An Introduction to - Adamsnet- · PDF fileWind Energy Solution Author Salvadore Date Sept.2009 Lainate - Italy Novembre 2009 An Introduction to

Wind Energy Solution

Author Salvadore Date Sept.2009


Lainate - Italy

Novembre 2009

An Introduction to


HAWT : Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine

Pro•Higher Efficency (Pmecc/Pwind)

•Smaller Dimension

•Extended Application Range and Expertise

•Higher Cut-out wind speed

Cons•Higher Cut-in wind speed

•Face-Wind direction mechanism

•Lower Dynamic Stability

Author : SALVADORE Date : May 2009



PRO•Lower Cut in Wind Speed

•Better Dynamic Stability

CONS•Bigger Dimension

•Lower Efficiency



VAWT : Vertical Axis Wind Turbine



WT Power Classification

Micro Eolic

< 20 Kw

Mini Eolic

< 200 Kw

Eolic

> 100Kw

Carlo GAVAZZI full solution market



Author

WT Base Mechanical Elements



A： Effective Area Swept by Wind Turbine (m2)

r：Air Density (kg/m3)

V(m/s)

Wind Speed

Where the wind power comes from ?




1. Max power catched by the WT

P electrical = ½ ρ A V3 Cp h

and Cp is called Wind Turbine Efficiency

where h = Turbine Mechanical Efficiency

h = includes all the frictions due to shaft bearings, gearbox, etc..


V

Rm = is called Tip Speed Ratio

Cp is a function of blades shape and blades number and changes with

where m：Rotation Speed of the Wind Turbine

Cp has a limit in the Betz number : 16/27

for our application Cp max is 0.59 for HAWT

and 0.4 for VHWT

2. Max power catched by the WT



Author

2

23 RVPwind

=

r

Data :

•Swept Area radius = 20 m

•Cp for three blades HWAC = 0.45

h= 0,56 turbine mechanical efficiency

r= 1,22 kg/m3

•V= 10 m/s steady

PmeclPelectrica *h=

PwindCpPmec *=

= 766 Kw

= 344.7 Kw

= 193 Kw


3. Max power catched by the WT : a Simple Example



4. Max power catched by the WT : Mistral 3K

P AC @12m/s = ½ ρ A V3 Cp h = 2450 w

m/s

W


Author

Wind Intensity and wind distribution


By direction

By height


Author: Claudio BORGHI Date Nov-2009

An introduction to system

measurements in -aeolic plants

http://www.provincia.venezia.it/cesare.battisti/materiali/favola/img/vento-che-parla.jpg



1. - General description

2. - Standard EN 61400-12-1

3. - Examples

4. - CG solution

OUTLINE

http://www.provincia.venezia.it/cesare.battisti/materiali/favola/img/vento-che-parla.jpg



1. - What shall we do ?

2. - How shall we do ?

3. - The simplest thing.

4. - The simplest result.

General description

The simplest result:

1. - Low/Medium cost

2. - Customer satisfied

3. - Precautions on results found



General descriptionWind speed and WTI3 output power vs time(Record #3 / 2009-09-08)

-50

450

950

1450

1950

2450

2950

14

.57.2

9

15

.03.5

9

15

.10.4

7

15

.17.2

7

15

.24.1

3

15

.30.5

5

15

.37.3

5

15

.44.2

1

15

.51.0

5

15

.57.4

9

16

.04.3

3

Time

WT

I03

ou

tpu

t p

ow

er

[W]

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Win

d S

pee

d [

m/s

]

Pout Wind Speed

Inverter output power vs wind speed

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Wind speed [m/s]

WT

I03

ou

tpu

t p

ow

er

[W]

Results distribution and polynomial fitting (Record #3 / 2009-09-08)

1. - Turbine and anemometer inertia

2. - Turbulences

3. - Non-stationary flow (No wind tunnel)

4. - Sampling rate too long.



Standard EN 61400-12-1 © IEC:2000(E)

Power performance measurements of electricity producing wind turbine

Method of the “BINS”

Data shall collected continuously at a

sampling rate of 1 Hz or higher



Power performance measurements of electricity producing wind turbine

Method of the “BINS”Standard EN 61400-12-1 © IEC:2000(E)



Dundalk University Campus- IRLExample

Turbine WT3 Other turbine

WTI3 + Braking box + test equipment

10

m

Cables lenght = 100m



Example Dundalk University Campus- IRL

Anemometer

CARLO GAVAZZI

DWS-V-DBC05

Digital Meter

Carlo Gavazzi

UDM40

Digital Voltage Meter

Carlo Gavazzi

UDM40

Braking Box

CARLO GAVAZZI

WTB3FE

(With energy meter EM24)

Inverter

CARLO GAVAZZI

WTI3

PC with LabviewCarlo Gavazzi

SIUPC-3

BUS 485

BUS 485

BUS 485USB

http://www.expopage.net/ebooths/Exhibitor47600/LOGO/logo.gif

http://www.esta.org.uk/MAIN_MENU/MEMBER_LIST/PROFILES/images/LogoCarloGavazzi20090227_000.gif



Carlo Gavazzi Solutions

Energy meters

EOS Array

Modular

Instruments

Probes

EM24DIN

EM2696

VMU-M

VMU-S

DWS-D

DWS-V

UDM40

UDM60

http://www.expopage.net/ebooths/Exhibitor47600/LOGO/logo.gif




Wind Turbine Products Portfolio

A range of Micro Wind Tubine Complete Solution (up to

10KW) for residential and small business application :

• Horizontal Axis (HAWT) for power between 3 and

10Kw .

• Vertical Axis (VAWT) for power between 1.5 and 2.5

Kw .

• Inverters in grid and off grid (stand alone/battery

charger) solution for all the turbines models and

applications (i.e.: hybrid solution with PV or co-gen)

• Accessories : Braking Box, Braking Resistors,

Anemometers, Full Cabinet Solution, Energy and Wind

monitor and data log solution.

Author : Salvadore Date Sept.2009

HAVT- Horizontal Axis Range

• 3.0 KW small – ø 2.6 (1) m / 3.4 (2)

• 6.0 KW medium – ø 5.1 m (1)

• 9.9 KW large – ø 9.5 m (2)

(1) Power rated @ 12m/s of wind speed

(2) Power rated @ 10 m/s of wind speed



Wind Turbine : Mistral 3k

• The most light HAWT in its category

• 2,5 m total diameter

• High efficency 18 poles PMM direct coupling

(No Gerabox)

• Mechanical protection against high wind

speed

• Carbon Fiber Blades



Wind Turbine : Mistral 6K

• 5.6 Kw @ 12 m/s

• 5.1 mt blades span

• Electrical Blade Picth Control

• 208 Kg

• Fiber Glass Blades

• 6Kw Grid Tied Inverter

• Delivery : 2° Quarter 2010



Wind Turbine : Mistral 10K

• 10 Kw @ 10 m/s

• 9.5 m blades span

• Blade Picth Control

• 1.000 Kg

• Fiber Glass Blades

• 10 Kw Grid Tied Inverter

• Delivery : 1° Quarter 2010


VAWT- Vertical Axis Range

• 1 Kw 4 blades, 2.4x1.5 m (1)

• 2 Kw 4 blades , 3.2x2.3 m (1)



(1) Power rated @ 11.5 m/s


Inverter Types

• In Grid type:

– Single source (wind)

– Multi source (wind + solar) or (wind + water)

• Off Grid type:

– Single or Multi Source input with battery charger

• UPS type:

– Single or Multi Source input with battery charger and

back-up for grid installations where line is not reliable.

Note : Inverters for Wind Turbines have

different interface requirements and lower

efficiency than the ones for PV modules.



Inverter Delivery Status

• In Grid type:

– WTI3 : Available

– WTIS3 : Available

• Off Grid type:

– Available starting from Jan.2010

– Pure Sinusoidal Inverter : Available

• UPS type:

– Single or Multi Source input with battery charger and

back-up for grid installations where line is not reliable or

not available.

Note : Inverters for Wind Turbines have

different interface requirements and lower

efficiency than the ones for PV modules.



Author :Salvadore Date : Sept. 2009

Base Electrical Working Principles (Grid Tied Inverter)

DSP Control


Basic connection diagrams






Wind Turbine : The Cabinet WTC3

• WTC 3 : is the perfect solution to handle

safetly the wind turbine, the inverter and all

the measurement instrumentation :

– Stop the blades

– Keep the inverter safe

– Measure the energy

– Directly connected to the grid



The Braking Unit WTB3

• WTB 3 : is the perfect solution to handle

safetly the wind turbine :

– Stop the blades

– Keep the inverter safe

– Measure the energy

• Easy commissioning



Author Date

Inside the Braking Unit


Mistral 3k : foundation and pole

Author Date


Mounting Mistral 3k : blades and spinner

Author Date

Caution : use graduated tools, use locktite on thread


Mounting Mistral 3k : new tail

Author Date


Mounting Mistral 3k : lock the mast

Author Date

Caution : pull out the generator wires while the mast is mounted, do not plies them !


Economics

• Wind Mill Annual Power.xlsx

Author Date

NO WIND NO PARTY !

Wind Mill Annual Power.xlsx


Norms & Approvals

About the Turbines

• EN61400-2

About the Grid Connection

• VDE0126

• EN50438

• DK5940

Author Date


CE certificate

Italian DK 5940

certificate

VDE0126

certificate


Wind Turbine : Approvals

GRAZIE PER LA VOSTRA ATTENZIONE

ARRIVEDERCI !!


Documents

An Introduction to - Adamsnet- · PDF fileWind Energy Solution Author Salvadore Date Sept.2009 Lainate - Italy Novembre 2009 An Introduction to