AYUSHDHARA ISSN: 2393-9583 (P)/ 2393-9591 (O)

An International Journal of Research in AYUSH and Allied Systems

AYUSHDHARA | March - April 2018 | Vol 5 | Issue 2 1648

CONCEPT OF DIFFERENT SAMPRAPTI OF SANDHIGATA VATA

Gajendra Renuka

Lecturer, Swasthvritta and Yoga, Dept. Govt. Ayurvedic College, Raipur, Chhattishgarh, India.

KEYWORDS: Vata vyadhi, Sandhigata Vata, Nidan, ahar-vihar, Vatapurna druti Sparsh.

ABSTRACT

In Ayurveda, Vata is explained as life and vitality, supporter of the all embodied beings and sustains long life free of disorders. In Ayuvedic texts get a very detailed description about Vata vyadhi. There are three Doshas in our body. In all three Doshas, Vayu is Ayu and Bala, without Vata the other two Doshas have been unable to work. In Tridoshas, Vata and Kapha plays an important role in Sandhigata Vata. Sandhigata Vata is the imbalance or vitiation of Vata and this vitiated Vata disturbes the normal state of the Kapha in all the joints. In all Ayurvedic literatures, Sandhigata Vata explains under Vata Vyadhi. The Nidan told for Vata vyadhi, those are same for Sandhigata Vata because in all Ayurvedic literatures there is no separate explanation about Sandhigata Vata. It has been mentioned in this study that how, by taking different Nidan, Different Rupa of Sandhigata Vata are produced. As by taking Ruksh ahar-vihar, Ruksha guna of Vata Increases and Vatapurna druti Sparsh lakshana is produced.

So, in this study tabulation of different Nidan and Lakshana by different classics are mentioned and different Samprapti of Sandhigata Vata is trying to mention by flow charts.

INTRODUCTION

Ayurveda is very old Genre which is related to our life style. Ayurveda is mostly based on three Doshas- Vata, Pitta and Kapha.[1] So they called as tristhuna. The primacy of Vata is prominent in Tridosha. Vayu is told as Ayu, Jevan and Bala. When these three Dhosas are in equilibrium then they become Nirog and vice-versa.

Sandhigata Vata is mainly a disorder of old age group, due to today's lifestyle; it is taking more complex form. It is degenerative disease in which limitations of joint occurs. It is commonly found in weight bearing joints. The gunas of Vata are Ruksha, Sheet, Laghu, Sukshma, Vishad and Khara.[2] When we take the nidan which make these guna increases then Vata becomes more vitiates and makes the Asthi dhatu emaciated. Acharya Vagbhatta has been well described the Ashraya-ashrayi bhav of Vayu and Asthi dhatu. By consuming the Vata prakopaka

nidan, the Shleshak Kapha, present in joints is diminishes and by which Chala guna of joints decreases. [3]

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Nidan

In Ayurveda knowledge of Nidan is very important for the diagnosis of any disease. According to Acharya Madhava, “Vyadhi vinishchaya karnam nidanam”, and according to Acharya Sushruta, “Sanksheptha kriyayogo nidanasyapariverjanama.” [4] In classics no specific Nidan has been mentioned for Sandhigata Vata. As Sandhigata Vata is a Vatavyadhi, general Hetu of Vatavyadhi can be taken as Hetu of Sandhigata Vata. Accordimg to different Acharyas, nidana of Vatavyadhi and their references are mentioned below.

Review Article

*Address for correspondence Dr. Gajendra Renuka Lecturer Swasthvritta and Yoga Dept. Govt. Ayurvedic college, Raipur, Chhattishgarh, India. Email: gajendrarenuka@gmail.com Ph: 7000781558

Gajendra Renuka. Concept of Different Samprapti of Sandhigata Vata

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Nidana Cha. S. [5]

Su.

S. [6]

As.S[7]. As.H.[8] Ma. Ni.[9]

Sha. S. [10]

Yog

Rat.[11]

Bha. Pra.[12]

Ha.

S.[13]

Van. S. [14]

Gad. Nig.[15]

(1) Aharaja Niana

Rookshanna + + + + + + + + + + +

Sheetanna + + + _ + + + _ + + +

Alpa bhojana + _ _ + + + + _ + + +

Laghu anna + + + _ + + + + _ + +

Kashaya + + + + + _ + + + + +

Katu _ + _ + _ _ _ + + _ _

Tikta _ + + + _ _ _ + + _ _

Abhojnata + _ _ _ + _ + _ _ + +

Atibhojana _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ + _ _

Pramita Bhojana _ _ + + _ _ _ + _ _ _

Anshana _ + _ _ _ _ _ + _ _ _

Vishmashana _ + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Vishtambhi _ _ + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Adhyashana _ + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Heena bhojana _ _ + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Shushka bhojana _ _ + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Shushka Shaka _ + _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Kshudhitambupana _ _ + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Trishitashan _ _ + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Kshara sevana _ _ _ _ _ + _ _ _ _ _

Amla sevana _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ + _ _

Atilavanahara _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ + _ _

Vallura _ + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Varaka _ + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Uddalaka _ + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Kordoosha _ + _ _ _ _ _ _ + _ _

Shyamaka _ + _ _ _ _ _ _ + _ _

Nivara _ + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Mudga _ + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Masura _ + _ _ _ _ _ _ + _ _

Aadhaki _ + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Harenu _ + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Kalaya _ + + _ _ _ _ + _ _

Nishpava _ + _ _ _ + _ _ + _ _

Mahamasha _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ + _ _

Shubhra (jwara) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ + _ _

Yava _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ + _ _

Mahachawal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ + _ _

Krishna chawal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ + _ _

Indrajao _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ + _ _

Bathuva _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ + _ _

Chakvata _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ + _ _

Grinjana _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ + _ _

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Kandashaka _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ + _ _

Palandu _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ + _ _

Virudh _ _ + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Trina-Dhanya _ _ + _ _ _ _ _ + _ _

Chanaka _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Karira _ _ + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Tumb _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Kalinga _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Chirtibha (kakdi) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Bees _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Jamuna _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Tinduka _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

(2) Viharaja

(a) Sharirika

Vyavaya + + + + + _ + _ + + +

Vishamupchara + _ + _ + _ + + _ + +

Doshashrikshravnata + _ + _ + _ + + _ + +

Langhana + _ _ _ + _ + _ _ + +

Plavana + _ + _ + + + _ _ + +

Atiadhwa + + _ + + _ + _ + + +

Vyayamativicheshtite + + + + + _ + + _ + +

Dhatunama Sankshayata

+ _ _ _ + _ + + _ + +

Duhkhshayasanata + _ _ _ _ + _ _ _ _ _

Divasvapna + _ _ _ + _ _ _ _ _ +

Vegavidharana + + + + + _ + + + + +

Gajaturangarathpadati-charya

_ + _ _ _ _ _ _ + _ _

Balavdvigrahata _ + + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Atikharachapkarshana

_ _ + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Durdinesnanapeete- aprahne nishajagre vasre

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ + _ _

Adhyayana _ + + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Pradhvana _ + + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Ratrijagrana + + + + + + + + + + +

Bharharana _ + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Purahapavana _ _ _ _ _ _ _ + _ _ _

Pravata _ _ + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Shrama _ _ _ _ _ + _ + + _ _

Himata _ _ _ _ _ _ _ + _ _ _

Gadakritati-manskshayata

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ + _ _ _

Atiucchabhashana _ _ _ + _ _ _ _ + _ _

(b) Manasika

Krodha + _ _ _ + + _ _ _ _ +

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Bhaya + _ + _ + + _ + + _ +

Shoka _ _ + + _ + _ + _ _ _

Utkantha _ _ + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Chinta _ _ _ + _ + _ + _ _ _

(3) Abhighataja

Abhighaata + + + _ + + + + _ + +

Marmaghata + _ _ _ + + + _ _ + +

Prapatana _ + + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Prapidana _ + _ _ _ + _ _ _ _ _

Gajoshtrashva sheeghra-yanapatanasanata

+ _ _ _ + _ + _ _ _ +

(4) Kalaja

Sheeta _ + _ _ _ _ _ _ + _ _

Abhra _ + _ _ _ _ _ _ + _ _

Pravata _ + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Gharmante _ + + _ _ _ _ + + _ _

Pratyusha _ + _ _ _ _ _ _ + _ _

Aprahne _ + + _ _ + _ _ + _ _

Jeerneanne _ + + + _ + _ + _ _ _

Dinkshanadyostrityan-shayo

_ _ + + _ _ _ + _ _ _

Shishira _ _ _ _ _ _ _ + _ _ _

Grishma _ _ + + _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Rupa

The symptoms which demonstrate a manifested disease are included under Rupa. A clear understanding of Rupa is inevitable for accurate diagnosis. Here Rupa (Lakshana) of Sandhigata vata from different Samhitas are collected. Almost in all Ayurvedic text Rupa of Sandhigata vata are very similar which is mentioned below.

Sr. Symptoms Cha.S. [16] Su.S. [17] As.S. As.H. Bha.Pra. [18] Ma.Ni. [19]

1 Sandhishoola + + + + + +

2 Sandhishotha + + + + + _

3 Vatapurna dritisparsha + _ + + _ _

4 Akunchana prasarana vedana + _ + + _ _

5 Hanti sandhi _ + _ _ + +

6 Sandhi Atopa _ _ _ _ _ +

Samprapti

The way in which the Dosha gets vitiated and the course it follows for the manifestation of disease is called Samprapti. From the onset of Dosha Dushya Dushti till the evolution of the Vyadhi there occurs various Vikriti. Samprapti explains such a series of pathological stages involved. It tells us about the complete pathogenesis of a disease. Acharya Charaka has mentioned that Nidana Sevana aggravates Vata and this Prakupita Vata gets accumulated in Rikta Srotas and gives rise to various generalized and localized diseases. [20] The way in which the Dosha gets Vitiated and the course it follows for the manifestation of disease is called Samprapti. [21] Acharya Vagbhatta frames the Samprapti of Vata Vyadhi like-

For the purpose of understanding the Samprapti of Sandhigata Vata can be studied under two heading. They are [22]– 1. Dhatukshaya Janya and 2. Avarana Janya Sandhigata Vata.

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Samprapti Chakra

Nidana sevana

Sthulta + Vata Vardhaka Nidana Vriddhavasthajanya (40 yrs onwards)

Vayu Prakopa (Dosha – dushti) Vayu Prakopa

Agnivaishmya

Kapha Kshya

Formation of Apakva Amarasa Agnivaishmya

Sroto avrodha End product is not in good quality

Dhatukshya (Anuloma kshya) Dhatukshya

Asthivaha Srotodushti

Sthana Sanshraya in Sandhi

Akunchan Prasarana vedna

Sandhishotha Sandhi kriyahani Sandhishula

Sparshasahyata Sandhi Sphutan Vatapurnadriti Sparsha

Sandhigata Vata

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On the other side, due to different type of Nidana sevan, different symptoms of Sandhgata Vata manifests. A particular type of Nidan savan gives a particular symptom and its pathogenesis is as follows-

(1)

( Shaka, Vallura, Shyamaka, (Langhana, Ratrijagrana,

Nivaara, Kodrava, Harenu etc.) Bharharana etc.)

Absorption of snehamsha of sandhi

Rukshata in srotasa and sandhi

Kha vaigunya

Dosha dhatu vaishamya

Obstructon of Dosha, Dhatu, Mala and Sandhi

Vayu prakopa Vatapurna druti sparsh

(2)

Masoor, kalaya, Aadhaki etc. Plavana etc.

Srotasa sankocha ( Kha vaigunya)

Vayu prakopa

Obstruction in the motion of dosha, dhatu & mala

Stambhana

Dhatu Poshana hani

Further vitiation of Vayu Sandhikriya hani and Doshapurnata

(3)

Kapha kshaya

Heena Dhatu poshana

Decrease in the snigdh and picchil guna of Dosha, Dhatu, Mala and Srotasa as well as it increases Laghu, Ruksha and Khara guna of Vayu

Vayu prakopa and gati avarodha Prasarana aakunchana and vedana

Rukshanna Ruksha vihar

Sheetanna Savan Sheetal Vihara

ALPA BHOJANA

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(4)

(Mudga, Varaka, Uddalaka etc.) (Plavana, Atiadhawa, Ativyayama etc.)

Dhatushoshana Agni dipti

Dhatupaka

Rukshata

Vayu kopa

Margavarodha (Sandhigata)

Further Vayu kopa in Sandhi Drutipurnata and Vedana

(5)

Guru, Abishyandi and Picchila aahara Diwashayana, Vegavidharana

like Nishpava, Masha, Dadhi etc. and Krodha etc.,

Agni dushti

Aamotpatti

Srotovarodha

Kha vaigunya

Vayu margavarodha Drutipurnata (Shopha) Vedana

(6)

(Chinta, Shoka, Bhaya,

Rogatikarshnata, Duhkhshayashanata)

Agni dushti

Asamyaka Dhatu utpatti

Dhatuposhana hani

Asthi and mansadi dhatu kshya

Vata prakopa in Sandhi and Asthi

Sandhikriya hani Sandhigata Vata

Adhyashana Vihara

Vishamashana Vihara

Laghu Anna Laghu Vihara

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(7)

(Prapidana, Prapatana etc.)

Atadhik Vayu kopa

Raktakopa

Margavrodha

Further vitiation of Vata Sandhi gata Vedana and Shopha

OBSEVATION AND RESULT

Sandhi is the Kapha (Shleshaka) sthana and due to the Vata prakopa nidana sevana prakupita Vata takes place in the Sandhi (kapha sthana) and absorbs Kapha on Sandhi sthana which leads to the clinical features like “Sandhishoola”, Sandhishotha”, “Vatapurna drithisparsha shotha”, “Prasarana Akunchanajanya vedana”, “Sparsha Ashyata”, “Sandhi Sphutana,” “Sandhi Graha” etc.

After this study we observe that taking a particular type of Nidan like Ruksha, Sheet, Laghu etc. produces particular type of Rupa of Sandhigata vata.

Acharya Vagbhatta quoted two type of Samprapti of Sandhigata vata- Dhatukshaya Janya and Avarana Janya but in this study we found that which Nidan produces which symptom of Sandhigata vata.

DISCUSSION

Sandhigata Vata is a most common disease in old age groups in all over the world. Sandhigata Vata is described in all Samhita and Sangraha Grantha as a separate clinical entity under the heading of Vata Vyadhi. The main symptoms and signs of Sandhigata Vata include Pain, Swelling, Stiffness, crepitus, pain on flexion and extension of the affected joint and tenderness. The swelling described by Acharya Charaka is of special type which is felt like a bag filled with air. Due to Nidana Sevana (Vata Vardhaka Nidana and Kalaja Nidana both), there is occurrence of Vata Prakopa leads to Asthivaha Srotodushti. Due to this Asthivaha Srotodushti, Sthanasamshraya of Dosha occurs in the Asthisandhi where Kha-vaigunya, Rikta Srotasa are already present and Dosha Dushya Sammurchhana takes place in the Sandhi, gives rise to a Sthanika Shleshma kshaya and Vata Vriddhi. Vatavriddhi leads to Sandhishoola, Sandhishotha and Kaphakshaya leads to Akunchana Prasaranajanya Vedana, Hantisandhigati etc. Vata is main factor affecting Sandhigata vata. Due to Ashraya ashrayi bhava of Vayu and Asthi, vitiation of Vata leads to decreased Shkeshak kapha in Sandhi.

CONCLUSION

Sandhigata vata is a disease in which the Prakupita vata dosha makes Sthana samshraya at Sandhi and make it unfit to perform its functions or to do the same with associated discomforts. Vata is vitiated due to much consumption of Ruksha, Sheet,

laghu ahar-vihar. This vitiated vata diminishes the Shleshk kapha of Sandhi because of these limitations of Sandhi occurs. So, a person suffering from Sandhigata vata is unable to do his day to day activity.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I heartily want to thanks to Dr. Rajesh Singh Sir, Lecturer Dept. of Dravyaguna, Shri N.P.A. Govt. Ayurvedic College, Raipur (C.G.) for his valuable time and knowledge for completion of this study.

REFFERENCE

1. Agnivesha, Charaka samhitha (Poorvardha), Sutra sthana chapter 1 shloka 57, vidyotini Hindi commentary, by Pt. Rajeshwarddatta Shastri, Chaukhambha Bharti Academy, Varanasi, Pg. 32.

2. Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita (purvardha), Sutra sthana chapter 1 shloka 59, Vidyotni tika, Edited by Pt. Rajeshwarddatta Shastri, Chaukhambha Bharti Academy, Varanasi.pg. 36.

3. Vagbhata, Astanga Hridaya, Sutra sthana, “Nirmala” Hindi commentary, by Dr. Bramhanand Tripathi, Chaukhambha sanskrit pratishthan, Delhi. Pg.165.

4. Sushruta, Sushruta samhita, (Uttarardha) Uttara Tantra chapter 1, shloka 25, by Kaviraj Dr. Ambikadutta Shastri, Chaukhambha Sanskrit samsthan Varanasi, Pg. 11.

Abighata

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5. Agnivesha, Charaka samhitha (Uttarardha), Chikitsa sthana chapter 28 shloka 15-17, vidyotini Hindi commentary, by Pt. Rajeshwarddatta Shastri, Chaukhambha Bharti Academy, Varanasi, Pg. 779.

6. Sushruta, Sushruta samhita, (purvardha) Sutra sthana, Chapter 21, shloka 19-20, by Kaviraj Dr. Ambikadutta Shastri, Chaukhambha Sanskrit samsthan Varanasi, Pg. 91.

7. Vagbhata, Astanga Samgraha with hindi commentary, vol 1, Nidan sthan, chapter 1, shloka 15, by Kaviraj Atrideva Gupta, Krishnadas academy, Varanasi, Pg. 346.

8. Vagbhata, Astanga Hridaya, Nidana sthana, chapter 1, shloka 14-15, “Nirmala” Hindi commentary, by Dr. Bramhanand Tripathi, Chaukhambha sanskrit pratishthan, Pg. 432.

9. Madhukosha, Madhava Nidanam of Madhavakar (Part-1), chapter 22, shloka 1-3, vidyotini Hindi commentary and notes, by Shree Sudarshana Shastri, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Bhawan.

10. Sharangdhara, Sharangdhara Samhita, poorva khanda, chapter 2, shloka 32-33, “Jiwanprada” hindi commentary, by Dr, Smt. Shailaja Shrivastava, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Pg. 23.

11. Yogaratnakara Vatavyadhinidanam, Vatavyadhi chikitsa Chapter 1, Sloka 4, Vaidya Lakshmipati sastry editor, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, Pg. 503.

12. Bhavamishra, Bhavaprakasha (part-2) Madhyamakhanda, Vatavyaddhi vikara, Shloka 1-3, edited with the Vydyotini Hindi commentary by Bhisagratna Pt. Shri Bramha Shankar Mishra, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Pg. 747.

13. Harita Samhita, vaidyaka Granth, prathama sthana, chapter 5, shloka 52-57, by Pt, Hariprasad Tripathi, Chokhambha Krishndas Academy, Pg. 36.

14. Bangasena, Bangasena Samhita(Chikitsasara samgraha), Vatavyadhi nidanama 1-4, by Dr. Rajeva Kumar ray, Prachya Prakashana, Varanasi, Pg. 249.

15. Gaganigraha of shri Vaidya Shodhala, Chikitsa khandda (Part-2), chapter 19, shloka 1-4, by Shri Indradeva Tripathi, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan. pg. 465.

16. Agnivesha, Charaka samhitha (Uttarardha), Chikitsa sthana chapter 28 shloka 37, vidyotini Hindi commentary, by Pt. Rajeshwarddatta Shastri, Chaukhambha Bharti Academy, Varanasi, Pg. 783.

17. Sushruta, Sushruta samhita (purvardha), Nidana sthana, chapter 1, shloka 28, by Kaviraj Dr. Ambikadutta Shastri, Chaukhambha Sanskrit samsthan Varanasi, Pg. 230.

18. Bhavamishra, Bhavaprakasha (part-2) Madhyamakhanda, Vatavyaddhi vikara, shloka 24, edited with the Vydyotini hindi commentary by Bhisagratna Pt. Shri Bramha Shankar Mishra, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Pg. 775.

19. Madhukosha, Madhava Nidanam of Madhavakar (Part-1), chapter 22, shloka 21, vidyotini Hindi commentary and notes, by Shree Sudarshana Shastri, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Bhawan.

20. Agnivesha, Charaka samhitha (Uttarardha), Chikitsa sthana chapter 28 shloka 17-18, vidyotini Hindi commentary, by Pt. Rajeshwarddatta Shastri, Chaukhambha Bharti Academy, Varanasi, Pg. 779.

21. Vagbhata, Astanga Hridaya, Nidana sthana, chapter 1, shloka 8, “Nirmala” Hindi commentary, by Dr. Bramhanand Tripathi, Chaukhambha sanskrit pratishthan, Pg. 431.

22. Vagbhata, Astanga Hridaya, Nidana sthana, chapter 15, shloka 5-6, “Nirmala” Hindi commentary, by Dr. Bramhanand Tripathi, Chaukhambha sanskrit pratishthan, Pg. 537.

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Cite this article as: Gajendra Renuka. Concept of Different Samprapti of Sandhigata Vata. AYUSHDHARA, 2018;5(2):1648-1656.

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