground Well Housing
Exposed Well housing
undergroundthermalenergystorage www.iftech.co.uk +44 (0) 203 176 7850
Well Housings - Options
Well Head works within the
housing
Below Ground Well Housing
Below Ground Well Housing
undergroundthermalenergystorage www.iftech.co.uk +44 (0) 203 176 7850
Mechanical Plant Room - Example
SKID mounted equipment
Typical Layout HP & HP SKID
undergroundthermalenergystorage www.iftech.co.uk +44 (0) 203 176 7850
ATES Characteristics
• Renewable energy source providing cooling & heating.
• Low energy, Low risk, proven technology.
• Cost effective.
• Carbon emissions reduction up to 60%.
undergroundthermalenergystorage www.iftech.co.uk +44 (0) 203 176 7850
When?
undergroundthermalenergystorage www.iftech.co.uk +44 (0) 203 176 7850
Applications
• 250 KW and upwards heating and cooling
• Best where both heating and cooling exist
• Suits residential, commercial, educational, and mixed use or community
systems
undergroundthermalenergystorage www.iftech.co.uk +44 (0) 203 176 7850
Large Scale Mixed Use:
undergroundthermalenergystorage www.iftech.co.uk +44 (0) 203 176 7850
Applications
• Advantageous for an Energy Service Company ( ESCO) application
• Can work in conjunction with CHP
• Opportunity to use new buildings with net cooling requirements to meet
heat demands of existing buildings with net heating requirements, in a low
carbon Urban Heat Sharing network.
undergroundthermalenergystorage www.iftech.co.uk +44 (0) 203 176 7850
Where?
undergroundthermalenergystorage www.iftech.co.uk +44 (0) 203 176 7850
Feasibility Map
• IFTech map Indicates general areas of
“High”, “Good” and “Poor” aquifer
suitability.
• Software designed in house.
• Gives transmissivity values from
existing borehole data.
• Grid reference search enables us to
assess exact locations.
undergroundthermalenergystorage www.iftech.co.uk +44 (0) 203 176 7850
Current ATES Installations
undergroundthermalenergystorage www.iftech.co.uk +44 (0) 203 176 7850
Major ATES applications in Europe
Country # of ATES projects (ca)
Aquifer type Major application
Belgium 10 Sand/Chalk Hospitals
Denmark 10 Sand/gravel, chalk
Industrial
Netherlands 700 Sand Large buildings
Sweden 70 Chalk, sand/gravel
Large buildings
undergroundthermalenergystorage www.iftech.co.uk +44 (0) 203 176 7850
Current ATES Developments
The Gelredome, Arnhem
• Home of Vitesse Arnhem Football Club • Pitch can be “removed” to external
position during events • Major concert and events venue • Pitch Heating • Heating & Cooling to offices and stadium
undergroundthermalenergystorage www.iftech.co.uk +44 (0) 203 176 7850
Current ATES Developments
Passenger Terminal “Oostelijke Handelskade” Amsterdam
• Cold storage: 3,500 kW • Operational since: 2000
undergroundthermalenergystorage www.iftech.co.uk +44 (0) 203 176 7850
Current ATES Developments
Eindhoven University
• Cooling capacity ATES: 20 MWt
• Max groundwater flow: 2000 m3/h
• No. of wells: 2 x 16
undergroundthermalenergystorage www.iftech.co.uk +44 (0) 203 176 7850
Current UK Developments
• 250 kW Heating & Cooling
Westway Beacons
• The project comprises construction of five buildings with a total of 130 dwellings.
• 25 m3/hr yield.
undergroundthermalenergystorage www.iftech.co.uk +44 (0) 203 176 7850
Current UK Developments
• Wandsworth Riverside Quarter – Phase 3:
• Mixed use residential and commercial scheme in Wandsworth
• 8 wells, 3.2 MW cooling capacity.
• 70m3/h yield per well
undergroundthermalenergystorage www.iftech.co.uk +44 (0) 203 176 7850
Current UK Developments
• Tideway Wharf: Large Residential Scheme in Battersea.
• 8 wells, 2.8 MW cooling capacity.
• 1 Test well complete - construction to commence in Q4 2012
undergroundthermalenergystorage www.iftech.co.uk +44 (0) 203 176 7850
Current UK Developments
National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London.
• 400kW Cooling new South West Wing.
• 2 wells plus greywater well.
undergroundthermalenergystorage www.iftech.co.uk +44 (0) 203 176 7850
Monitored Performance example
undergroundthermalenergystorage www.iftech.co.uk +44 (0) 203 176 7850
• New hospital, 400 beds
• ATES/HP system
• Cooling/pre-heating ventilation air
• Operational since August 2000
Klina Hospital-1
Slide: VITO, 2007
• One set of wells @ 100 m3/h
• Well depth = 65 m
• Borehole diameter = 800 mm
• Well separation distance = 100 m
undergroundthermalenergystorage www.iftech.co.uk +44 (0) 203 176 7850
Klina hospital-3
Slide: VITO, 2007
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Te
mp
era
ture
[°C
]
Temperature cold well
Temperature warm well
undergroundthermalenergystorage www.iftech.co.uk +44 (0) 203 176 7850
Klina hospital-4
Evaluation 2003 – 2004 – 2005
• Total cooling demand = 1789 MWh
• ATES-cooling (direct) = 1394 MWh (78 %)
• HP-cooling = 395 MWh (22 %)
• Energy saving on cooling = 76 % (SPF = 14.8)
• total heat demand = 2841 MWh
• ATES-heating (direct) = 534 MWh (19%)
• HP-heating = 2307 MWh (81 %)
• Energy saving on heating = 39 % (SPF = 5.5)
• CO2 emission reduction against base case = 63 %
Slide: VITO, 2007
undergroundthermalenergystorage www.iftech.co.uk +44 (0) 203 176 7850
Why?
undergroundthermalenergystorage www.iftech.co.uk +44 (0) 203 176 7850
Advantages
• ATES is classed as a renewable technology.
• Ability to produce low energy “direct cooling” (no heat pump energy)
utilising lower cooling water temperatures from the “Cold Store”.
• Eliminates the requirement for conventional chiller plant.
• Higher system Co-efficient of performance (COP) on heating due to
increased “Warm store” temperatures compared with conventional ground
source heat pump application.
• Heating COP ~ 6
• Cooling COP ~ 10-40
• Therefore lower energy use and lower emissions.
undergroundthermalenergystorage www.iftech.co.uk +44 (0) 203 176 7850
Advantages
• “Architect friendly technology”
• Small plant room footprint.
• Can link in with standard building mechanical services heating and cooling
systems such as under floor heating, chilled beams, fan coil units etc.
• Client can become a ‘seller’ of heat or coolth.
• Low maintenance.
• In ATES systems, there is no net depletion of the aquifer.
• There is no change in temperature profiles for ATES for combined cold and low
temperature heat storage.
undergroundthermalenergystorage www.iftech.co.uk +44 (0) 203 176 7850
Thank you for your attention
Any Questions?
web: www.iftech.co.uk
email: [email protected]
tel: 0203 1767850