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Prof. Franco CotanaPresident founder CIRIAF – CRB
Italian Biomass Research CentreUniversity of Perugia, IT
Working Group on Capacity Building
AN EXAMPLE OF R&D EXPERIENCE
June, 22 2016
CIRIAF – Interuniversity Research Centre on Pollution
and Environment M. Felli
CRB – Biomass Research CentreDepartment of
Engineering
Inaugurazione Sede e Laboratori di CRB e CIRIAF
Biomass
Research
Centre
CIRIAF - Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sull’Inquinamento da Agenti Fisici CIRIAF – CIRIAF is an inter-university research centre founded in 1997 by the University of Perugia and University of Roma Tre. University of Florence, Pisa, L'Aquila, Rome "La Sapienza" and Polytechnic of Bari have later joined the agreement. The administrative seat of the Centre is at the University of Perugia. Actually the members of the Scientific Council of CIRIAF are more than 100 from 14 different Universities.
CIRIAF Offices, Laboratories and facilities
Perugia
• Headquarter and offices
• Laboratories
S. Apollinare
• Headquarter
• Pilot plant
Terni
• Headquarter
• Laboratories
BIOENERGY AND RES - RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE
LAND USE IN ITALY
1950 – Land for agriculture: 12-14 M ha
2015 – Land for agriculture: 7-8 M ha
Lost lands:
- buildings, infrastructures… 0,5 M ha
- Re-forestry, abandoned
marginal lands 4-6 M ha
ILUC EU DIRECTIVE –Draft 2015
Indirect Land Use Change
Art. 2, 2.d “the share of energy from biofuels produced from cereal
and other starch-rich crops, sugars and oil crops and from other
crops grown as main crops primarily for energy purposes on
agricultural land shall be no more than 7% of the final
consumption of energy in transport in the Member States in 2020”
Art. 3, 2.af “sets an indicative 0.5% target for advanced
biofuels from:
o Algae in ponds or photobioreactors;
o Biomass fraction of municipal and industrial solid waste;
o bio-waste;
o Straw;
o Animal manure and sewage sludge;
o Palm oil mill effluent, bagasse,
o Biomass fraction of wastes and residues from forestry and
forest based industry”
a) Harvesting of lignocellulosic biomass from the trasport infrastructures; roads, railways; from streams and drainage channels
b) Biomass from the shores and from rivers (Sarzana, Magra, Corbara Dam)
c) Recovery of lignocellulosic biomass from tree pruning of public and private green spaces
d) Reuse of byproducts from the food pathway (expired foods, food waste etc.)
e) Agricolture byproducts (straw, rapiers etc)
Sustainability and Diversification of the
Biomass Pathway
f) Agro-zootechnical residues and wastes
g) Energy crops on marginal and abandoned lands; unsuitable for agriculture
h) Pruning: olive groves, orchards, vineyards
i) Twigs from coppice wood cutting
j) Lignocelluosic biomass from packaging and waste
Sustainability and Diversification of the
Biomass Pathway
Biomass from forestry (wood excluded) 17 Mt
Biomass from agricultural residues (straw) 10,5 Mt
Biomass from agro-industrial residues 0,85 Mt
Biomass from trees residues (prunings) 3,2
set-aside energy crops (800.000 ha)
Marginal lands crops (3Mha)
12 Mt
24Mt
TOTAL ITALIAN BIOMASS POTENTIAL 67,55 Mt
TOTALE ITALIAN MANURE POTENTIAL 132 Mt
= 20 Mtoe Primary Energy
Italian Potential in Bioenergy
Examples of sustainable chains
A. STRANDED DRIFTWOOD BIOMASS
B. PROJECT CARDOON: DRY-SUSTAINABLE CROPS –LANDSCAPE VALUE
C. ENERGY FROM VINEYARD RESIDUES
D. BIOCHEMICALS FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS: BIOETHANOL, BIODIESEL, LIGNIN, NCC
E. PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE: BLUE GROWTH
A. Stranded Driftwood
biomass, riverbeds and drainage canals
A. STRANDED DRIFTWOOD BIOMASS
Marinella di Sarzana
A. STRANDED DRIFTWOOD BIOMASS
A. RIVERBEDS AND DRAINAGE CANALS
B.Project CARDOON
Dry-Sustainable Crops –Landscape value
1. Straw 2. Seed oil 3. Squeezing Panel 4.Honey 5. Biochemicals14 t/ha 500 l/ha 1 t/ha 15 kg/ha value chain
NCC,Lignin for cosmetics
B. DRY-SUSTAINABLE CROPS –LANDSCAPE VALUE
STRAW14 t/ha
SEEDS 1,7 t/ha
Rotoimballatrice
PANEL 1 t/ha
OIL 500 l/ha
Zootechnic Fodder
Bioplastics
CRB - S. APOLLINARESqueezing plant Mini biogas plant
CARDO CEROSO0,2 t/g
CRB - LABS
Reactor ofSteamExplosion
Driftwood RiverBiomass
YEAR I – Sowing the cardoon (2 ha)
Mainteinance
YEAR II – Experimentation
Gasification & turbine
Harvester
B. PROJECT CARDOON – The CHAINBiomass, Energy, Landscape from Lignocellulosic and Agriculture Residues
PARTNERSHIP
GANTT
RegioniComuni
Attività Anno 1 Anno 2 Anno 3
1. Sowing the seeds of cardoon (2 ha)
2.1 Intensive sowing (cooperatives of coop.)2.2 Lab experimentation & pilot plant
3. Cofiring in a coal plant
B. PROJECT CARDOON – Landscape ValueBiomass, Energy, Landscape from Lignocellulosic and Agriculture Residues
C.FACEB Project
Sustainability Village- Circular Economy
First step: CIRCULAR ECONOMY: SMART GREEN VILLAGE in HISTORIC BUILDINGS
1. Oil milling plant
2. Trigenerationplant
3. The first historic building LEED-HB
4. Mini biogas plant for the community
Vegetable Oil Pathway
(FACEB project)
SEEDSOIL
4
1
2
3
FOOD
ACQUE NERE/FORSU
WC
CANTEEN
HEAT
Electricity
Sewage/OFMSW
RESIDUES
OIL CHAIN
VEGETAL OIL PATHWAY
1. Oil milling plant
WEIGH STATION
SEEDS UNLOADING HOPPER
OIL FILTER
MILLING PLANT
OIL MANIFOLD
OIL TANK
OIL TANK
SEEDS TANK
SEEDS LOADING
SEEDS TANK
SEEDS SCREENING
SEEDS EXTRACTION
n.2 oil storage tanks, 25 m3/eachn.2 seeds storage tanks, 100 tons/each
VEGETAL OIL PATHWAY
1. Oil milling plant
MILLING PLANT OIL FILTER
SEEDSMILLING PLANT
1. Oil milling plant
VEGETAL OIL PATHWAY
VEGETAL OIL PATHWAY
1. Oil milling plant
VEGETAL OIL PATHWAY
1. Oil milling plant
Vegetal Oil co-generator Cooling plant, Evaporation System
Electric Power = 100 kWeThermal Power= 150 kWt
8.000 h/year
VEGETAL OIL PATHWAY
2. Trigeneration plant
Cooling Power= 80 kWf
3. Historic building refurbishmentThe first historic LEED-HB under certification building in the world. Objective: LEED-HB Gold rating > 60 points
Linea captazione biogas 4”
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
4. Mini biogas plant for the community
Underground facilities:Hydrolyser (7 mc)+ Digestor I (7 mc) + Digestor II (7 mc)
4. Mini biogas plant for the community
Electric Power: 10-30 kWThermal power: 50-70 kWBiogas consumption: 5-9 mc/h
4. Mini biogas plant for the community
D.ERAASPV Project
Energy from vineyard residues
C. Landscape ValueUmbria Region
C. ERAASPV Project – Renewable Energy from Vineyard Pruning for Agriculture Farms
1-Rotobagging 2-Storage and transport 3-Chipping and storage
4-Energy Enhancement
VINEYARDS: >250 Ha
Biofuel Wood chips
Burner power 600 kW
Useful power 400 kW(compromise consumptions/availability)
Thermal efficiency 66%
Type of burner Moving grate
Thermal recovering Exhaust gas/diathermic oil exchanger
Thermodynamics fluid Diathermic oil up to 300°C
BIOMASS ENERGY CONVERSION
150 tons d.b/year – 720 MWh/year
HOT WATER
85°C
(company rooms
heating)
COLD WATER
-10°C
(barrels conditioning in
vinification process)
COLD WATER
7°C
(company rooms
air conditioning)
SUPER-HEATED
WATER
(bottles
sterilization)
Biomass boiler characteristics C. ERAASPV Project
Trimming Bundles: NATURAL DRYING
Trimming Waste Harvesting
C. Wineyard prunings residues chain
Chipping machine: used in zootechnics
C. Wineyard prunings residues chain
Wood chips storage
Chips storage
volume: 60 mc
autonomy: min
7-8 days
Biomass diathermic oil boiler
Exhaust gas cleaning
C. Wineyard prunings residues chainEnergy enhancement
Absorption chiller
Expansion joints in pipes
Connections with existing plants
C. Wineyard prunings residues chain
E. Biochemicalsfrom lignocellulosic
biomass:Bioethanol
D. CRB LABORATORIES
Biofuels and biochemicals lab
Steam Generator
Steam Explosion Reactor and Expansion Chamber
Biorector
Distillation unit
D. BIOETA 2 Project – II generation Bioethanol
Kick off meeting19-03-2014
Technological Cluster on Green Chemistry
SPRING – Sustainable Processes and Resources for Innovationand National Growth
E. Biochemicalsfrom lignocellulosic
biomass:Biodiesel
D. BIODIE 2 Project – II generation Biodiesel
Fischer-Tropsch process
E. Biochemicalsfrom lignocellulosic
biomass:Lignin Project
D. LIGNIN Project
1. Co-firing coal-lignin 2. Bio-building applications
of lignin
E. Biochemicals from lignocellulosic
biomass:NCC Project
• The most abundant renewable organic material produced
in the biosphere
•Fundamental constituent of plants (support function)
also found in tunicates and to a lesser extent in algae,
bacteria, fungi, amoebae
D. NCC – Nano Crystalline Cellulose
From tree to NCC
Cellulose molecules assemble into large units know as protofibrils, microfibrils, fibers
(Jones et al., 2007)
D. NCC – Nano Crystalline Cellulose
NCC
PROTECTION
REINFORCEMENT
OPTICAL
BIOMEDICAL/COSMETIC
Storing
Paper moneyPaints
Coatings
AntimicrobialCosmetic
Farmaceutical(drug delivery) Nanocomposites
Bio-nanocompositesNanopaper
D. NCC – Nano Crystalline Cellulose
Properties
Steam Explosion Pretreatment Acid
Hydrolysis
Dialysis Centrifugation
D. NCC – Nano Crystalline Cellulose
F.Prospects for the future:
Blue growth
CHARACTERISTICS-Surface: 5 ha-Biomass production 1500 tons/year-Drainage and floating tube: 4-5 m diameter, -Emptying every 2 months-Species: a. Chlorella Vulgaris salina
b. Dunaliella Bardawil salina
Micro-algae
E. BLUE GROWTHProject MARE
Micro Algae Renewable Energy
Culture Surface
Sea
Foating Pipe
Hydraulic actuator
PV
Wind plant
Biomass Distribution System
A new use of the sea surfaces…
Patent pending
PV
Wind plant
Pumping SystemCulture Surface Floating Systems
Hydraulic actuator
Biomass Distribution System
Cultire Surface Floating Systems
PV
Wind plant
Pumping System
Biomass Distribution System
Hydraulic actuator
H2
Electrolitic Cell
Photovoltaics
Modules
P
O2
Methanation
CH4
CO2
- from biogas upgrading
- from combustion
300 °C
2 Bar Ru
SOLARGAS PRODUCTION
Sabatier Process
CO2 + 4 H2 CH4 + 2 H20H2O + H2 1/2 O2
1. BIOMETHANE PATHWAY
2. SOLARGAS PATHWAY
1 hectare of cultivated field
1 hectare of Photovoltaics
8000 mc
biogas/year
760000 kWh
4.500 mc
bioCH4/year
16.000 mc
photoCH4/year
η = 0,45 %
η ≈ 3 % instead
0,45%
Water electrolysis
PhD PROGRAMME
PhD Programme
in Energy
Engineering
PhD Programme
in Rural Sustainable
Development
PhD Programme
in Energy and
Sustainable
Development
Inaugurazione Sede e Laboratori di CRB e CIRIAFCity of Perugia, Golden Roll of honour 2013 20th June 2013
More than 70 researchers are employed at CIRIAF