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LATEXAn introduction
C.D. Emmery &M.M. van Zaanen
Tilburg University
October 22, 2013
What is LATEX?
• System used to typeset documents.◦ Typesetting: arranging all content in a document in order to achieve
the best possible results in terms of stylistics, clarity and readability.◦ Documents: journal articles, reports, books, slides, letters, ...
• Broadly used in academic communities for writing journal articlesand theses.
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Why LATEX rather than Word?
• Focus on content rather than layout.
• Dynamic elements.◦ Automatically generated table of contents, figure numbers, reference
numbers, ...
• Flexibility.◦ Runs on every OS.
• Good looking documents.◦ Tables, figures, pictures, equations, special symbols, music, ...
• Free!
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However...
• Learning curve.
• Not interactive.
• Output?
• Complex data (tables).
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How does LATEX work?
• Similar to HTML◦ Works with ‘blocks’, tags, or macros that serve a specific role.◦ For example:
\section{Title of the section goes here}
Here we type some text, \textbf{this part is bold}.
\begin{itemize} <-- this begins a list
\item this will be one item
\item this will be the second item
\end{itemize} <-- here we end the list
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Phyisical and Logical tags
• Physical◦ textbf: bold◦ textit: italics◦ Huge: big text
• Logical◦ chapter: chapter number and title◦ emph: emphasized text◦ paragraph: paragraph title and text
• Physical tags concern layout
• Logical tags concern meaning◦ Layout and content are seperated◦ LATEX handles the layout, not you
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How does LATEX work?
• Text and macro blocks.
• Reference list.
• Compiler.
• Result.
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How does LATEX work?
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How to start?
• main .tex file◦ document class◦ packages◦ title◦ begin document◦ content lists◦ inputs◦ reference list◦ end document
• input .tex files
• .bib file
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Document Class
%% this is the beginning of our .tex file, from
here we will start typing %%
\documentclass{report} <-- report can be changed:
%...%
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Packages
\documentclass{report}
%% this is the LaTeX header %%
%% here we can import additional packages %%
\usepackage{lipsum}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{}
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Title
% ... %
\usepackage{graphicx}
\title{Title of our Document}
\author{Your Name}
\date{\today}
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Beginning our Document
• Everything that is not a package call, import or title goes here.
• Start document environment.
• Add dynamic content lists.
% ... %
\date{\today}
%% here ends the header %%
\begin{document}
\maketitle
\newpage
\tableofcontents
\listoffigures
\listoftables
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Table of Contents
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Inputs & End Document
• Useful to shorten your main .tex file.
% ... %
\listoftables
\input{filename1.tex}
\input{filename2.tex}
\bibliographystyle{apalike}
\bibliography{bibliography.bib}
\end{document}
%% end of document %%
• Note: comments and escapes (\% for %, % for comment).15 of 49
What now?
• main .tex file√
• input .tex files ←• .bib file
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Actual Content: Document Structure
\chapter{Chapter Name}
\section{Section name}
\subsection{Subsection Name}
\subsubsection{Subsubsection Name}
\paragraph{Paragraph Name}
\subparagraph{Subparagraph Title}
• Note that these do not have
\begin
tags
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Actual Content: Document Structure
%% new file chapter1.tex %%
\chapter{Some Chapter}
Here we can place some introduction text that will
head the actual section that will follow.
\section{Our Section}
From here, we can start typing in our section, we
probably want to also structure this in subsections.
\subsection{One goes here}
First subsection.
\subsection{Other goes here}
This is our second subsection.18 of 49
Chapter & Section
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Actual Content: Document Structure
• Note that LATEX automatically structures text in paragraphs:
\subsection{Other goes here}.
This is our second subsection.
This is another paragraph in our subsection, which
will be formatted by LaTeX.
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Actual Content: Mathematics
• $ math $
Math in text.
• \begin{equation} math \end{equation}
Math separated from text, centered, and labeled.
This example defines $a_1$ as the
ratio $\frac{2 \cdot b}{c}$ minus $\beta$:
\begin{equation}
a.1 = \frac{2 \cdot b}{c} - \beta
\end{equation}
This example defines a1 as the ratio 2·bc minus β:
a1 =2 · bc− β (1)
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More Content: Tables
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{lc} % 2 columns, Left & Center
Product & Cost \\ % & seprates cell
\hline % horizontal line
Eggs & 2 eur \\ % row ends with \\
Bacon & 3 eur \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{This is our caption.}
\end{table}
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More Content: Tables
Result:
Product Cost
Eggs 2 eurBacon 3 eur
Table: This is our caption.
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More Content: Tables
\begin{tabular}{ l | c || r }
\hline
1 & 2 & 3 \\ \hline
4 & 5 & 6 \\ \hline
7 & 8 & 9 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
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More Content: Figures
\begin{figure}
\center
\includegraphics{filename}
\caption{Sample picture}
\label{samplepicture}
\end{figure}
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More Content: Figures
Figure: Sample picture
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More Content: Footnotes
Here is some text\footnote{And here is our footnote.}
Here is some text1.
1And here is our footnote.27 of 49
And then?
• main .tex file√
• input .tex files√
• .bib file ←
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BibTeX
• Storage of all references in an external file/database (.bib)
• Refer from several .tex-files
• Citation style flexible
• Reference management software as helpful tools◦ EndNote, JabRef, Mendeley, ...
@article{lamport1986,
title = {LaTeX: User’s Guide \& Reference Manual},
author = {Lamport, Leslie},
year = {1986},
publisher = {Addison-Wesley}
}
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Citations
\cite{tagname}
...
@article{lamport1986, <---
...
\cite{lamport1986}
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Citations
% ... %
\printbibliography
• Will look something like:
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All done!
• main .tex file√
• input .tex files√
• .bib file√
Now it’s your turn ©https:
//www.dropbox.com/s/5cxn5v9d7zeb3rj/beamer_uvt.pdf
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All done!
• Start with creating a new directory.
• Open TeXstudio.
• Options → configure TeXstudio → commands◦ LaTeX, PdfLaTeX, BibTeX, Biber, Makeindex
• First icon right, point to:◦ Computer → D: → texlive → bin → win32 → ...exe
• Save your file in the new directory.
• Start working.
• To compile, click the green arrow.
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Additional Material
• Wikibook: http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX
• IMF: http://www.imf.au.dk/system/latex/
• LATEX-bog, Lars Madsen:http://www.imf.au.dk/system/latex/bog/
• Official page: http://www.latex-project.org/
• LATEX Cheat Sheet: http://www.stdout.org/~winston/latex/
• LATEX and strict APA style: http:
//dw.tug.org/pracjourn/2012-1/beitzel/beitzel.pdf
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Additional Material: Headers
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhf{}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyhead[L]{\nouppercase{\leftmark}}
\fancyhead[R]{\thepage}
\setlength\fboxsep{0pt}
\setlength\fboxrule{1pt}
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Page_Layout#
Customizing_with_fancyhdr
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Additional Material: Page Numbering
\pagenumbering{roman} % arabic, etc.
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Additional Material: Renew & Avoid Titles
Renew:
\renewcommand{\abstractname}{Acknowledgements}
Avoid Indexing and Numbering:
\section*{Introduction}
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Additional Material: Abstract & Appendix
% beginning of document %
\begin{abstract}
Some text.
\end{abstract}
%very end of the document%
\appendix
\chapter{Pseudo-code}
Yadayada.
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Additional Material: References as Links
\usepackage[hidelinks=true]{hyperref}
• This will link all your cites to the entry in the Reference list.
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Additional Material: Control References
\usepackage[style=apa,sortcites=true,sorting=nyt,
minnames=1,maxnames=3,natbib=true,
hyperref=true,block=space]{biblatex}
• Sorting
• Replacing max names to et al.
• Allowing for handy cite options such as ‘citep’ which willautomatically do parantheses.
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Additional Material: Referencing to Tables and Figures
\begin{figure}
...
\caption{...}
\label{ourlabel}
\end{figure}
In this sentence we will look at our example
(Figure \ref{ourlabel})
• This will dynamically adjust its assigned number
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Additional Material: Quote Tip
When typing in LATEX, quotes such as:
Will format like ” and ’, so ”quote” and ’quote’, therefore, we wantto use:
as opening quote. Which will format like ‘this’ and “this”.
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Additional Material: Figures side-by-side
Simple way:
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}$
\begin{array}{cc}
\includegraphics[width=50mm]{image1}&
\includegraphics[width=85mm]{image2}
\end{array}$
\end{center}
\caption{2 images}
\label{2images}
\end{figure}
Better alternative: en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Floats,
_Figures_and_Captions#Subfloats43 of 49
Additional Material: Booktabs Table
Name
First name Last Name Grade
John Doe 7.5Richard Miles 2
• http://www.howtotex.com/packages/
improve-your-tables-with-booktabs/
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Additional Material: Two-sides printing
\documentclass[twoside]{article}
\usepackage[hmarginratio=1:1]{geometry}
• This will marge odd pages to the right so they will look good whendouble printed
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Additional Material: Tikz Parse Trees
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{tikz-qtree}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzset{frontier/.style={distance from root=150pt}}
\Tree [.S [.NP [.Det the ] [.N cat ] ]
[.VP [.V sat ]
[.PP [.P on ]
[.NP [.Det the ] [.N mat ] ] ] ] ]
\end{tikzpicture}
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Additional Material: Tikz Parse Trees
S
VP
PP
NP
N
mat
Det
the
P
on
V
sat
NP
N
cat
Det
the
http://www.isi.edu/~chiang/software/texmf/
tikz-qtree-manual.pdf47 of 49
Additional Material: Algorithms
\begin{algorithm}[H]
\SetAlgoLined
\KwData{Set (S) of numbers (22, 4, 78, 23, 42, 13, 1337, 23)}
\KwResult{Largest number (max) in our set (S)}
max = 0\;
\For{number in S}{
\eIf{number $>$ max}{
max = number \;
}
{
continue\;
}
}
return max\;
\caption{Very simple algorithm to find the largest number in a set.}
\label{algo1}
\end{algorithm}
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Additional Material: Algorithms
Data: Set (S) of numbers (22, 4, 78, 23, 42, 13, 1337, 23)Result: Largest number (max) in our set (S)max = 0;for number in S do
if number > max thenmax = number ;
elsecontinue;
end
endreturn max;Algorithm 1: Very simple algorithm to find the largest number in aset.
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