An infectious particle made only

of a ________________

or ________ surrounded by a

________________.

_________________ microrganisms that can cause infection.

____________________ ____________________

_____________________________________________

-Any __________________ or ___________________ that can cause an __________________________. -Also known as _________________________.

LIVING THING PARTICLEINFECTIOUS DISEASE

INFECTIOUS AGENT

STRAND OF DNA

RNA

PROTEIN COAT

ONE-CELLED PROKARYOTIC

1. PROTEIN COAT, (CAPSID)

2. CHROMOSOME-LIKE PART

VIRION: Genetic material surrounded by the capsid.

VIRUSES HAVE DIFFERENT SHAPES

1. __________________: DNA material enclosed within lipid envelope. Often have spikes

2. ________________: Long, narrow, coiled shape helix.

3. _________________: Many sided viruses

ENVELOPED

HELICAL

POLYHEDRAL

2. Viruses that infect ___________________.a. Enter cell by endocytosis or

fusing with the membrane of host cell

1. Viruses that infect _______________

a. ____________________-groups of viruses that prey on bacteria.

b. Enter cell by first attaching its tail and spikes, breaking down cell wall, and injecting its DNA.

Bacteria

BacteriophagesEukaryotes

1

2

3

45

6

ANIMATION

LYTIC INFECTION LYSOGENIC INFECTION

REGARDLESS OF HOW A VIRUS INFECTS, IT IS ALWAYS INFECTIOUSLYTIC INFECTION LYSOGENIC INFECTION

1. _________________________:a. __________ known ‘cold’ viruses’b. _____________ as the move from one host to the next

2. _________________________:a. Spreads quickly and causes ___________________

- ____________________ of an infection that affects many people

b. _____________ of US population is infected with flu each year

c. Has a high _________________ rate of surface proteins on capsids-________________________________

__________________________________d. __________ influenza subtypes infect ______________e. Other subtypes might infect _____________________________

THE COMMON COLD200MUTATE

INFLUENZAEPIDEMICS

RAPID OUTBREAK

20%

Only 3 HUMANSHORSES, PIGS, WHALES, SEALS

MUTATIONMAKING A NEED FOR NEW!

VACCINES EVERY YEAR!

Flu of 1918

Common Cold

Flu

German Measles

Mumps

Measles

Chickenpox

Mononucleosis

Cold sores

Hepatitis

Polio

Smallpox

Herpes/Warts

Aids

First Defense:

_______________________

•______________________

•______________________

•______________________

Second Defense:

_______________________

•______________________

•______________________

•______________________

Third Defense:_______________________

Body Coverings

Cuts in Skin

Mucous Membranes

Body Openings

Immune System

White Blood Cells

Antibodies

Interferon

Vaccines

___________: White blood cells

that can surround and

destroy, “_____” a pathogen.

___________: White Blood

Cells that “Remember” antigen and

produce _____________

Macrophage

B-Cells

antibodies

eat

•Chemicals made by specialized ____________________

•Help ____________ viruses and harmful bacterium

•May be ________________________________ OR may be held captive until _______________ can surround and destroy it

WHITE BLOOD CELLS

DESTROY

DESTROYED BY ANTIBODIES

macrophage

•Chemical substance that ____________________ with the way viruses _______________.

•___________________________ to other cells.

INTERFEREREPRODUCE

WARNING SYSTEM

Bioterror

•Substances made from __________________________.

•Introduce a ___________ into the ________________.

•Stimulate ___________ into action, Which create ________________ and a ______________ record of the pathogen.

•Give organisms ____________ to future infections of same ________________.

DEAD OR WEAKENED PATHOGENS

DISEASEBLOODSTREAM

B-CELLS

ANTIBODIESMEMORY

IMMUNITY

PATHOGEN

______________

1. All viruses live as _____________________

2. Viruses can be __________________________ diseases.

a. Viruses can reproduce

b. They are spread by:

WATER

AIR

INSECTSFOOD

PARASITESCOMMUNICABLE

______________

______________

______________

1.Reduce carrier organisms such as mosquitoes, fleas, ticks

2.Cover your mouth or nose when you sneeze or cough.

3.Wash your hands frequently, especially after going to the bathroom or preparing food.

4.Avoid contact with the bodily fluids of others.

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

•They are one of two __________________

____________________________

•They are _____________________.

•They contain __________________

• ____________________: (300 could be in a line on the tip of your pencil, but they’re still larger than viruses)

•Found _____________________: (live in water, air, soil, food)

•Classified by ______________

•Can be found as _______________, _____________, or _______________

•Reproduce by _________________.

•Can be _______________________

MICROSCOPIC

EVERYWHERE

SHAPE

SINGLE CELLSPAIRS COLONIES

FISSION

PROKARYOTES

GENETIC MATERIAL

SINGLE-CELLED

HELPFUL or HARMFUL

(Having NO Nucleus)

Capsule

•No nucleus, (only one main chromosome)

•Cell Wall

•Cell Membrane

•Some have a capsule

•Cytoplasm

•Some have a flagellum

cytoplasm

Flagellum

Chromosome Material Cytoplasm

CapsuleCell Wall

Cell Membrane

Endospore

If conditions were harsh, how would a bacterial cell survive?

_________________________________________________________

What would you say is the most important part of the cell? ___________DNA

IT WOULD NEED PROTECTION AGAINST ELEMENTS

1. ENDOSPORE: _______________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________.

a. Bacterium copies its _________________________

b. Produces a _____________ around the copy

2. CAPSULE: __________________________________________ ____________________________________________________

A SPECIALIZED CELL WITH A THICK PROTECTIVE WALL FORMED WHEN CONDITIONS ARE UNFAVORABLE FOR A BACTERIA CELL

chromosome

wall

Surrounds the entire cell and keeps it from drying out: ___________

Whip-like structure: __________

Thick-walled structure that forms inside the cell enclosing DNA material:

___________

Allows material to pass in and out of bacteria cell: ___________

Helps the bacteria cell to ‘stick’ to food and other surfaces: ___________

Forms when living conditions are not ideal for bacteria to live: __________

Gives the cell a basic shape: __________

Contains the traits of the bacteria cell: __________

Helps bacteria cell to move: __________

ENDOSPORE

ENDOSPORE

CELL WALLCHROMOSOME

FLAGELLA

CAPSULE

CELL MEMBRANE

FLAGELLA

CAPSULE

1. ______________________:

2. ______________________:

3. ______________________:

Parasites

Saprophytes/ Decomposers

Producers

Feed off of a living host

Use dead materials for food

Contain chlorophyll and make their own food

Streptococcus

Pseudomonas

Cay

____________________ ____________________ ____________________COCCI = ROUND BACILLI = ROD SPIRILLA = SPIRAL

_____________________ _____________________ _____________________

_____________________ _____________________ _____________________

_____________________ _____________________ _____________________

BACILLUS DIPLOCOCCUS STREPTOCOCCUS

COCCUS STREPTOBACILLUS BACILLUS

SPIRILLUM STAPHYLOCOCCUS ENDOSPORE

•MOISTURE

•CERTAIN TEMPERATURE

•FOOD

•DARKNESS, (MOST)

•OXYGEN, (MOST)

________________________________

________________________________

________________________________

________________________________

________________________________

___________________

___________________

___________________ ___________________

___________________

Pools and Spas

Waste Bins/Garbage

Toothbrushes

Refrigerators

Petting Zoos

______________________:

•Round shaped bacteria that form chains

•Causes ____________________ and if introduced into tissue through a cut or scrape, it can cause _______________________

STREPTOCOCCI

STREP THROAT

FLESH EATING DISEASE

Chemicals that ___________ or ________________ the growth of bacteriaWork by stopping bacteria from making ___________________.Produced naturally by some species of ________________ and _________________.The can be used as medicine without damage since animal cells do not have ________________.

KILL SLOW

CELL WALLSBACTERIA

FUNGI

CELL WALLS

Through Air: Bacteria can be transferred through the air by wind, sneeze, or cough

Water: Drinking water containing bacteria

Sexual Contact: exchange of body fluids including semen, mucus, and blood

Insects: Carry bacteria and pass it when they bite or through their fescues.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Diseases that are passed from one organism to another.

Can be spread in several ways:

1. ______________________- first destroying bacteria by raising temperatures, and then storing them in airtight containers.

2. _____________________-process of heating milk to kill harmful bacteria.

3. _____________________-slows the growth of food by lowering their temperature.

4. _____________________-removing the water from foods so that bacteria can’t live there.

CANNING

PASTEURIZTION

COOLING/FREEZING

DEHYDRATION

1. Manufacture vitamins_____________________2. Aid the _______________ process

3. Clean the ______________ tract

4. Destroy ______________, ________________, and _______________.

5. Help to increase the number of ______________________________

6. Protect us from environmental _____________, ______________ and __________________.

B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, A, & K

DIGESTION

INTESTINAL

MOLDS VIRUSES

OTHER PARASITES

IMMUNE SYSTEM CELLS

TOXINSPESTICIDESPOLLUTANTS

Did you know that there are more bacteria in your digestive system than there are cells that compose your body?

That there are more helpful bacteria than harmful bacteria?

That if you weighed the bacteria in your body it

would way around 4 lbs?