An Evaluation of Master Trainer Training Program under

the Drug Resistance Education (DRE)

Dr. Md. Azharul Islam

Shamima Shirin

Primary Prevention and Risk Reduction through Drug Resistance Education (DRE)

and School Education through Teachers Training (GFATM #903, R-6 Scaling up)

April 30, 2009

1

Z‡_¨i we‡kølY

fywgKv: c~e©eZx© Aa¨vq-G D‡jøL Kiv n‡qwQj †h, GB M‡elYv Kvh©µgwU wbweo mv¶vrKvi c×wZ‡Z m¤úbœ nq| GB M‡elYvi gyL¨ Z_¨`vZv n‡jb, gv÷vi †UªBbvi| Zviv cvqvK&U evsjv‡`k KZ©„K Av‡qvwRZ gv`K wb‡iva wk¶vi Dci wZbw`‡bi gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs Kvh©µ†g AskMÖnY K‡ib| gv÷vi †UªBbviMY wZbwU welq Z_v gv`K, GBPAvBwf/GBWm Ges Rxeb `¶Zvi Dci Zv‡`i AwR©Z mgy`q Ávb I `¶Zv cieZx©‡Z wcqvi GWy‡KUi‡`i †Uªwbs w`‡Z wM‡q Ges cÖwZôvb ch©v‡q wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Kvh©µg Z`viKx I cwiex¶Y Kv‡R cª‡qvM K‡iwQ‡jb| GB cy‡iv cÖwµqvi Dci gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i mwÂZ Ávb, `¶Zv I AwfÁZvB n‡jv- M‡elYvi Rb¨ e¨eüZ Z‡_¨i g~j Drm| Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ ˆZix wbweo mv¶vrKvi wmwWI‡j cÖK…Zc‡¶ gv`K wb‡iv‡a wcqvi GWy‡Kkb Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi GB cy‡iv cÖwµqvq Zv‡`i wK ai‡bi Ávb, `¶Zv I AwfÁZv n‡qwQj †mme welqe ‘i Aš—f©yw³| GB Uzj&m cÖ‡qvM Kivi Rb¨ digvj ¯‹zj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹y‡ji h_vµ‡g 11 Ges 10 Rb gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡K †`‡ki QqwU wefvMxq kni †_‡K bgybv wn‡m‡e †e‡Q †bqv nq| cvqvK&U evsjv‡`k M‡elYv Uxg gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i wbR wbR cÖwZôvb ågY K‡i wbweo mv¶vrKv‡ii gva¨‡g Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv nq| cieZx©‡Z, msM„nxZ Z_¨ cÖwµqvRvZ Kiv nq| GB M‡elYvq wbweo mv¶vrKv‡i gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i KvQ †_‡K cÖvß Z_¨vejx Ggb fv‡e web¨¯— Kiv n‡q‡Q, hv gv`K wb‡iva wk¶vi wkLb ¯—i †_‡K ïi“ K‡i ev¯—evqb ¯—i ch©š— we¯—…Z| Av‡jvPbvq M‡elYvi D‡Ïk¨ hv‡Z mn‡RB Abyf~Z nq, Z‡_¨i avivevwnKZv mgwbœZ _v‡K Ges Z_¨Dcv‡Ëi we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g m¤¢ve¨ wm×v‡š— DcbxZ nIqv hvq, ‡mRb¨ cÖwZwU g~j welq h_v-gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs, wcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs Ges wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Kvh©µgmn -we‡k lY Dc‡hvMx welq¸‡jv K‡qKwU cÖavb wk‡ivYv‡gi AvIZvq Avbv nq| wb‡gœ †m¸‡jv Dc ’vcb Kiv n‡jv:

gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs

1.gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs †_‡K gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i †kL‡bi welqe ‘ 2. cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖx 3. cÖwk¶Y cØwZ 4. cÖwk¶‡Yi me‡P‡q mej Ges me‡P‡q ye©j w`Kmg~n 5. cÖwk¶Y †_‡K gv÷vi †UªBbvi†`i AR©‡bi gvÎv I cÖwk¶‡Yi cÖfve 6. gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs Gi DbœqbK‡í gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i mycvwik

wcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs

1. wcqvi GWy‡KUi†`i‡K ‡kLv‡bv ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welqmg~n 2. wcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs mvgMÖx 3. wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡`i gv‡S gv`K wb‡iv‡a wcqvi GWy‡Kkb c×wZi mwVKZv, myweav I Amyweav Ges Kvh©KvixZv 4. wcqvi GWy‡KUi ‡Uªwbs Gi mgqKvj Ges ¸YMZgvb m¤ú‡K© gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i gZvgZ

2

wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Ukb

1. gv`K wb‡iva Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡b wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡`i AskMÖnY 2. Iwi‡q›Ukb c×wZ, Abyôv‡bi mgq, e¨vP cÖwZ Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi mgq Ges mgqKvj 3. wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡b cÖvß mn‡hvwMZvi aib 4. wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Ukb mvgMÖx 5. wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi gvb, wcqvi‡`i Drmvn Ges Kvh©KvixZv 6. wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi d‡j wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡`i gv‡S cwieZ©b 7. bZzb cÖR‡b¥i †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i†K gv`K m¤ú‡K© Rvbv‡bvi cwiKíbv 8. wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Dbœqb m¤ú‡K© gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i Ab¨vb¨ mycvwik

3

gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs

1.1. gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs †_‡K gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i †kL‡bi welqe¯‘ wbweo mv¶vrKv‡i digvj-¯‹zj I bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs-G AskMÖnYKvix gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i KvQ †_‡K Rvb‡Z PvIqv n‡qwQj †h, Zviv gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs G ‡Kvb ‡Kvb welq †R‡bwQ‡jb †h¸‡jvi Dci Zviv ¯”Q aviYv jvf K‡iwQ‡jb| ZvQvov, gv÷vi †UªBbviMY wcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs cÖ vb Ges wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Z`viKx Ki‡Z wM‡q Ggb †Kvb welq Dcjwä K‡iwQ‡jb , hv Zviv gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs ‡_‡K Rvb‡Z cvi‡j A_ev Av‡iv fv‡jvfv‡e Rvbv‡Z cvi‡j wcqvi‡`i Rb¨ fv‡jv n‡Zv, Gme Z_¨ gv÷vi †UªBbv‡`i wbKU †_‡K Rvb‡Z PvIqv n‡qwQj| -D‡j wLZ wel‡qi Dci gv÷vi ‡UªBbv‡`i gZvg‡Zi Dci wfwË K‡i wb‡gœ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv : • gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs-G gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i ¯”Q aviYv jv‡fi welqmg~n

Ôgv`K wb‡iva wk¶vÕi Dci cÖwk¶YcÖvß gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i †`qv mgy`q gZvg‡Zi Aš—wb©wnZ ‰ewk‡ó¨i Av‡jv‡K cªvq mvgÄm¨c~Y© c„_K c„_K gZvgZ¸‡jv‡K me©gq (Fully Identical) Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ bqwU we‡kl †kªYx¸‡”Q mwbœwnZ Kiv nq| ‡hgb-

mviYx 2: gv÷vi †UªBbv‡`i ¯”Q aviYv jv‡fi welqmg~n

wk¶‡Yi welqe ‘

gZvgZ msL¨v digvj ¯‹zj N=11 (%)

bb-digvj ¯‹zj N=10 (%)

‡gvU N=21 (%)

gv`K, gv`‡Ki aib, cÖKvi‡f`, DrcwË ’j 64 50 57 Rxeb `¶Zv, gv`K cÖwZ‡iva, gv`K I GBWm‡K bv ejvi ‡KŠkj

36 50 43

GBPAvBwf/GBWm wK, Gi BwZnvm I ¶wZKi w`K 45 40 38 gv`‡Ki fqven cÖfve, cwiYwZ 27 50 38 gv`‡Ki mv‡_ GBPAvBwf Gi m¤úK© 36 30 33 gv`K †me‡bi KviY, j¶Y, gv`Kvmw³ 36 30 33 gv`‡Ki SzuwKc~Y© Rb‡Mvôx 36 30 33 gv`K wb‡iva wk¶v, wcqvi GWy‡Kkb cÖwµqv, gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i `vwqZ¡

27 30 29

GBPAvBwf msµgY/ Qov‡bvi fªvš— aviYvi Aemvb 18 30 23

Dc‡ii mviYx †_‡K Abygvb Kiv hvq †h, digvj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹zj wbwe©‡k‡l gv÷vi †UªBbviMY gv÷vi †Uªwbs ch©v‡q gv`K wb‡iva wk¶vi Dci AvbygvwbK 24 wUi g‡Zv welqe ‘ m¤ú‡K© †R‡bwQ‡jb Ges H¸‡jvi Dci ¯”Q aviYv jvf K‡iwQ‡jb| digvj ¯‹z‡ji †ewkifvM (64%) gv÷vi †UªBbvi Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji A‡a©Kvsk (50%) A_©vr digvj I bb-digvj ¯‹zj wbwe©‡k‡l AwaK msL¨K (57%) gv÷vi †UªBbvi gv`K, gv`‡Ki aib I DrcwË ’j m¤ú‡K© †R‡bwQ‡jb Ges ‡m¸‡jvi Dci ^”Q aviYv jvf K‡iwQ‡jb| bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji 50% K‡i gv÷vi †UªBbvi gv`‡Ki fqven cÖfve I cwiYwZ Ges Rxeb `¶Zv m¤ú‡K© †R‡bwQ‡jb Ges ‡m¸‡jvi Dci ^”Q aviYv jvf K‡iwQ‡jb| GB cwiw ’wZi GKRb gv÷vi †UªBbv‡ii g‡Z, ÔcÖwk¶‡Yi d‡j gv`K, GBPAvBwf GBWm Ges Rxeb `¶Zv m¤ú‡K© cy‡ivcywi ^”Q aviYv jvf Ki‡Z †c‡iwQÕ| Ab¨w`‡K, digvj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji me©vwaK msL¨K gv÷vi †UªBbvi h_vµ‡g

4

45% Ges 30% GBPAvBwf/GBWm wK Ges Gi BwZnvm I ¶wZKi w`K m¤ú‡K© †R‡bwQ‡jb| -D‡j wLZ wkL‡bi welq QvovI digvj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji me©vwaK msL¨K, h_vµ‡g 36% Ges 30% K‡i gv÷vi †UªBbvi cÖwk¶Y †_‡K gv`‡Ki mv‡_ GBPAvBwf Gi m¤úK©, gv`K †me‡bi KviY, j¶Y I gv`Kvmw³ Ges gv`‡Ki SzuwKc~Y© Rb‡Mvôx m¤ú‡K© ^”Q aviYv jvf K‡iwQ‡jb| digvj ¯‹z‡ji GKRb gv÷vi †UªBbv‡ii g‡Z, Ôgv`‡Ki mv‡_ GBPAvBwf/GBWm Gi m¤úK©, gv`Kvmw³i KviY Ges SzuwKc~Y© Rb‡Mvôx m¤ú‡K© Lye fv‡jv fv‡e †R‡bwQ, G‡Z Avgvi ^”Q aviYv n‡q‡Q|Õ gv`K Ges GBPAvBwf m¤ú‡K© cÖwk¶Y †_‡K gv÷vi †UªBbviMY Avi †Kvb wel‡qi Dci ^”Q aviYv jvf K‡iwQ‡jb wK-bv, Rvb‡Z PvIqv n‡j Zviv Rvbvb †h, Ôgvbyl †Kb gv`K MÖnY K‡i, mvaviY †Qvuqvq ev ¯ú‡k© GBPAvBwf Qovq bv, gkv ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †cvKvi Kvg‡o GBPAvBwf Qovq bvÕ BZ¨vw` wel‡q Zv‡`i ^”Q aviYv n‡qwQj e‡j Rvbvb|

digvj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji mv¶vZ`vZv gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i wKQz gZvgZ wb‡gœ Zv‡`i fvlvq ûeû cÖ vb Kiv n‡jv: digvj-¯‹zj:

• gv`‡Ki fqvenZv we‡kl K‡i wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡`i KZ ~i wb‡q †h‡Z cv‡i, gv`‡Ki kvixwiK I gvbwmK ¶wZ, agx©q I mvgvwRK ¶wZ m¤ú‡K© ^”Q aviYv jvf K‡iwQ|

• gv`K, gv`‡Ki AcKvwiZv, wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡`i gv‡S Gi cÖfve, agx©q I mvgvwRK „wó‡KvY †_‡K Gi e¨envi BZ¨vw` wel‡q Avgvi ^”Q aviYv n‡q‡Q|

• c~‡e© gv`K wb‡iv‡ai Dci mvgvb¨ wKQz aviYv wQj| wKš‘ wZbw`‡bi gv÷vi †Uªwbs K‡i A‡bK welq AeMZ n‡qwQ hv Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q ^”Q n‡q‡Q|

• eZ©gv‡b hyemgvR gv`‡Ki cÖwZ †Kb AvK…ó n‡”Q, †KbB ev Zviv bó n‡q hv‡”Q G wel‡q ¯”Q aviYv jvf K‡iwQ|

• Av‡M RvbZvg GBPAvBwf Avµvš— †ivMxi mv‡_ Pjv‡div, †gjv‡gkv Ki‡j GBPAvBwf Qovq wKš‘ †Uªwbs G G‡m Gme åvš— aviYv ~i n‡q †M‡Q|

bb-digvj ¯‹zj: • GBPAvBwf GK ai‡bi fvBivm Ges GBWm n‡jv ‡mB fvBivmRwbZ cÖwZwµqv| GUv Avwg

¯ú÷fv‡e Av‡M RvbZvg bv, cÖwk¶‡Y G‡m †R‡bwQ| • GBWm Qovq Avµvš— †ivMxi i³ A‡b¨i †`‡n Qov‡j, gv‡qi y‡ai gva¨‡g GBWm Qovq, GBWm

†ivMxi mv‡_ GKmv‡_ _vK‡j ev LvIqv `vIqv Ki‡j, †ivMxi Kvco-†Pvco e¨envi Ki‡j GBWm Qovq bv-GmeB wQj cÖwk¶Y †_‡K ^”Q aviYv jv‡fi welq|

• gv`‡Ki mv‡_ GBPAvBwfi †h m¤úK© Av‡Q, †m m¤ú‡K© Ges Rxeb `¶Zv m¤ú‡K© Avgvi ^”Q aviYv wQj bv| cÖwk¶‡Yi gva¨‡g Gme wel‡q cwi¯‹vi aviYv jvf K‡iwQ|

• gv`K wb‡iv‡ai Dci cvqvK&U wZbw`‡bi †h cÖwk¶Y w`‡q‡Q, Zv‡Z Avgv‡`i A‡bK A¯có aviYv ¯úó n‡q‡Q|

5

GK K_vq ejv hvq †h, cvqvK&U evsjv‡`k KZ©„K gv`K wb‡iva wk¶v cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs-G gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i †hme wel‡q wkLv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb wQj, †mme welqB gv÷vi †UªBbviMY wk‡LwQ‡jb|

• cÖwk¶Y †_‡K gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i Avi ‡Kvb welq Rvb‡j fv‡jv n‡Zv digvj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i me©vwaK msL¨K (42%) cÖwk¶Y †_‡K gv`K wb‡iva wk¶vi Dci ÔRvb‡j fv‡jv n‡ZvÕ e‡j gZvgZ cÖ vb K‡ib| wb‡gœ mviYx-3 G D³ gv÷vi †UªBbviMY †Kvb †Kvb welq ÔRvb‡j fv‡jv n‡ZvÕ †m me welq m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i gZvgZ c„_Kfv‡e digvj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹zj cwiw ’wZi Av‡jv‡K Dc ’vcb Kiv n‡jv:

mviYx 3: gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i AviI Rvb‡j fv‡jv n‡Zv - Ggb welq mg~n

Dch©y¯— mviYx‡Z †`qv Z_¨vejx †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, digvj ¯‹z‡ji mv¶vr`vZv gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i me©vwaK mgvb msL¨K A_©vr 27% K‡i gv`Kvm‡³i wPwKrmv I Ilya Ges gv`K †_‡K wbivgq †KŠkj/ Av‡ivM¨ jv‡fi Dcvq m¤ú‡K© ÔRvbv‡j fv‡jv n‡ZvÕ e‡j Rvwb‡q‡Qb| Aciw`‡K, bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji mv¶vrKvix‡`i 10% K‡i gv`‡Ki wek` weeiY, gv`‡Ki mwVK AvBb Ges wcqvi‡`i AwffveKMY‡K wKfv‡e gv`K †_‡K weiZ ivLv hvq ‡mme †KŠkj ÔRvb‡j fv‡jv n‡ZvÕ e‡j AwfgZ e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| digvj ¯‹z‡ji GKRb gv÷vi †UªBbvi g‡b K‡ib †h, Ôgv`K wbivgq m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡j wcqvi‡`i Rvbv‡Z myweav n‡ZvÕ|

• cÖwk¶Y †_‡K gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i ‡Kvb welq Av†iv Rvb‡j fv‡jv n‡Zv digvj-¯‹z‡ji 83% Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji 90% gv÷vi †UªBbvi cÖwk¶Y †_‡K gv`K wb‡iva wk¶vi Dci Av‡iv Rvb‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| Zviv †h me welq Rvbvi B”Qv cÖKvk K‡ib †m¸‡jv gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i ûeyû fvlvq wb‡gœ cÖ vb Kiv n‡jv:

mviYx 4: Av‡iv Rvb‡j fv‡jv n‡Zv-Ggb welqmg~n digvj-¯‹zj N=11 (%)

bb-digvj ¯‹zj N=10 (%)

GBPAvBwf/GBWm,wKfv‡e Qovq (36%) GBPAvBwf/GBWm,wKfv‡e Qovq (30%) ‡Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbv Kivi †KŠkj (18%) GBPAvBwf/GBWm Gi BwZnvm, ¶wZKi w`K I

wPwKrmv (30%) gv`Kvmw³, gv`‡Ki ¶wZKi w`K (18%) Rxeb `¶Zvi mKj Dcv`vb (20%) gv`K, gv`‡Ki cÖKvi‡f` (18%) evsjv‡`‡k †Kv_vq GBPAvBwf cix¶v Kiv hvq (10%)

digvj ¯‹zj N=11 (%)

bb-digvj ¯‹zj N=10 (%)

gv`Kvm‡³i wPwKrmv I Ilya (27%) gv`‡Ki wek` weeiY (10%) gv`K †_‡K wbivgq †KŠkj/Av‡ivM¨ jv‡fi Dcvq (27%)

wcqvi‡`i AwffveKMY‡K gv`K MÖnY eÜ/wbi“rmvwnZ Kivi c`‡¶c (10%)

-- gv`‡Ki mwVK AvBb (10%)

6

Dch©y¯— Z_¨vejx †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, me©vwaK msL¨K gv÷vi‡UªBbvi A_©vr digvj-¯‹z‡ji 36% Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji 30% ÔGBPAvBwf/GBWm wKfv‡e QovqÕ welqwU Av‡iv Rvb‡j fv‡jv n‡Zv e‡j gZvgZ †`b| bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji me©vwaK 30% GBPAvBwf/GBWm Gi BwZnvm, ¶wZKi w`K, Ilya I wPwKrmv m¤ú‡K© Av‡iv Rvb‡j fv‡jv n‡Zv e‡j Rvbvb| ZvQvov, bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji me©vwaK (20%) Rxeb `¶Zvi mKj Dcv`vb Ges digvj ¯‹z‡ji me©vwaK (18%) K‡i wcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs I wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Ukb w`‡Z wM‡q gv`K wb‡iva wk¶vi Dci h_vµ‡g †Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbvi †KŠkj, gv`Kvmw³ I gv`‡Ki ¶wZKi w`Kmg~n Ges gv`‡Ki cÖKvi‡f` m¤ú‡K© Av‡iv Rvb‡j fv‡jv n‡Zv e‡j gZ cÖKvk K‡ib|

1.2. cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖx • gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs Kvh©µg †_‡K gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i cÖvß cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖx

gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i KvQ †_‡K Rvb‡Z PvIqv n‡qwQj †h, gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs PjvKv‡j Zviv wK wK cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖx MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| wbweo mv¶vrKv‡i digvj-¯‹zj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹y†ji mKj cÖwk¶Yv_x© mv¶vZ`vZv gv÷vi †UªBbvi welqwUi Dci Zv‡`i gZvgZ cÖ vb K‡ib| wb‡gœ Dfq cwiw ’wZi gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i †h ai‡bi cÖwk¶Y mvgMªx ‡`Iqv n‡qwQj, Zvi weeiY cÖ vb Kiv n‡jv:

mviYx 5: gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i cÖvß cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖx cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖx digvj ¯‹zj

N=11 (%) bb-digvj ¯‹zj N=10 (%)

†gvU N=21 (%)

ej‡cb 100 80 90 Wv‡qix 100 60 81 e¨vM 73 80 76 cÖwk¶Y g¨vby‡qj 73 60 67 d¬vk KvW© 18 60 38 ‡eªvwkIi 27 10 19 n¨vÛAvDU 27 10 19 eyK‡jU/wjd‡jU 9 20 14 ‡bgKvW© 10 10 10

Dc‡ii mviYx‡Z Dc ’vwcZ Z_¨ejx †_‡K mvgMÖxKfv‡e eySv hvq †h, gv÷vi †UªBbviMY Zv‡`i cÖwk¶YKv‡j bq ai‡bi cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖx †c‡qwQ‡jb, hv cvqvK&U evsjv‡`k mieivn K‡iwQj| Z‡e digvj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji mv¶vr`vZv‡`i g‡a¨ h_vµ‡g 90% ej‡cb, 81% Wv‡qix, 76% e¨vM, 67% cÖwk¶Y g¨vby‡qj Ges me©vwaK msL¨K 38% d¬vk-KvW© BZ¨vw` †c‡qwQ‡jb e‡j AwfgZ e¨³ K‡ib| ZvQvov, mv¶vr`vZv‡`i †KD †KD cÖwk¶Y PjvKv‡j dvBj, LvZv, Lmov KvMR, mvBb †cb, AvU© †ccvi Ges gvK©vi †cb †c‡qwQ‡jb e‡jI Rvbvb| G cÖm‡½ GKRb bb-digvj ¯‹zj cwiw ’wZi gv÷vi †UªBbv‡ii Dw³ -we‡klfv‡e D‡j L‡hvM¨| wZwb e‡jb, Ôgv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs G Avgiv †hme g¨vUvwiqvj †c‡qwQ †m¸‡jv n‡jv-GKwU my›`i e¨vM, Kjg GKwU, GKwU my›`i Wv‡qix, d¬vk KvW©, Awa‡ekb PvU©, gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs g¨vby‡qj BZ¨vw`)|Õ

7

• cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖx m¤ú‡K© gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i gZvgZ

wbweo mv¶vrKv‡i cÖwk¶Yv_x© gv÷vi †UªBbviMY gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs †_‡K †hme cÖwk¶Y mvgMªx †c‡qwQ‡jb, †mme Z_¨ Rvbv‡bvi cvkvcvwk cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖxi wewfbœ w`K we‡ePbv K‡i ‡m¸‡jvi fvlvMZ, Z_¨MZ Ges avivevwnKZv m¤ú‡K© gZvgZ †`b| Z‡e, yB ch©v‡qi mv¶vr`vZv‡`i ‡ek wKQz msL¨K (48%) cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖxi †Kv‡bv mgm¨v †bB Ges G¸‡jvi Dci †Kv‡bv Z‡_¨i Aš—f©yw³I cÖ‡qvRb †bB e‡j Rvwb‡q‡Qb| wb‡gœ digvj ¯‹zj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i gZvgZ Dc ’vcb Kiv n‡jv:

mviYx 6: cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖxi fvlvMZ, avivevwnKZv mgm¨v I Z‡_¨i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

welqe ‘ m¤ú‡K© we‡eP¨ welq digvj ¯‹zj N=11

(%)

bb-digvj ¯‹zj N=10 (%)

‡gvU N=21 (%)

wQj wQj bv wQj wQj bv wQj wQj bv fvlvMZ mgm¨v 9 36 - 60 5 48 Z‡_¨i avivevwnKZvi mgm¨v 27 18 20 24 23 10 welqwfwËK Z‡_¨i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv 18 - 20 19 18 14 Av‡iv Z_¨ Aš—f©yw³i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv 18 - 20 20 10 10

Dc‡iv³ mviYx‡Z †`Iqv Z_¨vejx †_‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji 60% Ges digvj ¯‹y†ji GKvwaK msL¨K (36%); Dfq cwiw ’wZ wbwe©‡k‡l cÖvq A‡a©Kvsk gv÷vi †UªBbvi (48%) cÖwk¶Y mvgMªxi fvlvMZ †Kvb mgm¨v ‡`L‡Z cvbwb| Aek¨ digvj ¯‹z‡ji 9% mv¶vr`vZv Ôd¬vkKv‡W© †hŠb welqwU Av‡ivI gvwR©Z fvlvq n‡j fv‡jv n‡ZvÕ e‡j Rvwb‡q‡Qb| digvj I bb-digvj ¯‹zj wbwe©‡k‡l me©vwaK msL¨K (23%) Z‡_¨i avivevwnKZvi mgm¨v wQj e‡j Rvbvb| Zv‡`i Kv‡iv Kv‡iv g‡Z-

• d¬vkKvW©¸‡jv KvUz©b AvKv‡i bv †i‡L ev¯—e I ¯úó Qwe w`‡q Ki‡j fv‡jv n‡Zv, d¬vkKvW© ¸‡jvi AvKvi Av‡iKUz eo n‡j fv‡jv n‡Zv|

• d¬vkKv‡W©i Qwe¸‡jvi mv‡_ †cQ‡bi K_vi wgj `iKvi wQj| mv¶vr`vZv‡`i g‡a¨ me©vwaK msL¨K (10%) Av‡iv Z‡_¨i Aš—fy©w³i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wQj e‡j gZ cÖKvk K‡ib| Ab¨w`‡K, bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji me©vwaK 20% mv¶vr`vZv AviI welqwfwËK Z†_¨i Aš—f©yw³i civgk© w`‡q‡Qb| Zv‡`i gZvgZ †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, Zviv gv`K, GBPAvBwf/GBWm Ges Rxeb `¶Zv m¤ú‡K© AviI we¯—vwiZ e¨vL¨v †`qv fv‡jv wQj e‡j gZ cÖKvk K‡ib| Abyi“cfv‡e, digvj ¯‹z‡ji me©vwaK 18% mv¶vr`vZv gv÷vi †UªBbvi cÖwk¶Y g¨vby‡q‡ji cÖwZwU welq bZzb Z_¨ mn‡hv‡M GKUz we¯—vwiZ Ki‡j fv‡jv n‡Zv e‡j gZ cÖKvk K‡ib|

8

• AviI cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖxi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i KvQ †_‡K Rvb‡Z PvIqv n‡qwQj †h, cÖwk¶‡Y Zv‡`i Av‡ivI †Kv‡bv ai‡bi cÖwk¶Y mvgMªxi cÖ‡qvRb wQj wK-bv| digvj ¯‹y†ji 27% I bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji 30% mv¶vr`vZv e¨wZZ Avi mevB A_©vr digvj ¯‹z‡ji 73% Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji 70% G wel‡q Zv‡`i gZvgZ Rvwb‡q‡Qb| wb‡gœ Zv‡`i Pvwn`v digvj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹zj chv©‡q cÖ vb Kiv n‡jv:

mviYx 7: AviI cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖxi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖx digvj-¯‹zj

N=11 (%)

bb-digvj ¯‹zj N=10(%)

‡gvU N=21 (%)

d¬vkKvW© 36 20 29 ‡cv÷vi, †cv÷vi †ccvi 36 20 29 mvBb †cb, gvK©vi, ej‡cb 27 10 14 DbœZgv‡bi e¨vM 18 10 14 wd¬cPvU© 9 20 14 Bb‡RKk‡bi myB I wmwiÄ 9 10 10

Dc‡ii mviYx †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, digvj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji mv¶vr`vZv gv÷vi †UªBbvi wbwe©‡k‡l cÖwZ me©vwaK msL¨K 29% d¬vk-KvW© Ges †cv÷v†ii cÖ‡qvRb wQj e‡j gZ cÖKvk K‡ib| mv¶vr`vZv‡`i g‡a¨ cieZx© me©vwaK msL¨K A_©vr 14% K‡i h_vµ‡g mvBb †cb, gvK©vi I ej‡cb, DbœZgv‡bi e¨vM Ges wd¬cPv‡U©i cÖ‡qvRb wQj e‡j Rvbvb| digvj I bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji me©vwaK 10% gv÷vi ‡UªBbvi Bb‡RKk‡bi myB I wmwi†Äi cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi K_v e‡jb|

digvj-¯‹z‡ji †hmKj mv¶vr`vZv d¬vk-KvW© mieiv‡ni K_v e‡j‡Qb, Zv‡`i g‡Z, ÔRxeb `¶Zv, GBPAvBwf I gv`‡Ki Qwe w`‡q †m¸‡jv DwbœZ Kiv †hZ|Õ ZvQvov Zviv Rvbvb †h, AviI DbœZgv‡bi †cv÷vi cÖwk¶Y K‡¶ Szwj‡q ivL‡j fv‡jv n‡Zv| G cÖm‡½ Zviv Av‡iv †ewk †cv÷vi †ccvi _vKviI cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyfe K‡ib| Zv‡`i GKR‡bi g‡Z, ÔwKQz †cv÷vi †ccvi _vK‡j fv‡jv n‡Zv| KviY, MÖ“cIqv‡K©i mgq cÖwZwU Av‡jvPbvi welqe ‘ m¤úwK©Z †cv÷vi Szwj‡q ivLv Ri“wi wQj|Õ ZvQvov, digvj-¯‹z‡ji GKRb (9%) mv¶vr`vZv cÖwk¶‡Yi mgq gv`K ªe¨¸‡jv ev¯—‡e †`Lv‡j Ges Avi GKRb (9%) gv`‡Ki fqvenZv m¤ú‡K© iwPZ mvwnZ¨, Kw_Kv ev mvgwqKx cÖwk¶‡Yi mgq cVb mvgMÖx wn‡m‡e mieivn Ki‡j fv‡jv n‡Zv e‡j gZvgZ e¨³ K‡ib|

1.3.cÖwk¶Y c×wZ cÖwk¶‡Y wK ai‡bi c×wZ e¨envi Kiv n‡qwQj Zv Rvbvi Rb¨ cÖwk¶‡Y welqe ‘i Dc ’vcbvi ‡KŠkj Ges cÖwk¶‡Y †Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbvi my‡hvM m¤ú‡K© mv¶vr`vZv gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i gZvgZ Rvbv‡Z ejv n†qwQj|

9

Dc¯’vcbvi †KŠkj: digvj-¯‹z‡ji 55% I bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji 50% A_©vr Dfq ch©v‡qi 52% gv÷vi †UªBbvi cÖwk¶‡Y e³…Zv, cÖ‡kœvËi I Av‡jvPbv c×wZ; Ges Ab¨w`‡K digvj bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji me©vwaK msL¨K A_©vr h_vµ‡g 45% I 40% GB Dfq cwiw ’wZ wbwe©‡k‡l 42% gv÷vi †UªBbvi `jMZ ÔAv‡jvPbvÕ c×wZi gva¨‡g cÖwk¶KMY gv÷vi †Uªwbs G welqe ‘ Dc ’vcb K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j Rvwb‡q‡Qb| †gvU K_v Zv‡`i fvlvq ejv hvq †h, cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖxKfv‡e AskMÖnYg~jK c×wZ‡Z cwiPvjbv Kiv n‡qwQj| gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs-G digvj I bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji yBRb gv÷vi †UªBbvi Rvbvb †h, Ôgv÷vi †Uªwbs Gi Dc ’vcbv c×wZ wQj m¤ú~Y© AskMÖnYg~jK| d‡j Dc ’vcbvi gvb †e‡o hvqÕ|

• cÖwk¶‡Y Dc¯’vcbvi gvb wbweo mv¶vrKv†i gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvIqv n‡qwQj ‡h, gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs G wewfbœ

-wel‡qi Dci hviv Dc ’vcbv K‡iwQ‡jb, Zv‡`i Dc ’vcbvi gvb †Kgb wQj| mswk ó wel‡qi Dci gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i mK‡jB (100%) †Kvb bv †Kvb ÔBwZevPKÕ Dw³ K‡ib| Zv‡`i †`Iqv wewfbœ Dw³ wb‡gœ cÖ vb Kiv n‡jv :

mviYx 8 : Dc¯’vcbvi gvb Dc ’vcbvi gvb digvj-¯‹zj

N=11 (%) bb-digvj ¯‹zj N=10 (%)

‡gvU N=21 (%)

Lye fv‡jv 45% 40% 43% fv‡jv 55 50 52% ‡gvUvgywU fv‡jv - 10 5

Dc‡ii mviYx‡Z †`Lv hvq †h, digvj I bb-digvj ¯‹zj cwiw ’wZ wbwe©‡k‡l †ewkifvM cÖwk¶Yv_x© (52%) cÖwk¶‡Y cÖvq mKj ÔDc ’vcbvi gvb fv‡jv wQjÕ Ges ZrcieZx© †ewk msL¨K cÖwk¶Yv_©x gv÷vi †UªBbvi (43%) cÖwk¶‡Y Dc ’vcbvi gvb ÔLye fv‡jv wQjÕ e‡j -D‡j L K‡i‡Qb|

Dc‡iv³ Av‡jvPbv †_‡K Abygvb Kiv hvq †h, digvj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹zj cwiw ’wZi cÖvq mKj (95%) cÖwk¶†Ki cÖwk¶‡Y Dc ’vcbvi gvb ÔLyeB DËgÕ wQj| digvj-¯‹z‡ji GKRb cÖwk¶Yv_x©i g‡Z, Ô†Uªwbs G Dc ’vcbvi gvb A‡bK fv‡jv wQj, A+ ‡`Iqv hvqÕ Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji GKRb cÖwk¶Yv_x©i g‡Z, ÔGB gv÷vi †Uªwbs G hviv Dc ’vcbv K‡iwQ‡jb, Zv‡`i Dc ’vcbvi gvb wQj LyeB PgrKviÕ|

• gv÷vi ‡Uªwbs-G AskMÖnYKvix‡`i †Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbv Kivi my‡hvM

M‡elYvq AskMÖnYKvix gv÷vi †UªBbviMY Zv‡`i cÖwk¶Y PjvKv‡j KZUv †Lvjv‡gjvfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kivi my‡hvM †c‡qwQ‡jb, Zv Zv‡`i KvQ †_‡K Rvb‡Z PvIqv n‡qwQj| wb‡gœ Zv‡`i ûeû Dw³¸‡jv †`qv n‡jv:

10

mviYx : 9 †Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbvi my‡hvM

†Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbvi my‡hvM digvj ¯‹zj N=11 (%)

bb digvj ¯‹zj N=10 (%)

‡gvU N=21 (%)

cy‡ivcywi 36 30 33 h‡_ó 55 50 52 ‡gvUvgywU 9 20 14

Dc‡ii mviYx †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, digvj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji AwaKvsk gv÷vi †UªBbvi (52%) cÖwk¶‡Y †Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbvi Ôh‡_óÕ my‡hvM †c‡qwQ‡jb| ZvQvov, Zv‡`i GK-Z…Zxqvsk (33%) Ôcy‡ivcywiÕ †Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbv Kivi my‡hvM †c‡qwQ‡jb e‡j Rvbvb| digvj ¯‹z‡ji †Kvb †Kvb (18%) gv÷vi †UªBbv‡ii g‡Z, Õ†Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbv Kivi h‡_óÕ my‡hvM wQj| cÖwZwU Av‡jvPbvB cÖvbeš— n‡qwQjÕ Ges Ô‡Uªwbs G †Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbv Kivi my‡hvM wQj 100%|Õ Ab¨w`‡K, bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji gv÷vi †UªBbviMYI cÖwk¶‡Y †Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbvi wel‡q cÖvq GKB iKg gš—e¨ K‡i‡Qb| Zv‡`i Kv‡iv Kv‡iv (20%) g‡Z, Ô‡Uªwbs-G Avgiv Lye PgrKvi I †Lvjv‡gjvfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kivi my‡hvM †c‡qwQjvgÕ Ges Ôcªwk¶Y Db¥y³ wQj Ges mevi †Lvjv‡gjv gZvgZ †`evi my‡hvM wQj|Õ cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡`i wewfbœ ai‡bi BwZevPK gš—e¨ †_‡K cÖZxqgvb nq †h, cÖwk¶†Yi welqe ‘i Dci Av‡jvPbv Ôh‡_ó cÖvbeš—Õ n‡qwQj| 1.4.cÖwk¶‡Yi me‡P‡q mej Ges me‡P‡q `ye©j w`Kmg~n

AskMÖnYKvix cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡`i KvQ †_‡K gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs Gi me‡P‡q mej I me‡P‡q ye©j w`K m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z PvIqv n‡qwQj| G D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖvß Z_¨ ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †h, digvj-¯‹z‡ji 91% Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji 80% gv÷vi †UªBbvi cÖwk¶‡Yi mej I ye©j w`K wPwüZ K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e, bb-digvj¯‹z‡ji 20% gv÷vi †UªBbvi ÔcÖwk¶‡Yi †Kv‡bv -ai‡bi ye©j w`K †bBÕ e‡j D‡j L K‡i‡Qb|

wb‡gœ digvj I bb-digvj ¯‹yj GB Dfq cwiw ’wZi gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i cÖvq mvgÄm¨c~Y© gš—e¨¸‡jv‡K K‡qKwU †kªYx‡Z wef³ Kiv nq, hv cÖ_‡g me‡P‡q mej I c‡i me‡P‡q ye©j w`‡Ki wecix‡Z Dc ’vcb Kiv n‡jv:

• cÖwk¶‡Yi mej w`K

mviYx 10 : cÖwk¶‡Yi me‡P‡q mej w`K cÖwk¶‡Yi me‡P‡q mej w`Kmg~n digvj ¯‹zj

N=11 (%) bb-digvj ¯‹zj N=10 (%)

†gvU N=11 (%)

cÖwk¶Y c×wZ wbe©vPb I †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM 73 30 52 gv`K c~be©vmb †K› ª cwi`k©b 36 50 43 cÖwk¶Y cwi‡ek I e¨e ’vcbv 64 20 43 welqe ‘ wbe©vPb I Z‡_¨i ch©vßZv 55 20 38 cvqvK&U cÖwk¶Ke„‡›`i `¶Zv 27 30 29 d¬vk KvW© I gvwëwgwWqvi gva¨‡g Dc ’vcb 27 20 24

11

Dch©y¯— Z_¨ weeiYx‡Z †`Lv hvq †h, digvj ¯‹z‡ji cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡`i GKwU weivU Ask (73%) ÔcÖwk¶Y c×wZ wbe©vPb I †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM `¶ZvÕ Ges Ab¨w`‡K, bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji A‡a©Kvsk cÖwk¶Yv_x© (50%) Ôgv`K c~be©vmb †K› ª cwi`k©bÕ -cÖwk¶‡Yi me‡P‡q mej w`K e‡j D‡j L K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e Dfq cwiw ’wZi gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i AwaKvsk (52%) ÔcÖwk¶Y c×wZ wbe©vPb I †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM `¶Zv‡KBÕ cÖwk¶‡Yi me‡P‡q mej w`K e‡j g‡b K‡i _v‡Kb| G‡¶‡Î digvj ¯‹z‡ji 18% gv÷vi †UªBbv‡ii gZvgZ n‡”Q, ÔcÖwk¶Y c×wZ wQj AskMÖnYg~jK, d‡j mK‡j †Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbvq AskMÖnY Ki‡Z †c‡iwQjvg; MÖ“c-IqvK© _vKvq mK‡ji gZvgZ cÖvavb¨ †c‡qwQj|Õ me©vwaK mgvb msL¨K (43%) gv÷vi †UªBbv‡ii g‡Z, cÖwk¶‡Yi me‡P‡q mej w`K wQj ywU| h_v-gv`K c~Ye©vmb †K› ª cwi`k©b Ges cÖwk¶Y cwi‡ek I e¨e ’vcbv| gv‡bi µgvbymv‡i me©vwaK msL¨K mv¶vr`vZv gv÷vi †UªBbv‡ii g‡Z cÖwk¶‡Yi Ab¨vb¨ mej w`K¸‡jv n‡jv: welqe ‘ wbe©vPb I Z‡_¨i ch©vßZv (38%), cvqvK&U cÖwk¶Ke„‡›`i `¶Zv (29%) Ges d¬vk-KvW© I gvwëwgwWqvi gva¨‡g cÖwk¶Y welqe ‘i mnR I mvewjj Dc ’vcbv (24%) BZ¨vw`| digvj-¯‹z‡ji †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv (18%) cÖwk¶Yv_x© e‡jb, ÔcÖwk¶‡Y LvIqv-`vIqvi Av‡qvRb, †mkb e¨e ’vcbv Ges cÖwk¶K‡`i cvV`vb c×wZ wQj AwZ DËg, hvi d‡j Avgiv A‡bK wKQz wk‡LwQ|Õ Ab¨w`‡K, bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡`i wKQz msL¨K (20%) Ôd¬vk-Kv‡W©i gva¨‡g Z_¨ Dc ’vcb, †Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbvi my‡hvM, gv`K c~be©vmb †K› ª cwi`k©b, gvwëwgwWqvi e¨envi, DbœZgv‡bi cÖwk¶KÕ BZ¨vw` welq¸‡jv†K -cÖwk¶‡Yi me‡P‡q mej w`K e‡j D‡j L K‡i‡Qb|

ZvQvov, digvj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji wKQz msL¨K (10%) cÖwk¶Yv_x©i g‡Z, ÔAvevwmK my‡hvM, wUG/wWGi-i e¨e ’v Ges cÖwk¶Yv_x©i cwiwgZ msL¨v (GK e¨v‡Pi Rb¨)I wQj cÖwk¶‡Yi fv‡jv w`KÕ|

• cÖwk¶‡Yi `ye©j w`K

mviYx 11: cÖwk¶‡Yi me‡P‡q `ye©j w`K cÖwk¶‡Yi me‡P‡q ye©j w`Kmg~n digvj ¯‹zj

N=11 (%) bb-digvj ¯‹zj N=10 (%)

‡gvU N=21 (%)

mgqKv‡ji ^íZv 45 60 52 we‡bv`‡bi my‡hvM Kg 9 10 10 DcKiY mn‡hv‡M Av‡jvPbvi Afve 9 10 10

Dc‡ii Z_¨weeiYx †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, digvj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji AwaKvsk (52%) cÖwk¶Yv_x© gv÷vi †UªBbv†ii cÖwk¶‡Yi me‡P‡q ye©j w`K mgqKv‡ji ¯íZv| Dfq cwiw ’wZi mvgvb¨ wKQz msL¨K (20%) gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i ‡KD †KD, Ôwe‡bv`‡bi Kg my‡hvM _vKvÕ Ges ÔDcKiY mn‡hv‡M Av‡jvPbvi AfveÕ D³ cÖwk¶‡Yi ye©j w`K wn‡m‡e wPwüZ K‡i‡Qb| Dfq cwiw ’wZi yBRb gv÷vi †UªBbv‡ii cÖwk¶‡Yi ye©j w`K m¤úwK©Z ywU Dw³ wb‡gœ cÖ vb Kiv nj:

• gv÷vi †Uªwbs-G ms‡e`bkxj wel‡qi Dci ye©j Av‡jvPbv (digvj) • GB cÖwk¶‡Y (gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs-G) MÖ“c-IqvK© Kg wQj (bb-digvj)

12

1.5. cÖwk¶Y †_‡K gv÷vi †UªBbvi†`i AR©‡bi gvÎv I cÖwk¶‡Yi cÖfve

gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i wbKU Rvb‡Z PvIqv n‡qwQj †h, cÖwk¶Y MÖn‡Yi d‡j Zviv KZUzKz jvfevb n‡qwQ‡jb A_ev †Kvb †Kvb wel‡q Ávb AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb| digvj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i h_vµ‡g 73% Ges 51% cÖwk¶Y †_‡K Zv‡`i AR©‡bi gvÎv wbwðZ K‡ib| G m¤ú‡K© gZvgZ

-cÖ vbKvix‡`i Dw³ ûeû we‡k lY Ki‡j Zviv KZUzKz jvfevb n‡qwQ‡jb Zv Dcjwä Kiv hvq| wb‡gœ Zv‡`i jvf/AR©‡bi gvÎv m¤úwK©Z Dw³¸‡jv cÖ vb Kiv n‡jv:

mviYx 12: cÖwk¶Y †_‡K gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i AR©‡bi gvÎv

AR©‡bi gvÎv digvj ¯‹zj N=11 (%)

bb-digvj ¯‹zj N=10 (%)

†gvU N=21 (%)

cy‡ivcywi 18 20 19 Lye †ewk 55 30 43

Dc‡ii mviYx‡Z †`Iqv Z_¨weeiYx‡Z †`Lv hvq †h, digvj ¯‹z‡ji 55% I bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji 30% A_©vr Dfq cwiw ’wZi me©vwaK msL¨K (43%) gv÷vi †UªBbvi cÖwk¶Y †_‡K ÔLye †ewkÕ jvfevb n‡qwQ‡jb| digvj I bb-digvj ¯‹zj wbwe©‡k‡l 19% gv÷vi †UªBbvi Rvbvb †h, cÖwk¶Y †_‡K Zv‡`i AR©‡bi gvÎv wQj Ôcy‡ivcywiÕ| gv÷vi †UªBbvi†`i †`Iqv Dw³ ‡_‡K GUv cwi¯‹vifv‡e eySv hvq †h, gv÷vi †UªBbviMY cÖwk¶Y †_‡K †hmKj wel‡q Ávb I `¶Zv AR©b K‡i‡Qb †m¸‡jv AR©‡bi gvÎv LyeB m‡š—vlRbK wQj| cÖwk¶‡Yi d‡j cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡`i g‡a¨ g‡bvfve I `¶Zvi cwieZ©b N‡U| G‡¶‡ÎI Zvi e¨wZµg nqwb| cÖwk¶‡Yi cÖfve: eZ©gvb M‡elYvi djvdj †_‡K eySv hvq †h, gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs †_‡K gv÷vi †UªBbviMY bvbvfv‡e cÖfvweZ n‡qwQ‡jb| cÖwk¶Yv_x©MY gv÷vi †Uªwbs-G wbgœwjwLZ welq m¤ú‡K© Ávb, `¶Zv AR©b Ki‡Z Ges Zv‡`i g‡bvfv‡ei cwieZ©b NUv‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb:

mviYx 13: gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i Dci gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs Gi cÖfve cÖwk¶Y †_‡K AR©‡bi aib digvj ¯‹zj

N=11 (%) bb-digvj ¯‹zj N=10 (%)

‡gvU N=21 (%)

e¨w³MZ, cvwievwiK I mvgvwRK Rxe‡b gv`‡Ki fqvenZv eyS‡Z cviv

36 40 38

K¬v‡m gv`K I GBPAvBwf /GBWm-Gi Dci mvewjj Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cviv

18 20 19

eÜzev܇ei mv‡_ gv`K I GBPAvBwf wb‡q †Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cviv

18 20 19

mgv‡Ri DbœwZi Rb¨ KvR Ki‡Z DØy× nIqv 9 10 10

13

Dc‡ii mviYx‡Z †`Iqv Z_¨vejx -we‡k lY Ki‡j eySv hvq †h, me©vwaK msL¨K (38%) cÖwk¶Yv_x© Rxe‡bi wewfbœ Ae ’vq gv`‡Ki fqvenZv m¤ú‡K© m‡š—vlRbK fv‡e ÁvZ n‡qwQ‡jb| Avevi Zv‡`i me©vwaK GK-cÂgvsk (19%) h_vµ‡g †kªYxK‡¶ mvewjjfv‡e gv`K Ges GBPAvBwf/GBWm Gi Dci Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z Ges welq¸‡jvi Dci eÜz-evÜe I wbKURb‡`i mv‡_ †Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cv‡ib| ZvQvov, †KD †KD mgv‡Ri DbœwZi Rb¨ Dc‡`k I civgk© w`‡q gv`K cÖwZ‡iv‡a DØy× Kivi `¶ZvI AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j cÖZxqgvb nq| Dc‡iv³ djvd‡ji mg_©‡b, digvj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji mv¶vZ`vZw gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i AviI wKQz gZvgZ ûeû Zv‡`i fvlvq cÖ vb Kiv n‡jv: digvj-¯‹zj:

• K¬vm-wUwPs G gv`K I GBPAvBwfi Av‡jvPbv Av‡iv mvewjjfv‡e Ki‡Z cvwi| e¨w³Rxe‡b Avwg Gi fqvenZv eyS‡Z †c‡iwQ| AvMvgx‡Z Avwg gv`‡Ki c‡_ hve bv Ges hvevi †Kv‡bv AvkvI †bB|

• e¨w³MZfv‡e welq¸‡jv wb‡q Avwg Avgvi cwievi I eÜz-evÜe‡`i mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ| cÖwk¶‡Yi ci Avgv‡`i ¯‹z‡ji jvB‡eªix mnKvix‡K wbivgq †K‡› ª cvwV‡q fv‡jv Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ|

• wk¶KZvi †¶‡Î Qv·`i gv`K wel‡q Av‡iv m‡PZb Ki‡Z m¶g nw”Q| • ‡Uªwbs Gi d‡j Avgiv A‡bK jvfevb n‡qwQ, hvi d‡j Avgv‡`i cwievi, AvZ¥xq-¯Rb I

cÖwZ‡ewk‡Zv DcK…Z n‡eB, cvkvcvwk mgvR, †`k I RvwZ GK me©bvkv giY †bkvi wkKvi Ges -GBWm bvgK NvZK e¨vwa †_‡K gyw³ cv‡e, Bbkvj vn|

bb-digvj ¯‹zj:

• cÖwk¶‡Yi d‡j Avwg LyeB jvfevb n‡qwQ| Rxeb-agx© A‡bK wKQz wk‡LwQ| d‡j Avgvi e¨w³MZ, cvwievwiK I mvgvwRK Rxe‡b Kv‡R jvMv‡Z cvie| †hgb- Avgvi evwoIqvjv Av‡M wmMv‡iU ‡LZ, GB cÖwk¶‡Yi ci Avwg Zv‡K ‡Uªwbs g¨vUvwiqvj¸‡jv w`‡qwQ Ges gv`‡Ki fqvenZv m¤ú‡K© Zv‡K eySv‡bvi d‡j wZwb aygcvb †Q‡o w`‡q‡Qb|

• ‡hLv‡b hZUzKz my‡hvM cvB, †mLv‡bB Avwg gv`‡Ki nvZ †_‡K ‡`k‡K Z_v gvbyl‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨ KvR Kwi|

Dc‡iv³ djvd‡ji †cÖw¶‡Z Abygvb Kiv hvq †h, cÖwk¶Yv_x© gv÷vi †UªBbvi†`i Dci cÖwk¶‡Yi cÖfve wQj ÔLye †ewkÕ | cÖwk¶‡Yi gva¨‡g, we‡klZ: ‡h wZbwU wel‡qi Dci Zviv (gv`K, GBPAvBwf/GBWm I Rxeb-`¶Zv) Ávb AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb, Zv Zviv Zv‡`i cvwievwiK, mvgvwRK I Kg©Rxe‡b `¶Zvi mv‡_ cÖ‡qvM K‡i hv‡”Qb|

1.6. gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs djcÖmy I DbœqbK‡í gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i mycvwik • djcÖmy Kivi Rb¨ mycvwikmg~n

G ch©v‡q, gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs G AskMÖnYKvix gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i KvQ †_‡K D³ cÖwk¶YwU Av‡iv wKfv‡e djcÖmy Kiv hvq, †m wel‡q mycvwik Avnevb Kiv nq| cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡`i g‡a¨ cÖvq mK‡jB (91%) gv÷vi †UªBbvi cÖwk¶Y‡K wKfv‡e Av‡iv djcÖmy Kiv †hZ, †m e¨cv‡i gZvgZ †`b| wb‡gœ †m¸‡jv cÖ vb Kiv n‡jv:

14

mviYx 14: gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs djcÖmy Kivi Rb¨ gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i mycvwik mycvwikmg~n digvj ¯‹zj

N=11 (%) bb-digvj ¯‹zj N=10 (%)

†gvU N=21 (%)

cÖwk¶‡Yi mgqKvj evov‡bv 45 60 52 ev¯—ewfwËK cÖvgvb¨wPÎ cÖ k©b 27 27 29 we‡bv`‡bi e¨e ’v ivLv 9 30 19

AskMÖnYKvix cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡`i KvQ †_‡K gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs AviI djcÖmy Kivi Rb¨ †hme mycvwik cvIqv †M‡Q, †m¸wji g‡a¨ wZbwU mycvwik †hgb- cÖwk¶‡Yi mgqKvj evov‡bv, ev¯—ewfwËK cÖvgvb¨wPÎ cÖ k©b Ges †ivj- -‡c I bvU‡Ki gva¨‡g we‡bv`‡bi e¨e ’v Kivi welq¸‡jv digvj I bb-digvj ¯‹zj Z_v Dfq ch©v‡qi gv÷vi †UªBbviMY g‡b K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e, Dfq cwiw ’wZ‡Z me‡P‡q †ewk cÖvavb¨ †c‡q‡Q cÖwk¶‡Yi mgqKvj evov‡bvi mycvwik| G‡¶‡Î Z‡_¨i c~Y:ch©v‡jvPbv †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, cÖwk¶‡Yi †gqv` wZb †_‡K cvuP Ges cvuP †_‡K Qq/mvZ w`b evov‡bvi mycvwik Kiv n‡jI, †ewkifvM (52%) cÖwk¶Yv_x© cÖwk¶‡Yi ‡gqv` wZb †_‡K cvuPw`b evov‡bvi c‡¶ gZvgZ cÖ vb K‡ib|

gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs djcÖmy Kivi Rb¨ -gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i AviI wKQz mycvwik D‡j L‡hvM¨| wb‡gœ digvj ¯‹zj I bb-digvj ¯‹zj cwiw ’wZi cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡`i Ab¨vb¨ mycvwik Avjv`vfv‡e Dc ’vcb Kiv n‡jv:

digvj-¯‹zj:

mycvwik msL¨v N=11 % • gv`K wPwKrmv †K‡› ª Av‡iv †ewk cwi`k©b 4 36

• gv`Kvmw³i Kydj Ges GBPAvBwf msµg‡Yi wewfbœ Dcvq Av‡iv `xN© mgq a‡i Dc ’vcb Kiv

3 27

• AwffveK ch©v‡q MYm‡PZbZv m„wó Kiv 2 18

• wdì wfwR‡Ui mgq evov‡bv 2 18

-Dc‡iv‡j wLZ Z_¨e„‡š— †`Lv hvq †h, digvj-¯‹z‡ji mv¶vZ`vZv gv÷vi †UªBbvi†`i mevB (100%) gv÷vi †Uªwbs Kvh©µg djcÖmy Kivi Rb¨ †Kvb bv †Kvb civgk© w`‡q‡Qb| AYygvb Kiv hvq †h, G cwiw ’wZi me©vwaK msL¨K gv÷vi †UªBbvi (36%) Av‡iv †ewk K‡i gv`K wPwKrmv †K› ª cwi`k©‡bi Av‡qvR†bi mycvwik K‡i‡Qb| Zv‡`i cieZ©x me©vwaK msL¨K (27%) gv`Kvmw³i Kydj Ges GBPAvBwf msµg‡Yi wewfbœ Dcvq Av‡iv `xN© mgq a‡i Dc ’vcb Kivi mycvwik K‡i‡Qb| ZvQvov, cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡`i me©vwaK mgvb msL¨K A_©vr 18% AwffveK ch©v‡q MYm‡PZbZv m„wó Ges wdì wfwR‡Ui mgq evov‡bvi gva¨‡g cÖwk¶Y†K Av‡iv djcÖmy Kiv †hZ e‡j Rvbvb|

Dc‡iv³ mycvwi‡ki mg_©‡b mv¶vZ`vbKvix‡`i wb‡R‡`i fvlvq †`Iqv AviI wKQz gZvgZ ûeû Dc ’vcb Kiv n‡jv:

15

• Ôwdì wfwRU AviI GK w`b nIqv `iKvi| Ôgv`Kvm³iv Lvivc †jvK, †m›Uvi wfwRU Kivi ci Avgvi G aviYv m¤c~Y© cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q|Õ

• Ôgv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs G gv`Kvmw³i Kzdj Av‡iv †ewk mgq a‡i Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e| Abyi“cfv‡e GBPAvBwf msµg‡Yi wewfbœ Dcvq¸‡jv Av‡iv `xN© mgq a‡i Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e, ZLb †Uªwbs Gi mgq cvuPw`b ch©š— evov‡j fv‡jv n‡e|Õ

bb-digvj ¯‹zj:

mycvwik msL¨v N=10 ( %) • cÖwk¶Y †k‡l GgwmwKD c×wZ‡Z g~j¨vqb/cix¶v I

cyi¯‹v‡ii e¨e ’v Kiv 2 20

• AvevwmK cÖwk¶‡bi e¨e ’v Kiv 1 10 Dc‡ii Z_¨vejx †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji cÖvq GK-Z…Zxqvsk A_©vr 30% gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs Av‡iv djcÖmy Kivi Rb¨ cÖwk¶‡Yi Av†M-c‡i g~j¨vqb Ges AvevwmK cÖwk¶‡Yi Rb¨ mycvwik K‡ib| bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji GKR‡bi g‡Z, Ôg~j¨vqb ev cix¶vi welqwU cÖwk¶‡Yi ïi“‡ZB †NvlYv w`‡Z n‡e Ges hviv g~j¨vq‡b fv‡jv Ki‡e, Zv‡`i Rb¨ cyi¯‹v‡ii e¨e ’v _vK‡Z n‡e|Õ

• gv÷vi †Uªwbs DbœqbK‡í gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i mycvwik

mv¶vr`vZv gv÷vi †UªBbvi†`i KvQ †_‡K Rvb‡Z PvIqv n‡qwQj †h, gv÷vi †Uªwbs Kvh©µ†gi mgqKvj, cÖwk¶Y c×wZ I cÖwk¶‡Yi ¸YMZgvb Av‡iv DbœZ Kivi Rb¨ †Kvb mycvwik Av‡Q wK-bv| wZbwU †¶‡Î ‡`qv Zv‡`i mycvwikmg~n wb‡gœ cÖ vb Kiv n‡jv; cÖwk¶Y c×wZ:

mviYx 15: cÖwk¶YKv‡j †hme c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e mycvwik digvj -¯‹zj

N=11 (%) bb-digvj ¯‹zj N=10 (%)

†gvU N=21 (%)

†Mgm, †ivj- -‡c I we‡bv`‡bi gva¨‡g cÖwk¶Y 27 20 24 Av‡iv cvwU©wm‡cUwi †g_‡W cÖwk¶Y 18 20 19 Av‡iv MÖ“c-Iqv‡K©i gva¨‡g cÖwk¶Y 9 10 10

Dc‡iv³ Z_¨vejx †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, digvj I bb-digvj ¯‹zj wbwe©‡k‡l me©vwaK msL¨K cÖwk¶Yv_x© gv÷vi †UªBbvi A_©vr 24%, 19% Ges 10% h_vµ‡g we‡bv`‡bi gva¨‡g, Av‡iv cvwU©wm‡cUix c×wZ†Z Ges MÖ“c Iqv‡K©i gva¨‡g cÖwk¶Y cwiPvjbvi mycvwik K‡i‡Qb|

16

Dc‡ii mviYx‡Z cÖ Ë Z_¨vejx †_‡K AviI cÖZxqgvb nq †h, cÖwk¶Y c×wZi †¶‡Î digvj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹zj wbwe©‡k‡l ‡ewkifvM 53% gv÷vi †UªBbvi AviI ev¯—e wfwËK I AskMÖnYg~jK cÖwk¶‡Yi Rb¨ mycvwik K‡i‡Qb| AskMÖnYg~jK c×wZi mydj wn‡m‡e digvj ¯‹z‡ji GKRb cÖwk¶Yv_x© g‡b K‡ib †h, ÔGB c×wZ†Z †ewk Av‡jvPbv Kiv hvq, Avš—wiKZv ev‡o Ges Avb›` cvIqv hvqÕ| cÖwk¶‡Yi mgqKvj:

mviYx 16: gv÷vi †UªBbvi †UªwbsGi mgqKvj evov‡bvi mycvwik mgqKvj evov‡bvi mycvwik digvj-¯‹zj

N=11 (%) bb-digvj ¯‹zj N=10 (%)

†gvU N=21 (%)

cvuP w`b 36 70 52 Qq w`b 18 10 18 Pvi w`b - 10 5 mvZ w`b 9 - 5

Dc‡ii Z_¨weeiYx‡Z †`Lv hvq †h, digvj I bb-digvj ¯‹zj wbwe©‡k‡l 80% gv÷vi †UªBbvi wewfbœ †gqv‡` cÖwk¶‡Yi mgq evov‡bvi mycvwik K‡i‡Qb| digvj I bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i g‡a¨ bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji gv÷vi †UªBbviMY †ewk msL¨K cÖwk¶‡Yi †gqv` evov‡bvi mycvwik K‡ib| bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji (70%) Ges digvj ¯‹z‡ji me©vwaK msL¨K (38%) mv¶vr`vZv gv÷vi †UªBbvi A_©vr Dfq cwiw ’wZ wg‡j †ewk msL¨K (52%) cÖwk¶‡Yi mgqKvj cvPuw`b ch©š— evov‡bvi mycvwik K‡i‡Qb| Aek¨ mgmsL¨K gv÷vi †UªBbvi cÖwk¶‡Yi ye©j w`K wb‡ ©k Ki‡Z wM‡qI cÖwk¶‡Yi mgqKvj Kg e‡j gš—e¨ K‡ib Ges cÖwk¶‡Yi mgqKvj 5 w`b ch©š— evov‡bvi mycvwik K‡i‡Qb| G cÖm‡½ digvj I bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji gv÷vi †UªBbv‡ii wKQz wew¶ß gš—e¨ wQj wbgœi“c:

• cÖwk¶‡Yi mKj welqe ‘i Dci AviI aviYv jv‡fi Rb¨ mgq evov‡bv DwPr cvuPw`b ch©š—| • cÖwk¶‡Yi †gqv` 5 w`b n‡j fv‡jvfv‡e gv`K wbqš¿Y †K› ª cwi`k©b Kiv hv‡e|

¸YMZgvb: mviYx 17: gv÷vi †UªBbvi †UªwbsGi ¸YMZgvb e„w×i mycvwik ¸YMZgvb e„w×i mycvwik digvj-¯‹zj

N=11 (%) bb-digvj ¯‹zj N=10 (%)

†gvU N=21

(%) gv`Kvm³†`i wbivg‡qi welqwU Aš—f©y³ Kiv - 10 5

-mswk ó wel‡qi Dci e¨cK Av‡jvPbv 9 - 5 AvevwmK cÖwk¶Y - 10 5

Dc‡ii mviYx‡Z cÖ Ë djvdj †_‡K cÖZxqgvb nq †h, Lye Kg msL¨K (15%) mv¶vr`vZv gv÷vi †UªBbvi gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs Kvh©µ‡gi ¸YMZgvb Av‡iv DbœZ Kivi Rb¨ mycvwik K‡i‡Qb| †`Lv hvq †h, Zviv wew¶ßfv‡e wZbwU welq Aš—f©y³ Kivi mycvwik K‡ib| Zviv g‡b K‡ib †h, cÖwk¶‡Yi ¸YMZgvb e„w× Ki‡Z n‡j fwel¨‡Z cÖwk¶‡Y gv`Kvm‡³i wbivg‡qi welqwU Aš—f©y³ Kiv, †h‡Kvb wel‡qi Dci AviI Av‡jvPbv Kiv Ges AvevwmK cÖwk¶‡Yi e¨e ’v Kiv `iKvi|

17

wcqvi GWy‡KUi ‡Uªwbs 2.1. wcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs Gi welqe¯‘ • wcqvi GWy‡KUi‡`i‡K ‡kLv‡bv ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welqmg~n

gv÷vi ‡UªBbviMY gv`K wb‡iva wk¶vi D‡Ïk¨ mvg‡b †i‡L wcqvi GWy‡KUi‡`i wcqvi GWy‡Kk‡bi wewfbœ wel‡qi Dci cÖwk¶Y w`‡qwQ‡jb| Z‡e Gme wkLb welqe ‘i g‡a¨ ‡h¸‡jv †ewk ¸i“Z¡c~Y© wQj, †m m¤ú‡K© gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i gZvgZB GLv‡b cÖvavb¨ †c‡q‡Q| digvj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji mv¶vr`vZv†`i †`qv mvgÄm¨c~Y© gZvgZ¸‡jv wcqvi GW‡KUi‡`i wkLb ¸i“‡Z¡i µgvbymv‡i wb‡gœ Dc ’vcb Kiv n‡jv:

mviYx 18: wcqvi GWy‡KUi †UªwbsG wcqvi‡`i†K †kLv‡bvi welqe¯‘ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Rvbvi welqmg~n digvj-¯‹zj

N=11 (%) bb-digvj ¯‹zj N=10 (%)

†gvU N=21 (%)

Rxeb `¶Zv 91 70 81 GBPAvBwf/GBWm I GBPAvBwf msµgY 73 40 57 gv`K 73 30 52 gv`‡Ki aib, cÖKvi‡f` 36 20 29 gv`‡Ki Kzdj, fqvenZv , cwiYwZ 36 20 29 gv`Kvmw³, Gi KviY 36 10 24 gv`K‡K bv ejvi †KŠkj 18 10 24 gv`‡Ki mv‡_ GBPAvBwf/GBWm Gi m¤úK© 9 10 10 wcqvi GWy‡KUi‡`i `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ 9 10 10 Dc‡ii mviYx‡Z †`Lv hvq †h, digvj I bb-digvj ¯‹zj cwiw ’wZi gv÷vi †UªBbviMY wcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs G wcqvi‡`i †hme welq wkwL‡qwQ‡jb, †m¸‡jvi g‡a¨ gv‡bi µgvbymv‡i †ewk ¸i“Z¡c~Y© wQj Rxeb `¶Zv (81%), GBPAvBwf/GBWm I GBPAvBwf msµgY (57%) Ges gv`K (52%) | bb-digvj ¯‹‡ji GKRb gv÷vi †UªBbv‡ii Dw³ G‡¶‡Î LyeB Zvrch©c~Y©| wZwb e‡j‡Qb, Ôwcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs G Avgiv hv wkwL‡qwQ, Zvi g‡a¨ †ewk ¸i“Z¡c~Y© wQj- Rxeb `¶Zv, GBPAvBwf/GBWm Ges gv`K|Õ djvdj †_‡K Av‡iv Abygvb Kiv hvq †h, bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji Zzjbvq digvj ¯‹z‡j Dc‡iv³ wZbwU welq

-Ges mswk ó Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi Dci †ewk ¸i“Z¡ †`qv n‡qwQj| Dc‡iv³ Z_¨vewj †_‡K Abygvb Kiv hvq †h, gv÷vi †UªBbviMY gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs †_‡K †hmKj welq wk‡LwQ‡jb, †mmKj wel‡qi cÖvq meB Zviv wcqvi GWy‡KUi‡`i wkwL‡q‡Qb| Zv‡`i wkLv‡bv wel‡qi g‡a¨ gv‡bi µgvbymv‡i Rxeb `¶Zv, GBPAvBwf Ges gv`K m¤úwK©Z welq¸‡jv me‡P‡q †ewk ¸i“Z¡c~Y© wQj|

gv÷vi †UªBbviMY digvj ¯‹zj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹zj ch©v‡qi wcqvi GWy‡KUi‡`i Av‡iv †hme ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq wkwL‡qwQ‡jb, †m¸‡jv c„_Kfv‡e Zv‡`i fvlvq ûeû wb‡gœ cÖ vb Kiv n‡jv:

18

• hye-mgv‡Ri g‡a¨ gv`‡Ki ¶wZKi cÖfve (18% digvj ¯‹zj) • gv`K ª‡e¨i Ace¨envi (bb-digvj ¯‹zj) • GBWm †Qvuqv‡P bq (bb-digvj ¯‹zj)

• wcqvi GWy‡KUi‡`i †hme welq m¤ú‡K© Av‡iv †ewk Rvbv‡bv cÖ‡qvRb wQj

mv¶vZ`vZv gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i KvQ †_‡K Rvb‡Z PvIqv n‡qwQj †h, Zviv wcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs w`‡Z wM‡q Zv‡`i Ggb †Kvb ‡Kvb welq g‡b n‡qwQj, †h welq¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© wcqvi GWy‡KUi‡`i Av‡iv †ewk K‡i Rvbv‡bv A_ev Ávb `vb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb wQj| digvj ¯‹z‡ji 82% Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji 50% gv÷vi †UªBbvi welqwUi Dci Zv‡`i gZvgZ †`b| wb‡gœ digvj I bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i mvgÄm¨c~Y© gZvgZ µgvbymv‡i cÖ vb Kiv n‡jv:

mviYx 19: wcqvi GWy‡KUi †UªwbsG wcqvi‡`i AviI Rvbv‡bvi welq

Av‡iv †ewk Rvbvi welq digvj-¯‹zj N=11 (%)

bb-digvj ¯‹zj N=10 (%)

†gvU N=21 (%)

e†qv:mwÜKvj 55 10 33 Rxeb `¶Zv 9 30 19 gv`Kvm³ e¨w³i wbivgq 18 10 14

Dc‡i †`qv mviYx‡Z †`Lv hvq †h, digvj ¯‹zj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji gv÷vi †UªBbviMY wcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs w`‡Z wM‡q wZbwU welq h_v: e‡qv:mwÜKvj, Rxeb `¶Zv Ges gv`Kvmw³ I Gi †_‡K wbivgq m¤ú‡K© wcqvi GWy‡KUi‡`i†K Av‡iv †ewk Rvbv‡bvi ev Ávb `vb Kivi cÖ‡qvRb Abyfe K‡iwQ‡jb| digvj ¯‹z‡ji me©vwaK 55% e‡qv:mwÜKvj Ges me©vwaK 18% gv`K I gv`Kvmw³ Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji 30% gv÷vi †UªBbvi Rxeb `¶Zv m¤ú‡K© wcqvi GWy‡KUi‡`i Av‡iv AwaK Rvbv‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| Dc‡iv³ wZbwU g~j welq AviI ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †h, digvj ¯‹z‡ji gv÷vi †UªBbviMY e‡qv:mwÜKv‡j †Q‡j-‡g‡q‡`i g‡bi Ae ’v Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji gv÷vi †UªBbviMY e‡qv:mwÜKv‡ji mgm¨v I mgvavb m¤ú‡K© wcqvi GWy‡KUi‡`i Av‡iv Rvbv‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| digvj ¯‹z‡ji GKRb gv÷vi †UªBbvi g‡b K‡ib †h , wcqvi GWy‡KUi‡`i Ôe‡qv:mwÜKv‡j wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡`i g‡a¨ †hme Lvivc gvbwmKZv m„w÷ n‡Z cv‡i, †mme welq m¤ú‡K© Rvbv‡bv Ges †mme †_‡K weiZ _vKvi Dcvq Av‡iv †ewk ‡kLv‡bv DwPr wQj|Õ Dfq cwiw ’wZi gv÷vi †UªBbviMY -Dc‡iv‡j wLZ welq e¨vwZZ, Av‡ivI ‡h ai‡bi welq wcqvi GWy‡KUi‡`i†K Rvbv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyfe K‡iwQ‡jb, †m¸‡jv Zv‡`i fvlvq ûeû wb‡gœ Dc ’vcb Kiv n‡jv:

• †Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbvi †KŠkj (18% digvj-¯‹zj) • gv`Kvm³ e¨w³ wbivg‡qi ci Kg©ms ’v‡bi my‡hvM (bb-digvj ¯‹zj)

19

2.2. wcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs mvgMÖx • wcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs-G wcqvi GWy‡KUi‡`i †`Iqv ‡Uªwbs mvgMÖx

gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i KvQ †_‡K Rvb‡Z PvIqv n‡qwQj †h, wcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs Kvh©µ‡g wcqvi GWy‡KUi‡`i wK ai‡bi cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖx mieivn Kiv n‡qwQj| digvj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji mv¶vr`vZv mKj gv÷vi †UªBbvi G †¶‡Î †hme Z_¨ mieivn K‡ib, ‡m¸‡jv wb‡gœ Dc ’vcb Kiv n‡jv:

mviYx 20: wcqvi GWy‡KUi‡`i ‡`Iqv cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖx cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖx digvj-¯‹zj

N=11 (%) bb-digvj ¯‹zj N=10 (%)

‡gvU N=21 (%)

ej‡cb 91 90 90 d¬vk KvW© 100 70 86 Wv‡qix 100 60 81 e¨vM 73 80 76 cÖwk¶Y g¨vby‡qj 82 60 71 c¨vW 64 40 52 eªwkIi 64 20 43 gvK©vi, mvBb‡cb 73 10 43 wjd‡jU 18 40 29

Dc‡ii ‡`qv cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖxi ZvwjKv †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, cvqvK&U evsjv‡`k KZ©„K digvj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹zj cwiw ’wZi wcqvi GWy‡KUi†`i gv‡S cÖavbZ : bq ai‡bi cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖx weZiY Kiv n‡qwQj| digvj ¯‹z‡ji gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i 100% wcqvi‡`i †`Iqv mvgMÖxi g‡a¨ d¬vk KvW© I Wv‡qixi Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji e„nËi Ask h_v 91% Ges 80% h_vµ‡g ej‡cb I e¨v‡Mi mieiv‡ni K_v e‡j‡Qb| Z_¨weeiYx †_‡K Av‡iv †`Lv hvq ‡h, A‡bK †¶‡Î mv¶vr`vZv gv÷vi †UªBbv‡ii msL¨v cÖwk¶Y mvgMªxi msL¨vi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨ bv _vK‡jI cÖ‡Z¨K wcqvi GWy‡KUi †h Kgc‡¶ GKwU K‡i cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖx †c‡qwQj Zv mn‡RB AYy‡gq|

• wcqvi GWy‡KUi‡`i AviI cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖxi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

cÖwk¶Yv_x© gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i KvQ †_‡K Rvb‡Z PvIqv n‡qwQj †h, mieivnK…Z cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖx Qvov wcqvi GWy‡KUi‡`i†K AviI †Kv‡bv cÖwk¶Y mvgMªx mieiv†ni cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Zviv Abyfe K‡iwQ‡jb wK-bv| digvj I bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji me©vwaK 19% gv÷vi †UªBbvi e¨wZZ Ab¨mKj gv÷vi †UªBbvi wcqvi GWy‡KUi‡`i Av‡iv cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖx †`qvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyfe K‡iwQ‡jb| Z‡e gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i †`qv Z_¨vewj †_‡K yÕai‡bi Pvwn`vi Bw½Z cvIqv hvq| †hgb-c~‡e© mieivZK…Z DcKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Ges mieivnK…Z DcKiY e¨wZZ Ab¨vb¨ DcKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv| c~‡e© (GKevi) mieivnK…Z †hmKj mvgMÖxi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv gv÷vi †UªBbviMY Av‡iv mieiv‡ni Rb¨ e‡j‡Qb, Zvi Z_¨ wb‡gœ †`qv n‡jv :

20

mviYx 21 : wcqvi GWy‡KU‡`i Av‡iv †h me cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖx cÖ‡qvRb

cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖx digvj-¯‹zj N=11 (%)

bb-digvj ¯‹j N=10 (%)

‡gvU N=21 (%)

‡cv÷vi 9 10 10 ‡bvUeyK 9 10 10 †cv÷vi ‡ccvi, gvK©vi, Kjg 9 10 10

Dc‡ii mviYx‡Z †`Lv hvq †h, digvj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji gv÷vi †UªBbvi†`i cÖvq GK-Z…Zxqvsk (30%) wcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs Gi mgq Av‡iv †cv÷vi, †bvUeyK, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi I Kjg cÖf„wZ cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖxi cÖ‡qvRb wQj e‡j Rvwb‡q‡Qb|

• bZzb ai‡bi †hme mvgMÖxi cÖ‡qvRb: digvj-¯‹zj bb-digvj ¯‹j

• gv`K ªe¨ e¨env‡ii cwiYwZ m¤wjZ wPÎ (36%) • Rxeb `¶Zvi `kwU av‡ci Dci †QvU †QvU KvW© (20%) • -gv`K we‡ivax †k vMvbmn iw½b †cv÷vi (18%) • ‡Uªwbs K¨vc, wU-kvU©, †MwÄ (20%) • †nvqvBU †evW© (wcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs †mk‡b

e¨env‡ii Rb¨) (9%) • gv`K e¨env‡i gvbe‡`n wKfv‡e ¶wZMÖ ’ nq Zvi cÖevnwPÎ

(10%) gv÷vi †UªBbviMY Av‡iv †hme cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖx bZybfv‡e †hvMvb †`qvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyfe K‡iwQ‡jb, †m¸‡jvi g‡a¨ digvj I bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji h_vµ‡g gv`K ªe¨ e¨env‡ii cwiYwZ m¤wjZ wPÎ (me©vwaK 36%) -gv`K we‡ivax †k vMvbmn iw½b †cv÷vi , Rxeb `¶Zvi `kwU av‡ci Dci †QvU †QvU KvW©, ‡Uªwbs K¨vc, wU-kvU©, †MwÄ (me©vwaK 18%), †nvqvBU †evW© (wcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs †mk‡b e¨env‡ii Rb¨) Ges gv`K e¨env‡i gvbe‡`n wKfv‡e ¶wZMÖ ’ nq Zvi cÖevnwPÎ|

2.3. wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡`i gv‡S gv`K wb‡iv‡a wcqvi GWy‡Kkb c×wZi mwVKZv, myweav I Amyweav Ges Kvh©KvixZv gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i KvQ †_‡K Rvb‡Z PvIqv n‡qwQj †h, gv`K wb‡iv‡a wcqvi GWy‡Kkb c×wZ mwVK wK-bv, Gi myweav I Amyweav c×wZ wn‡m‡e GwU KZUv Kvh©Kix wQj BZ¨vw`| wb‡gœ cÖwZwU wel‡qi Dci Z_¨wfwËK Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv :

• wcqvi GWy‡Kkb c×wZ mwVK wK-bv : digvj-¯‹yj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji cÖvq mKj (91%) cÖwk¶Yv_x© wcqvi GWy‡Kkb c×wZ mwVK e‡j g‡b K‡ib| Dfq cwiw ’wZi ^ímsL¨K gv÷vi †UªBbvi (10%) cwi¯‹vifv‡e welqwUi Dci mivmwi gZvgZ bv

-w`‡jI mswk ó Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi Dci †`qv Zv‡`i gZvgZ †_‡K c×wZwU †h mwVK, Zv-B mn‡R Aby†gq| wb‡gœ GB c×wZ KZUzKz mwVK Zv cªwk¶Yv_x©‡`i ûeû fvlvq cÖ vb Kiv n‡jv :

21

mviYx 22 : wcqvi GWy‡Kkb c×wZi mwVKZv m¤ú‡K© gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i gZvgZ c×wZ KZUv mwVK digvj ¯‹zj

N=11 (%) bb-digvj ¯‹zj N=10 (%)

‡gvU N=21 (%)

LyeB mwVK 9 30 19 mwVK 64 60 62 ‡gvUvgywU mwVK 18 - 5

Dc‡ii mviYx‡Z †`qv Z_¨weeiYx‡Z †`Lv hvq †h, digvj ¯‹z‡ji 64% Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji 60% mv¶vr`vZv gv÷vi †UªBbvi wcqvi GWy‡Kkb c×wZ†K GKwU ÔmwVK c×wZÕ wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡i‡Qb| bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji mv¶vr`vZv‡`i me©vwaK cÖvq GK-Z…Zxqvsk (30%) Ges digvj ¯‹z‡ji me©vwaK 9% mv¶vr`vZv GB c×wZ†K ÔLyeB mwVKÕ e‡j AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb| digvj ¯‹z‡ji me©vwaK 18% mv¶vr`vZv c×wZwU Ô†gvUvgywU mwVKÕ e‡j g‡b K‡ib| †Kb cÖvq mKj gv÷vi †UªBbvi wcqvi GWy‡Kkb c×wZ†K GKwU ÔDËg c×wZÕ wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Ki‡jb, Zv GB c×wZi cÖ‡qvM-myweav g~j¨vqb Ki‡j ¯úó n‡q DV‡e|

• wcqvi GWy‡Kkb c×wZi myweav : Dfq ch©v‡qi gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i ûeû fvlvq wcqvi GWy‡Kkb c×wZi myweav¸‡jv wb‡gœ cÖ vb Kiv n‡jv :

mviYx 23 : wcqvi GWy‡Kkb c×wZi myweav m¤ú‡K© gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i gZvgZ wcqvi GWy‡Kkb c×wZi myweav

digvj-¯‹zj N=11 (%)

bb-digvj ¯‹zj N=10 (%)

†gvU N=21 (%)

RoZvgy³ ^Z :ùzZ© wkLb c×wZ 55 30 43 ‡Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g †kLv†Z mnvqK 36 30 33 AKc‡U cÖkœ K‡i ^”Q aviYv jv†fi Dc‡hvwM 36 20 29 m‡PZb I AvZ¥wek¦vmx n‡Z †kLvq 27 20 24 ^í-mg‡q, mn‡R AwaK †kL‡b DrmvwnZ K‡i 18 20 19

Dc‡ii Z_¨weeiYx n†Z †`Lv hvq †h, digvj ¯‹y†ji 55% Ges bb-digvj ¯‹y†ji me©vwaK 30% Ges Dfq cwiw ’wZ wbwe©‡k‡l me©vwaK 43% gv÷vi †UªBbvi wcqvi GWy‡Kkb c×wZ‡K GKwU RoZvgy³, ^Z:ùzZ©, me©vwaK 33% †Lvjv‡gjv fv‡e †kL†bi GKwU DËg c×wZ Ges me©vwaK 29% AKc‡U cÖkœ K‡i ^”Q aviYv jv‡fi Dc‡hvwM c×wZ wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡i‡Qb| ZvQvov, me©vwaK msL¨K (24%) gv÷vi Gi

g‡Z, GB c×wZ wk¶v_x©‡K we‡kl K‡i wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡`i m‡PZb I AvZ¥wek¦vmx n‡Z mg~n aviYv †`q Ges 19% Gi g‡Z G c×wZ‡Z wk¶v_x©iv Kg mg‡q I Kg cwikª‡g AwaK wel‡qi Dci ÁvbvR©‡bi cvkvcvwk `¶Zv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i|

Dc‡iv³ Z‡_¨i mg_©‡b A_©vr wcqvi GWy‡Kkb c×wZi ¯‹zj m¤ú‡K© gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i wKQz Dw³ ûeû wb‡gœ cÖ vb Kiv n‡jv:

22

digvj ¯‹zj: • mgeqmx nIqvq wcqviiv AKc‡U cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g Rvb‡Z ms‡KvP †eva K‡ibv| eq‡mi e¨eavb

_vK‡j †kL‡bi †¶‡Î fq-fxwZ KvR K‡i | • wcqvi GWy‡KUi‡`i Av‡M G wel‡q †Kv‡bv aviYv wQj bv, GLb Zviv fv‡jvfv‡e Rv‡b Ges

Ab¨‡KI Rvbv‡Z cv‡i| G c×wZ‡Z Zviv wb‡Riv m‡PZb n‡q‡Q, Ab¨‡`i‡KI m‡PZb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

• wcqvi GWy‡Kk‡bi gva¨‡g wK‡kvi-wK‡kvixi wek¦vm I AvPi‡Y cwieZ©b Avbv hvq Ges Zv‡`i‡K kª×vkxj, AvZ¥wek¦vmx I †bZ„‡Z¡i AwaKvix Kiv hvq|

digvj ¯‹zj:

mv¶vr`vZv gv÷vi †UªBbviMY wcqvi GWy‡Kkb c×wZi Dc‡iv³ myweavi K_v ej‡jI, Zviv GB c×wZi wKQz wKQz AmyweavI wPwüZ K‡i‡Qb, hv wb‡gœ Zv‡`i fvlvq ûeû cÖ vb Kiv n‡jv:

• wcqvi GWy‡Kkb c×wZi Amyweav mviYx 24: wcqvi GWy‡Kkb c×wZi Amyweav m¤ú‡K© gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i gZvgZ

wcqvi GWy‡Kkb c×wZi Amyweav digvj ¯‹zj N=11 (%)

bb-digvj ¯‹zj N=10 (%)

†gvU N=21 (%)

wcqviiv eÜz‡`i ¸i“Z¡ w`‡Z wØav‡eva K‡i, e¨vcviwU nvjKvfv‡e †bq 27 60 43 mgeqmx nIqv‡Z wcqvi GWy‡KUi wcqvi‡`i eySv‡Z wM‡q BZ¯—Z:†evaK‡i

9 20 14

wcqvi GWy‡KUi‡`i msL¨v Kg nIqv‡Z MÖ“c-Iqv‡K© mgm¨v nq 9 10 10 Dc‡ii mviYx‡Z j¶¨ Kiv hvq †h, gv÷vi †UªBbviMY wcqvi GWy‡Kkb c×wZi wZbwU Amyweav wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e digvj-¯‹z‡ji Zzjbvq bb-digvj ¯‹z‡j Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e mgm¨v¸‡jv †ewk we`¨gvb e‡j cÖZxqgvb nq| djvdj †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, 60% bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji gv÷vi †UªBbvi g‡b K‡ib †h, wcqviiv eÜz‡`i ¸i“Z¡ w`‡Z wØav‡eva K‡i, e¨cviwU nvjKv fv‡e †bq| Ab¨w`‡K, digvj ¯‹z‡ji me©vwaK 27% gv÷vi †UªBbvi GBgZ †cvlY K‡ib|

• wcqvi GWy‡Kkb c×wZ†Z Avb‡›`i mv‡_ Avš—wiK I Avcb cwi‡e‡k †kLv hvq

• ‡hŠb m¤ú‡K©i Kvi‡Y GBPAvBwf msµgY GB c×wZ‡Z fv‡jvfv‡e Rvbv hvq bb-digvj ¯‹zj:

• ‡h eq‡m gv`K ‡me‡b DØy× nq, †m eqmx‡`i w`‡q wcqvi GWy‡Kkb cwiPvjbv Kiv nq

• wcqvi GWy‡Kkb Avgv‡`i Rb¨ bZzb, Z‡e hy‡Mvc‡hvMx|

• eÜziv eÜz‡`i‡K K¬v‡mi Aem‡i †kLv‡Z cv‡i

• wk¶K‡`i Rb¨ wcqvi‡`i mvg‡b eÜzmyjf Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z mnR nq

• wcqvi GWy‡Kk‡bi gva¨‡g gv`K wbgy©j Kiv bv †M‡jI gv`Kvmw³i nvi Kgv‡bv m¤¢e|

23

gv÷vi †UªBbviMY G c×wZi AviI †hme Amyweav wPwüZ K‡ib, †m¸‡jv n‡jv:

• wcqviiv Zv‡`i wb‡Pi K¬v‡mi wcqvi GWy‡KUi‡`i gvb‡Z Pvqbv (digvj ¯‹zj) • wcqvi GWy‡KUiiv gv÷vi ‡UªBbvi‡`i g‡Zv we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv (bb-digvj)

• wcqvi GWy‡Kkb c×wZi Kvh©KvixZv

M‡elYvq †`Lv hvq ‡h, digvj I bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji 67% gv÷vi †UªBbvi we‡klZ: ywU Dw³i gva¨‡g wcqvi GWy‡Kk‡bi Kvh©KvixZv cÖgv‡bi †Póv K‡ib, hv wb‡gœ cÖ vb Kiv n‡jv:

mviYx 25: wcqvi GWy‡Kkb c×wZi Kvh©KvixZvi gvÎv Kvh©KvixZvi gvÎv digvj ¯‹zj

N=11 (%) bb-digvj ¯‹zj N=10 (%)

†gvU N=21 (%)

LyeB Kvh©Kix 36 40 38 Kvh©Kix 36 40 38

Dc‡ii gš—e¨ †_‡K eySv hvq †h, digvj I bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji me©vwaK mgvb msL¨K mv¶vZ`vZv gv÷vi †UªBbvi (38%) wcqvi GWy‡Kkb c×wZi Kvh©KvixZv‡K nq ÔLyeB Kvh©KixÕ bv nq ÔKvh©KixÕ e‡j AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb| ¯§vZe¨ †h, bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji GKRb Ges digvj ¯‹z‡ji yBRb gv÷vi †UªBbvi wcqvi GWy‡Kkb c×wZ‡K h_vµ‡g 90% Ges 75-80% Kvh©Kix e‡j g‡b K‡ib| Zv‡`i GKR‡bi g‡Z, †h‡nZz mvaviYZ: wcqvi GWy‡KUi eÜz‡K ¸i“Z¡ †`q bv, †mRb¨ GB c×wZ‡K 100% Kvh©Kix ejv hvq bv, wKš‘ GZ`m‡ËI G c×wZ Kvh©Ki|

gv`K wb‡iv†a wcqvi GWy‡Kkb e¨wZZ Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Kvh©Kix c×wZ m¤ú‡K© digvj I bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji 95% gv÷vi †UªBbvi Rvbvb †h, cÖPwjZ wcqvi GWy‡Kkb e¨wZZ wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡`i gv‡S gv`K wb‡iv‡ai Rb¨ Ab¨‡Kvb Kvh©Kix c×wZ m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i Rvbv bvB

• wcqvi GWy‡Kkb †Kb Kvh©Ki: gv÷vi †UªBbviMY wcqvi GWy‡Kkb c×wZ †Kb GKwU Kvh©Kix c×wZ, Zv wewfbœfv‡e cÖgvY Kivi †Póv K‡ib| Zv‡`i Awfe¨w³¸‡jv hZUv m¤¢e Zv‡`i fvlvq wb‡gœ cÖ vb Kiv n‡jv:

digvj ¯‹zj bb-digvj ¯‹zj • A‡bK welq Av‡Q hv eÜz‡`i g‡a¨ †kqvi

Kiv hvq, hvi djvdj my ~icÖmvix • GB c×wZ‡Z, Ab¨ †h‡Kv‡bv c×wZi Zyjbvq,

wcqvi‡`i Lye KvQvKvwQ hvIqv hvq • GB c×wZ‡Z †eªBb ÷wg©s Gi KvR nq • wcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs Gi ci Zviv wcqvi‡`i

cÖwk¶Y †`qvi Rb¨ LyeB Avš—wiK _v‡K • wcqviiv Rv‡b, wk¶K Zv‡`i‡K wg_¨v Z_¨ • wcqvi GWy‡KUi‡`i g‡a¨ dvuwK †`qvi cÖeYZv

24

w`‡eb bv| j¶¨ Kiv hvqwb|

2.4. wcqvi GWy‡KUi ‡Uªwbs Gi mgqKvj Ges ¸YMZgvb m¤ú‡K© gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i gZvgZ gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i‡K wcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs m¤c†K© we‡kl K‡i ‡Uªwbs-Gi mgqKvj Ges ¸YMZgvb m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i AviI †Kvb gZvgZ _vK‡j Zv -D‡j L Ki‡Z Avnevb Kiv nq| cÖvß Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ wcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs Gi mgqKvj Ges ¸YMZgvb GB welq ywUi Dci wb‡gœ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv: wcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs-Gi mgqKvj mviYx 26: wcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs Gi mgqKvj evov‡bv m¤ú‡K© gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i gZvgZ

cÖ —vweZ mgqKvj digvj-¯‹yj N=11 (%)

bb-digvj ¯‹zj N=10 (%)

†gvU N=21 (%)

wcqvi GWy‡KU‡ii †Uªwbs n‡e-

2-3 w`b 18 30 24 2-4 w`b 27 - 14 2-5 w`b 9 20 14

Dc‡ii mviYx‡Z †`Lv hvq †h, digvj ¯‹zj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹y†ji mv¶vr`vZv gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i g‡a¨ ‡ewkifvM (52%) wcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs Gi †gqv` evov‡bvi civgk© †`b| D³ gZvgZ`vZv‡`i g‡a¨ me©vwaK 24% eZ©gv‡b cÖPwjZ wcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs Gi mgqKvj 2 w`b †_‡K 3 w`b e„w× Kivi civgk© w`‡q‡Qb|

digvj-¯‹z‡ji GKRb gv÷vi †UªBbvi g‡b K‡ib †h, ÔmgqKvjUv yBw`‡bi RvqMvq wZbw`b n‡j fv‡jv n‡e| KviY, yBw`b welq¸‡jvi Dci Av‡jvPbv n‡e, Z…Zxq w`b wdì wfwRU wdWe¨vK Ges g~j¨vqb _vK‡e|Õ AvDU-¯‹z‡ji GKRb gv÷vi †UªBbvi GB m~Î a‡i e‡jb, ÔZvn‡j wcqvi GWy‡KUiiv gv`K m¤ú‡K© Av‡iv we¯—vwiZ Rvb‡Z cvi‡e|Õ

wcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs-Gi mgqKvj †Kb evov‡bv DwPr, Zv digvj ¯‹z‡ji GKRb gv÷vi †UªBbv‡ii gZvgZ †_‡KI Av‡iv cwi¯‹vi fv‡e Dcjwä Kiv hvq| Zvi g‡Z, Ôwcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs-Gi mgqKvj Av‡iv evov‡j cÖwk¶‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ I ¸YMZgvb wbwðZ n‡e, ‡Uªwbs Av‡iv mdj n‡e|Õ

wcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs-Gi ¸YMZgvb digvj ¯‹zj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹y†ji gv÷vi ‡UªBbviMY wcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs Gi ¸YMZgvb e„w×i Rb¨ †hme civgk© w`‡q‡Qb, †m¸‡jv Zv‡`i fvlvq c„_Kfv‡e wb‡gœ cÖ vb Kiv n‡jv:

digvj-¯‹zj bb-digvj ¯‹zj • -mswk ó my‡fbxqi, cwÎKv I g¨vMvwRb

mieivn Kiv • wcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs †mk‡bi mgq e„w× Kiv

• cÖwk¶Y-c~e© I cÖwk¶Y-cieZx© g~j¨vq‡bi e¨e ’v Kiv

• gv`K I GBPAvBwf m¤ú‡K© †ewk Av‡jvPbvi my‡hvM †`Iqv

• mswk ó cÖwk¶K Ges cÖwk¶Y­ v_x© I

25

Ab¨vb¨‡`i KvR myôyfv‡e e›Ub K‡i †`Iqv wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Ukb

3.1. gv`K wb‡iva Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡b wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix†`i AskMÖnY M‡elYvi Aš—f©y³ digvj ¯‹y‡ji 11 wU cÖwZôv‡bi g‡a¨ 1 wU †Z m‡e©v”P 1500 Ges 2 wU‡Z me©wbgœ 200 Rb K‡i wK‡kvi- wK‡kvix gv`K wb‡iva Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Kvh©µ‡g AskMÖnY K‡iwQj| AviI †`Lv hvq †h, 11 wU cÖwZôvb †_‡K †gvU 6430 Ges M‡o cÖwZ cÖwZôvb †_‡K 585 Rb wK‡kvi- wK‡kvix G Kvh©µ‡g AskMÖnY K‡iwQj| Ab¨w`‡K bb-digvj ¯‹y†ji 10 wU cÖwZôv‡bi g‡a¨ 1 wU †Z m‡e©v”P 2400 Ges 2 wU‡Z me©wbgœ 105 Rb K‡i wK‡kvi- wK‡kvix gv`K wb‡iva Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Kvh©µ‡g AskMÖnY K‡iwQj| Av‡ivI †`Lv hvq †h, 10 wU cÖwZôvb †_‡K †gvU 7830 Ges M‡o cÖwZ cÖwZôvb †_‡K 783 Rb wK‡kvi- wK‡kvix G Kvh©µ‡g AskMÖnY K‡iwQj| M‡o digvj I bb-digvj ¯‹zj wbwe©‡k‡l 684 Rb cÖwZwU cÖwZôvb †_‡K AskMÖnY K‡iwQj| Dc‡ii Z_¨vejx †_‡K Abygvb Kiv hvq †h, digvj ¯‹z‡ji Zzjbvq bb-digvj wk¶v cÖwZôv‡b M‡o †ewk msL¨K wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡b AskMÖnY K‡iwQj| Z‡e mvwe©Kfv‡e wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡`i AskMÖn‡Yi gvÎv m‡š—vlRbK wQj| digvj ¯‹z‡ji †ewkifvM Iwi‡q‡›Ukb ¯‹z‡j Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji †ewkifvM Iwi‡q‡›Ukb DcvbyôvwbK wk¶v †K› ª QvovI Ab¨vb¨ †fby¨‡Z AbywôZ n‡qwQj| 3.2. Iwi‡q›Ukb c×wZ, Abyôv‡bi mgq, mgqKvj Ges e¨vP cÖwZ Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi mgq

gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i KvQ †_‡K Rvb‡Z PvIqv n‡qwQj †h, Zv‡`i wbR wbR cÖwZôv‡b Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Kvh©µg wKfv‡e, KLb Ges KZw`b a‡i AbywôZ n‡qwQj| ZvQvov, e¨vP cÖwZ Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi mgqI Zv‡`i KvQ †_‡K Rvb‡Z PvIqv n‡qwQ‡jb|

• Iwi‡q›Uk†bi c×wZ/†KŠkj G cÖm‡½ digvj ¯‹zj I bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji mv¶vr`vZv gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i 60% -D‡j L K‡ib †h, Zviv wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡`i†K wewfbœ wkdU, MÖ“c, †mkb Ges e¨v‡P Iwi‡q‡›Ukb cÖ vb K‡ib| Z‡e digvj ¯‹z‡ji †ewkifvM (64%) Iwi‡q‡›Ukb wkdU/†mk‡b Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji †ewkifvM Iwi‡q‡›Ukb (70%) e¨v‡P AbywôZ n‡qwQj| Aewkó mv¶vr`vZv gv÷vi †UªBbviMY G cÖm‡½ †Kvb gZvgZ bv w`‡jI a‡i ‡bqv hvq †h, ZvivI wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡`i wewfbœ wkdU I e¨v‡P Aš—f©y³ K‡iB Iwi‡q‡›Ukb w`‡qwQ‡jb| M‡elYvq Av‡iv †`Lv hvq †h, wkdU I e¨vP wbwe©‡k‡l me©vwaK msL¨K (86%) Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡b M‡o 15 Rb K‡i wcqvi ev wk¶v_x© Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Kvh©µ‡g AskMÖnY K‡iwQj| Z‡e, †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †¶‡Î (14%) GB msL¨v 20-25 RbI wQj e‡j Abygvb Kiv hvq|

26

• Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Abyôv‡bi mgq G‡¶‡Î mv¶vr `vbKvix digvj ¯‹z‡ji 64% gv÷vi †UªBbvi Rvbvb †h, Zv‡`i cÖwZôv‡b mKvj, ycyi I ycy‡ii GKUz c‡i Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡qwQj| Ab¨w`‡K, bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji mv¶vr `vbKvix

gv÷vi †UªBbvi†`i 80% Rvbvb †h, Zv‡`i cÖwZôv‡b mKv‡j, weKv‡j A_ev †kl wcwiq‡W Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡qwQj| digvj ¯‹z‡ji †ewkifvM Iwi‡q‡›Ukb w`‡bi 11-12 Uvi g‡a¨ Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji †ewki fvM Iwi‡q‡›Ukb mKvj 7-9 Uv I we‡Kj 2:30-5:00 Uvi g‡a¨ AbywôZ n‡qwQj| digvj ¯‹z‡ji ‡ewkifvM gv÷vi †Uª&Bbvi‡`i (55%) g‡Z, ¯‹z‡ji mgqm~wP Abyhvqx w`‡bi 11:30 Uv †_‡K 1-1:30 Uv, Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Abyôv‡bi me‡P‡q fv‡jv mgq| Zv‡`i Kv‡iv Kv‡iv g‡Z w`‡bi 1 Uvi c~‡e©B Iwi‡q‡›Ukb m¤úbœ Kiv DwPr| Zv‡`i me©vwaK 27% Avevi, †deª“qvix I Ryb gv‡m h_vµ‡g 11 I 12 Uvq Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Abyôv†bi Av‡qvRb Ki‡j me‡P‡q fv‡jv nq e‡j Rvwb‡q‡Qb|

• Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi mgqKvj digvj ¯‹z‡ji mv¶vr`vbKvix gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i 82% Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji 80% Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi mgqKvj wb‡ ©k K‡i‡Qb| G cÖm‡½ M‡elYvi mv¶vr`vZv gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i KvQ †_‡K cÖvß Z_¨ wb‡gœ †`qv n‡jv: mviYx 27: Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi mgqKvj m¤ú‡K© gv÷vi ‡UªBbvi‡`i gZvgZ

Dc‡iv³ mviYx †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, digvj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹zj wbwe©‡k‡l †ewkifvM cÖwZôv‡b 7-8 w`b a‡i gv`K wb‡iva wk¶vi Dci wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡`i Iwi‡q‡›Ukb †`qv n†qwQj| Z‡e digvj ¯‹zj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i h_vµ‡g 18% Ges 10% Rvbvb †h, Zv‡`i cÖwZôv‡b 15-16 w`b hver Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Kvh©µg Ae¨nZ wQj| djvdj †_‡K Av‡iv †`Lv hvq †h, digvj ¯‹z‡j m‡e©v”P GKgvm Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡j me©wbgœ 4-5 w`b D³ Kvh©µg Ae¨vnZ wQj| ‡h‡nZz Iwi‡q‡›Uk†bi mgqKvj wbf©i K‡i wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix†`i Dcw ’wZ I cÖwZôv‡bi mgq-my‡hv‡Mi Dci, †m‡nZz wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡b wewfbœ †gqv‡` GB Kvh©µg AbywôZ n‡q _vK‡Z cv‡i|

Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi mgqKvj

digvj ¯‹zj N=11 (%)

bb-digvj ¯‹zj N=10 (%)

†gvU N=21 (%)

7-8 w`b 64 50 52 15-16 w`b 18 10 14 4-5 w`b 9 20 10 1 gvm 9 - 5

27

• e¨vP cÖwZ Iwi‡q‡›Ukb mgq M‡elYvq †`Lv hvq †h, digvj ¯‹y†ji mKj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji cÖvq mKj (90%) gv÷vi †UªBbvi Zv‡`i wbR wbR cÖwZôv‡b AbywôZ wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi mgq wb‡ ©k K‡i‡Qb| digvj-¯‹z‡ji Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji mv¶vr`vbKvix gv÷vi †UªBbvi†`i †`qv Z_¨ Abymv‡i e¨vP cÖwZ Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Abyôv‡bi mgq e¨wß wb‡gœ cÖ vb Kiv n‡jv:

mviYx 28: Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi cÖwZ e¨v‡Pi mgqKvj m¤ú‡K© gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i gZvgZ

e¨vP cÖwZ mgq digvj-¯‹zj N=11 (%)

bb-digvj¯‹zj N=10 (%)

†gvU N=21 (%)

1-1:30 wgwbU 73 50 62 45 wg:-1 N›Uv 18 20 19 2 N›Uv 9 10 10

Dc‡ii mviYx‡Z cÖ Ë Z_¨vejx †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, digvj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹zj wbwe©‡k‡l †ewkifvM (62%) Iwi‡q‡›Ukb 1N›Uv †_‡K 1:30 N›Uv ch©š— AbywôZ nq| G‡¶‡Î digj ¯‹z‡ji 73% Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji A‡a©Kvsk (50%) Dc‡iv³ gZvgZ cÖ vb K‡ib| Z_¨vejx †_‡K Av‡iv †`Lv hvq †h, wKQz msL¨K ¯‹z‡j (19%) Iwi‡q‡›Ukb †Kej 45 wg:-1 N›Uv ch©š— AbywôZ n‡qwQj| Lye Kg msL¨K cÖwZôv‡b (10%) 2 N›Uv a‡i Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Kvh©µg AbywôZ nq| djvdj †_‡K Abygvb Kiv hvq †h, hw`I Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Abyôv‡bi AvbygvwbK mgqmxgv wQj yB N›Uv, me †¶‡Î GB mgqm~wP AbymiY Kiv hvqwb| G‡¶‡Î digvj ¯‹y‡ji 27% gv÷vi †UªBbv†ii gZvgZ Zvrch©c~Y©| Zviv Ôd¬vkKv‡W©i Dci Av‡jvPbvi mgq 30 wgwbU evwo‡q †gvU 2 N›Uv Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡j fv‡jv n‡ZvÕ e‡j gZvgZ e¨³ K‡ib| 3.3. wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡b cÖvß mn‡hvwMZvi aib/gvb m¤ú‡K© gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i gZvgZ

• gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i wbR wbR cÖwZôvb †_‡K cÖvß mn‡hvwMZvi aib digvj ¯‹zj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji h_vµ‡g mKj (100%) Ges 80% mv¶vr`vbKvix gv÷vi †UªBbvi wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ Zv‡`i wbR wbR cÖwZôvb †_‡K mn‡hvwMZv †c‡qwQ‡jb e‡j gZ cÖKvk K‡ib| mn‡hvwMZvi wewfbœ aib gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i ûeû fvlvq wb‡gœi mviYx‡Z cÖ vb Kiv n‡jv: mviYx 29: gv÷vi‡UªBbv‡`i wbR wbR cÖwZôvb †_‡K cÖvß mn‡hvwMZvi aib

mn‡hvwMZvi gvb digvj-¯‹zj N=11 (%)

bb-digvj ¯‹zj N=10 (%)

‡gvU N=21 (%)

LyeB fv‡jv 91 60 76 fv‡jv 9 10 10

28

digvj ¯‹z‡ji cÖvq mK‡j (91%) Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji 60% Z_v mw¤§wjZfv‡e 76% gv÷vi †UªBbvi Rvwb‡q‡Qb †h, Zviv Zv‡`i wbR wbR cÖwZôvb †_‡K ÔLyeB fv‡jvÕ mn‡hvwMZv †c‡qwQ‡jb| ZvQvov, Aewkó mv¶vr`vZv‡`i g‡a¨ 10% Ôfv‡jvÕ Ges 5% Ô‡gvUvgywU fv‡jvÕ mn‡hvwMZv †c‡qwQ‡jb e‡j Rvbvb| gv÷vi †UªBbvi†`i wbR ^ Dw³ †_‡K Dc‡iv³ djvd‡ji h_v_©Zv cÖgvY Kiv hvq-

• mn‡hvwMZv fv‡jv wQj| K¬vki“‡gi e¨e ’v Kiv I QvÎ-QvÎx‡`i cÖwk¶‡Y AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kiv †_‡K ïi“ K‡i mKj ai‡bi mvnvh¨ mn‡hvwMZv cÖwZôvb K‡iwQj|(digvj -¯‹zj)

• mKj ai‡bi mn‡hvwMZv Avgv‡`i cÖwZôvb K‡i‡Q - †fby¨ wbe©vPb †_‡K cvwU©wm‡c›U †LvuRv; Kvh©µ‡gi ïi“ †_‡K †kl ch©š— cÖwZôv‡bi †Kn bv †Kn _vK‡Zb| (bb-digvj ¯‹zj)

Dch©y¯— Z_¨vejx †_‡K Abygvb Kiv hvq †h, cÖvq mKj gv÷vi †UªBbviB Zv‡`i wbR wbR cÖwZôv†b wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Z_v Z`viKx Ki‡Z wM‡q h_v_©B ÔLye fv‡jvÕ mn‡hvwMZv †c‡qwQ‡jb|

• Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Kvh©µg †h cÖwZôv‡b AbywôZ n‡q‡Q †m cÖwZôv‡bi wk¶Ke„‡›`i mn‡hvwMZvi aib

digvj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji h_vµ‡g mKj (100%) I AwaKvsk (70%) mv¶vr`vbKvix gv÷vi †UªBbvi wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ Zv‡`i wbR wbR cÖwZôv†bi wk¶K‡`i KvQ †_‡K wewfbœfv‡e mn‡hvwMZv †c‡qwQ‡jb e‡j -D‡j L K‡ib| gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i AweKj gš—‡e¨i Av‡jv‡K cÖwZôv‡bi wk¶Ke„‡›`i KvQ †_‡K cvIqv mn‡hvwMZvi wewfbœ aib gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i ûeû fvlvq wb‡gœ cÖ vb Kiv n‡jv:

mviYx 30: cÖwZôvb †_‡K cÖvß mn‡hvMxZvi aib

mn‡hvwMZvi aib digvj-¯‹zj N=11 (%)

bb-digvj ¯‹zj N=10 (%)

†gvU N=21 (%)

• cy‡ivcywi 27 20 24

• h‡_ó 45 30 38

• fv‡jv 18 20 19

• ‡gvUvgywU 9 - 5 Dch©y¯— mviYx‡Z Z_¨vejx †_‡K Abygvb Kiv hvq †h, cÖvq mKj gv÷vi †UªBbviB cÖwZôv†b wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Kvh©µg Z`viKx Ki‡Z wM‡q Zv‡`i mnKgx© wk¶Ke„‡›`i KvQ †_‡K ÔLyeB fv‡jvÕ mn‡hvwMZv †c‡qwQ‡jb| M‡elYvi djvd‡ji mg_©‡b gv÷vi †UªBbviMY Zv‡`i mnKgx©‡`i KvQ †_‡K †h ai‡bi mn‡hvwMZv I g‡bvfv†ei cwiPq †c‡qwQ‡jb, Zvi wKQz bgybv wb‡gœ DׄZ n‡jv-

• Ab¨vb¨ wk¶Ke„‡›`i mn‡hvwMZv I g‡bvfve h‡_ó fv‡jv wQj| A‡bK wk¶K QvÎ-QvÎx‡`i Drmvn w`‡qwQ‡jb cÖwk¶‡Y hvIqvi Rb¨| Aci GKRb gv÷vi †UªBbv‡ii g‡Z, ÔG e¨cv‡i cÖwZôv‡bi

‡gvUvgywU fv‡jv - 10 5

29

Ab¨vb¨ wk¶Ke„‡›`i h‡_ó c‡RwUf g‡bvfve wQj| Zviv cÖvq cÖwZwU †mkb AeRvf© K‡i‡Qb| (digvj-¯‹zj )

• Ab¨vb¨ wk¶Ke„‡›`i Ges mgvR msMVK‡`i mn‡hvwMZv Lye fv‡jv wQj| cÖwZôv‡bi wk¶‡Kiv wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Ukb AM©vbvBR K‡i w`‡Zb Ges cÖwk¶YKvjxb mg‡q me©¶Y Dcw ’Z †_‡K wcqvi‡`i mvnvh¨ Ki‡Zb| (bb-digvj ¯‹zj)

digvj ¯‹zj I bb-digvj ¯‹zj cwiw ’wZi gv÷vi †UªBbvi†`i wbR ^ cÖwZôv†bi mnKgx©‡`i KvQ †_‡K cÖvß mn‡hvwMZvi aib I cÖK…wZ g~j¨vqb K‡i mn‡RB Abygvb Kiv hvq †h, digvj I bb-digvj ¯‹zj

-cwiw ’wZ†Z wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Kvh©µg gv`K wb‡iva wk¶vi cÖwZ mswk ó mK‡ji Drmvn I AvMÖn m„wó Ki‡Z m¶g n‡qwQj, hv gv`K wb‡iva wk¶vi j¶¨ AR©‡b h‡_ó mnvqK| • cvqvK&U evsjv‡`k-Gi mn‡hvwMZvi gvb

mv¶vr`vbKvix gv÷vi †UªBbvi†`i KvQ †_‡K Rvb‡Z PvIqv n‡qwQj †h, Zviv wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Kvh©µg PjvKv‡j cvqvK&U evsjv‡`k †_‡K †h mn‡hvwMZv †c‡qwQ‡jb Zvi gvb †Kgb wQj| digvj ¯‹z‡ji mKj (100%) Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji 70% wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡b cvqvK&U evsjv‡`‡ki mn‡hvwMZvi gvb wbav©iY K‡ib| cvqvK&U evsjv‡`k-Gi KvQ †_‡K cvIqv mn‡hvwMZvi gvb †Kgb wQj Zv digvj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i ûeû fvlvq wb‡gœ cÖ vb Kiv n‡jv: mviYx 31: cvqvK&U evsjv‡`k-Gi mn‡hvwMZvi gvb

mn‡hvwMZvi gvb digvj-¯‹zj N=11 (%)

bb-digvj ¯‹zj N=10 (%)

‡gvU N=21 (%)

mvwe©K 45 20 33 Lye fv‡jv 55 50 52

Dch©y¯— mviYx‡Z cÖ Ë M‡elYvi djvdj †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, digvj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹zj wbwe©‡k‡l †ewkifvM gv÷vi †UªBbvi (52%) cvqvK&U †_‡K ÔLye fv‡jv mn‡hvwMZvÕ †c‡qwQ‡jb e‡j Rvbvb| G‡¶‡Î †`Lv hvq †h, digvj ¯‹z‡ji 55% Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji 50% mv¶vr`vZv gv÷vi †UªBbvi cvqvK&U †_‡K Lye fv‡jv mn‡hvwMZv †c‡qwQ‡jb| ZvQvov, digvj ¯‹z‡ji cÖvq A‡a©Kvsk (45%) Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji me©vwaK 20% cvqvK&U-Gi mn‡hvwMZvi gvb Ômvwe©KÕ wQj e‡j gš—e¨ K‡ib| Dc†ii mviYx†Z †`qv M‡elYvi djvd‡ji mg_©‡b digvj-¯‹zj I bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji yRb gv÷vi †UªBbv‡ii cvqvK&U-Gi mn‡hvwMZvi gvb m¤ú‡K© mvwe©K gZvgZ wb‡gœ cÖ vb Kiv n‡jv:

• cÖwk¶‡Yi mgq cvqvK&U Gi fvB‡qiv cÖvqB Dcw ’Z _vK‡Zb Ges †mk‡b wM‡q mgm¨v n‡j Zviv mgvavb Ki‡Zb| mKj ai‡bi mn‡hvwMZv ZvivB cÖ vb K‡iwQ‡jb| (digvj-¯‹zj)

• cvqvK&U evsjv‡`‡ki Kg©KZ©v‡`i mK‡jiB mn‡hvwMZvi g‡bvfve wQj Avš—wiK| Zviv mKj wel‡q me©vZ¥K mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Qb| (bb-digvj ¯‹zj)

30

3.4. Iwi‡q‡›Ukb mvgMÖx gv÷vi †UªBbvi†`i KvQ †_‡K Rvb‡Z PvIqv nq †h, wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡b AbywôZ Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Kvh©µ‡gi Rb¨ wK ai‡bi cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖx e¨envi Kiv n‡qwQj Ges wcqvi‡`i‡K wK wK cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖx mieivn Kiv n‡qwQj|

• Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Kvh©µ‡g e¨eüZ cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖx digvj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹zj wbwe©‡k‡l 95% mv¶vr`vbKvix gv÷vi †UªBbv‡ii Awfe¨w³ ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i †`Lv hvq †h, digvj ¯‹zj ch©v‡q wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡b e¨eüZ cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖx wQj h_vµ‡g ‡cv÷vi, d¬vkKvW©, †eªvwkIi, wjd‡jU, †cv÷vi †ccvi,gvK©vi BZ¨vw` Ges bb-digvi ¯‹zj ch©v‡q e¨eüZ cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖx wQj: e¨vbvi, †d÷zb, ‡cv÷vi, d¬vkKvW©, †eªvwkIi, wjd‡jU, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi BZ¨vw`|

• wcqvi‡`i†K †`qv cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖx digvj ¯‹zj ch©v‡qi 91% gv÷vi †UªBbv‡ii g‡Z, wcqvi‡`i‡K †h me cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖx mieivn Kiv n‡qwQj, †m¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wQj h_vµ‡g-‡eªvwkIi, Kjg, wiwWs g¨vUvwiqvj, Wv‡qix, c¨vW, †bgKvW©, e¨vM, gvK©vi, mvBb‡cb| bb-digvj ¯‹zj ch©v‡qi gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i 80% Gi g‡Z, wcqvi‡`i‡K †h me cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖx mieivn Kiv n‡qwQj, †m¸‡jv wQj h_vµ‡g-‡eªvwkIi, wiwWs g¨vUvwiqvj, Wv‡qix, c¨vW, †bgKvW©, Kjg, GKwU e¨vM BZ¨vw`| Z‡e GK-Z…Zxqvsk (33%) gv÷vi †UªBbvi g‡b K‡ib †h, wcqvi‡`i †`qv cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖxi g‡a¨ †hgb: ej‡cb, gvK©vi, mvBb‡cb BZ¨vw`i cwigvY I ¸YMZgvb Ges e¨v‡Mi ¸YMZgvb e„w× Kiv DwPr| digvj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji mv¶vr`vZv gv÷vi †UªBbvi†`i gZvgZ †_‡K Abygvb Kiv hvq †h, cvqvK&U KZ©„K mieivnK…Z mKj cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖx wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi Kv‡R e¨eüZ n‡qwQj Ges AskMÖnYKvix wcqvi†`i‡KI Kgc‡¶ GKwU K‡i DcKiY ‡`Iqv n‡qwQj| 3.5. wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi gvb Ges wcqvi‡`i Drmvn • Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi gvb

wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi gvb †Kgb wQj G e¨cv‡i digvj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹zj cwiw ’wZi gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i Awfe¨w³ wb†gœ Zv‡`i ûeû fvlvq †`qv n‡jv:

mviYx 32: wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Uk†bi gvb

Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi gvb digvj-¯‹zj N=11 (%)

bb-digvj ¯‹zj N=10 (%)

‡gvU N=21 (%)

Lye fv‡jv 36 30 33 fv‡jv 27 30 29 †gvUvgywU 18 10 14

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Dc‡ii mviYxi Z_¨vejx †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, digvj I bb-digvj ¯‹zj wbwe©‡k‡l me©vwaK GK-Z„Zxqvsk (33%) A_©vr 36% digvj Ges 30% bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji mv¶vr`vZv gv÷vi †UªBbv†ii g‡Z, wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi gvb ÔLye fv‡jvÕ wQj| Zv‡`i -GKwU D‡j L‡hvM¨ Ask A_©vr 29% Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi gvb Ôfv‡jvÕ wQj e‡j -D‡j L K‡ib| Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi gvb Ô†gvUvgywUÕ wQj e‡j me©vwaK 14% msL¨K gv÷vi †UªBbvi GB AwfgZ e¨³ K‡ib|

• wcqvi‡`i Drmvn

digvj ¯‹y†ji mKj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji 90% mv¶vr`vbKvix gv÷vi †UªBbvi Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡b wcqvi‡`i Drmvn †Kgb wQj †m wel‡q Zv‡`i g‡bvfve e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| Zv‡`i gZvg‡Zi fvlv wQj AZ¨š— BwZevPK| †hgb- Ô†ek fv‡jvÕ, ÔLye fv‡jvÕ, Ô ^Z:ùzZ©Õ, ÔPgrKviÕ, ÔAvkve¨ÄKÕ, Ôh‡_óÕ I Ôe¨vcKÕ| Zv‡`i D³ Awfe¨w³ mg~†ni Av‡jv‡K ejv hvq †h, digvj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹zj wbwe©‡k‡l AbywôZ 100% Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Kvh©µ†g AskMÖnYKvix wcqvi‡`i Drmv‡ni gvÎv wQj AZ¨waK| wcqvi‡`i Drmv‡ni gvb a‡i ivLvi Rb¨ eZ©gvb cÖwµqv fwel¨‡ZI AbymiY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| 3.6. wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡b Kvh©KvixZv

• gv`K wb‡iv‡a wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi Kvh©KvixZv digvj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji gv÷vi †UªBbvi†`i KvQ †_‡K Rvb‡Z PvIqv n†qwQj †h, wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡`i gv‡S gv`K wb‡iv‡a wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Ukb KZUv Kvh©Ki n‡qwQj| wb‡gœ Zv‡`i gZvgZ Dc ’vcb Kiv n‡jv: mviYx 33: gv`K wb‡iv‡a wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi Kvh©KvixZvi gvÎv

Kvh©KvixZvi gvb digvj ¯‹zj N=11 (%)

bb-digvj ¯‹zj N=10 (%)

‡gvU N=21 (%)

cy‡ivcywi Kvh©Ki 18 20 19 h‡_ó Kvh©Ki 45 50 48 Kvh©Ki 18 20 19

mviYx‡Z †`Iqv Z_¨vejx †_‡K Abygvb Kiv hvq †h, digvj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹zj wbwe©‡k‡l gv`K wb‡iv‡a wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Ôh‡_óÕ Kvh©Ki wQj| djvdj †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji Aa©-msL¨K A_©vr 50% Ges digvj ¯‹z‡ji cÖvq Aa©-msL¨K A_©vr 45% GB gZ mg_©b K‡ib| Zv‡`i mK‡ji gZvg‡Zi kZKiv nvi wQj 48%| ZvQvov, mv¶vr`vZv†`i 19% wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi Ôcy‡ivcywiÕ Kvh©Ki wQj e‡jI gZvgZ †`b| mvwe©Kfv‡e ejv hvq †h, gv`K wb‡iv†a wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi Kvh©KvwiZvi gvÎv wQj ÔLyeB m‡š—vlRbKÕ|

32

• wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡`i‡K DØy×Ki‡Y c×wZi Kvh©KvixZv

gv÷vi †UªBbvi†`i KvQ †_‡K Rvb‡Z PvIqv nq †h, gv`K wb‡iv‡a wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡`i†K DØy× Kivi Rb¨ AwaKZi Kvh©Kix †Kv‡bv c×wZ e¨envi Kiv ‡h‡Z cv‡i wK-bv| Zv‡`i cÖvq mK‡ji (91%) g‡Z eZ©gvb c×wZ e¨ZxZ AwaKZi Kvh©Kix c×wZ †bB| digvj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji cÖvq mKj mv¶vr`vbKvix gv÷vi †UªBbv‡ii gZvgZ G‡¶‡Î g~j¨vqb K‡i †`Lv hvq †h, digvj-¯‹y†ji †ewk msL¨K (55%) Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji A‡a©Kvsk (50%) mv¶vr`vZv gv÷vi †UªBbvi eZ©gvb c×wZ‡K AwaKZi Kvh©Kix c×wZ e‡j g†b K‡ib| 3.7. gv`K wb‡iva wk¶vi Dci Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi d‡j wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡`i gv‡S cwieZ©b Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi ci wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡`i g‡a¨ †h cwieZ©b j¶¨ Kiv hv‡”Q, gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i fvlvq ‡m¸‡jv ûeû Dc ’vcb Kiv n‡jv:

mviYx 34: wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡`i gv‡S j¶¨bxq cwieZ©†bi aib

cwieZ©‡bi aib m¤ú‡K© gv÷vi †Uª&Bbvi‡`i Dw³ digvj-¯‹zj N=11 (%)

bb-digvj ¯‹zj N=10 (%)

‡gvU N=21 (%)

cwiev‡ii m`m¨ I AvZ¥xq‡`i aygcvb Qvo†Z Aby‡iva K‡i‡Q 27 40 33 aygcvb †Q‡o w`‡q‡Q 36 20 29 ‡Q‡j-‡g‡q‡`i g‡a¨ e¨cK cwieZ©b †`Lv †M‡Q 9 10 10 gv`K cÖwZ‡iv‡a †mv”Pvi n‡q‡Q 9 10 10 gv`Kvm³ e¨w³‡`i N„Yv ev ~‡i ivLvi cÖeYZv †`Lv †M‡Q 9 10 10 wKQzUv m‡PZb n‡q‡Q, Avkv Kiv hvq 100% m‡PZb n‡e - 10 5 Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi ci ¯‹zj evDÛvwi‡Z †KD aygcvb K‡iwb 9 - 5

Dc‡ii mviYx‡Z †`Lv hvq †h, bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji 40% Ges digvj ¯‹z‡ji 27%, mw¤§wjZfv‡e GK-Z…Zxqvsk (33%) gv÷vi †UªBbv†ii g‡Z, Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi ci wcqviiv GLb Zv‡`i cwiev†ii m`m¨, eÜy-evÜe I AvZ¥xq-¯Rb‡`i gv`K †meb bv Kivi Rb¨ Aby‡iva Ki‡Z mvnm cv‡”Q| digvj ¯‹z‡ji GK-Z…Zxqvs‡ki Dci (36%) Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji yB-cÂgvsk (20%) gv÷vi †UªBbvi Rvbvb †h, wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi ci wcqviiv e¨cK nv‡i aygcvb ‡Q‡o w`‡q‡Q| gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i †`qv Dc‡iv³ wewfbœ Awfe¨w³ †_‡K Abygvb Kiv hvq †h, Iwi‡q‡›Ukb MÖn‡Yi ci wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡`i AvPiY I „wóf½xi ÔA‡bK cwieZ©bÕ N‡U‡Q| Iwi‡q‡›Ukb cÖvß wK‡kvi-wK‡kvixiv Ôaygcvb gv`‡Ki cÖ_g cvVÕ- G mZ¨wU fv‡jvfv‡e Dcjwä Ki‡Z †c‡iwQj Ges GKBmv‡_ Zviv wb‡R‡`i‡K wmMv‡iUmn Ab¨vb¨ ¶wZKi gv`K ªe¨ MÖnY †_‡K weiZ ivL‡Q Ges Ab¨‡`i‡KI ~‡i _vK‡Z DØy× Ki‡Q|

33

3.8. bZzb cÖR‡b¥i †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i†K gv`K m¤ú‡K© Rvbv‡bvi cwiKíbv

• digvj ¯‹zj

digvj ¯‹z‡ji gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i KvQ †_‡K Rvb‡Z PvIqv n‡qwQj †h, Aóg †kªYx‡Z Avmv bZzb cÖR‡b¥i †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i†K gv`K m¤ú‡K© Rvbv‡bvi †Kv‡bv cwiKíbv Av‡Q wK-bv| mv¶vr`vbKvix digvj-¯‹z‡ji GKRb e¨ZxZ mKj gv÷vi †UªBbvi (91%) ÔIwi‡q‡›Ukb †`qvi cwiKíbv wb‡q‡QbÕ e‡j Rvwb‡q‡Qb| Zv‡`i gZvgZ¸‡jv wb‡gœ †`qv n‡jv:

� 8g, 9g I 10g †kªYx‡Z erm‡i GKevi K‡i Iwi‡q‡›Ukb †`qvi cwiKíbv Av‡Q (55%) � cvqvK&U evsjv‡`k-Gi g‡Zv mn‡hvwMZv †c‡j fwel¨‡Z Kvh©µg nv‡Z †bqv n‡e (27%) � ¯‹z‡j gv`K‡K bv ejvi KwgwU Av‡Q| GB KwgwU w`‡q KvR Kivi cwiKíbv Av‡Q (9%)

• bb-digvj ¯‹zj

bb-digvj ¯‹y†ji AwaKvsk (70%) gv÷vi †UªBbvi fwel¨Z cÖR‡b¥i †Q‡j-‡g‡q‡`i †K gv`K m¤ú‡K© AewnZ Kivi Rb¨ Zv‡`i wbR ^ cwiKíbv Av‡Q e‡j Rvbvb| D`vniY ¯i“c wb‡gœ Zv‡`i wKQz gZvgZ cÖ vb Kiv n‡jv:

• wcqvi‡`i w`‡q Iwi‡q‡›Ukb †`qvi B”Qv Av‡Q (30%) • wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡`i wb‡q gv`K we‡ivax bvUK gÂvqb, cÖwZ‡iva KwgwU MVb (10%) • bZzb †Q‡j-‡g‡q‡`i gv`‡Ki Kzdj m¤ú‡K© AeMZ Kiv‡bvi Rb¨ Iwi‡q‡›Ukb K¬vm

(10%) • GmGgwm I AwffveK KwgDwbwU wgwUs G gv`‡Ki Dci Av‡jvPbv (10%) • wcqvi GWy‡KUi†`i wb‡q `j MVb K‡i gv`K we‡ivax cÖPviYv Pvjv‡bv (10%)

bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji GKRb gv÷vi †UªBbvi „pfv‡e e‡jb †h, Ô Avgiv gv`K we‡ivax cwiKíbv wb‡qwQ, fwel¨‡ZI wbe| KviY bZyb cÖRb¥†K gv`K wb‡iva m¤ú‡K© bv Rvbv‡j KL‡bv gv`Kvm‡³i nvi Kgv‡bv m¤¢e n‡e bv|Õ 3.9. wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Dbœqb m¤ú‡K© gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i AviI Ab¨vb¨ gš—e¨ ev mycvwik

• wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi mgq evov‡bv (24%) • QvÎ-wk¶K m¤ú‡K©i e¨eavb Kgv‡bv (9%)

34

cÖavb djvdj gv÷vi ‡UªBbvi †Uªwbs-Gi welqe¯‘ 1. gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs †_‡K gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i wkL‡bi welqe¯‘

• gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs G gv÷vi †UªBbviMY gv`K, GBPAvBwf/GBWm Ges Rxeb`¶Zvi Dci AvbygvwbK 24 wU welqe ‘i Ici ^”Q aviYv jvf K‡iwQ‡jb|

� gv`K,gv`‡Ki aib I cÖKvi‡f` Ges DrcwË ’j m¤ú‡K© digvj ¯‹z‡ji 64% Ges bb-digvj

¯‹z‡ji 50% A_©vr digvj I bb-digvj wbwe©‡k‡l 57% gv÷vi †UªBbvi ^”Q aviYv jvf K‡iwQ‡jb|

� bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji 50% Ges digvj ¯‹z‡ji me©vwaK 36% A_v©r me©vwaK 43% gv÷vi

†UªBbvi Rxeb `¶Zv, gv`‡Ki cÖwZ‡iva Ges gv`K I GBWm‡K bv ejvi †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© ^”Q aviYv jvf K‡iwQ‡jb|

� digvj ¯‹z‡ji 45% Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji 40%; Dfq cwiw ’wZ wg‡j me©vwaK 38% gv÷vi

†UªBbvi GBPAvBwf/GBWm wK Ges Gi BwZnvm I ¶wZKi w`K m¤ú‡K© ^”Q aviYv jvf K‡iwQ‡jb|

� gv`‡Ki fqven cÖfve I cwiYwZ m¤ú‡K© bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji 50% Ges digvj ¯‹z‡ji me©vwaK 27% A_©vr Dfq cwiw ’wZ wg‡j me©vwaK msL¨K (38%) gv÷vi †UªBbvi D³ welq mg~‡ni Dci ^”Q aviYv jvf K‡iwQ‡jb|

2. gv÷vi †UªBbvi†`i ‡Kvb welq ÔRvb‡j fv‡jv n‡ZvÕ- Ggb welq mg~n

• digvj ¯‹z‡ji me©vwaK msL¨K A_©vr 27% K‡i gv÷vi †UªBbvi Rvbvb †h, Zv‡`i gv`Kvm‡³i wPwKrmv Z_v Av‡ivM¨ jv‡fi Dcvq m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡j fv‡jv n‡Zv|

• bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji me©vwaK msL¨K A_©vr 10% K‡i gv÷vi †UªBbvi gv`‡Ki wek` weeiY, wcqvi-

AwffveK‡`i gv`KMÖnY wbi“rmvwnZ Kivi c`‡¶c Ges gv`‡Ki mwVK AvBb m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡j fv‡jv n‡Zv e‡j Rvwb‡q‡Qb|

3. gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i ÔAviI Rvb‡j fv‡jv n‡ZvÕ- Ggb welq mg~n

• digvj I bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji me©vwaK msL¨K h_vµ‡g 36% Ges 30% GBPAvBwf/GBWm Kx I GwU wKfv‡e Qovq- GZØwelq m¤ú‡K© AviI Rvb‡j fv‡jv n‡Zv e‡j Rvbvb|

35

• bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji me©vwaK msL¨K (30%) GBPAvBwf/GBWm Gi BwZnvm, ¶wZKi w`K I wPwKrmv m¤ú‡K© AviI Rvb‡j fv‡jv n‡Zv e‡j gZvgZ †`b|

cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖx

1. gv÷vi ‡UªBbvi†`i cÖvß cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖx

• M‡elYvq †`Lv hvq †h, gv÷vi †UªBbviMY cvqvK&U evsjv‡`k KZ©„K mieivnK…Z mKj ai‡bi cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖx h_vµ‡g ej‡cb, Wv‡qix ,e¨vM, cÖwk¶Y g¨vby‡qj, d¬vkKvW©, †eªvwkIi, n¨vÛAvDU, eyK‡jU, †bgKvW© BZ¨vw` MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb|

• digvj ¯‹zy‡ji 100% K‡i gv÷vi †UªBbvi ej‡cb I Wv†qix Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji 80% K‡i

gv÷vi †UªBbvi ej‡cb I e¨vM †c‡qwQ‡jb e‡j Rvwb‡q‡Qb| 2. cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖx m¤ú‡K© gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i gZvgZ

• bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji 60% Ges digvj ¯‹z‡ji me©vwaK msL¨K (36%); Dfq cwiw ’wZ wbwe©‡k‡l cÖvq A‡a©Kvsk (48%) gv÷vi †UªBbvi cwVZ cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖxi g‡a¨ fvlvMZ †Kvb mgm¨v wQjbv e‡j Rvbvb| Z‡e digvj ¯‹z‡ji 9% g‡b K‡ib †h, Ôd¬vk Kv‡W© ewY©Z †hŠb m¤úwK©Z welqwU AviI gvwR©Z fvlvq n‡j fv‡jv n‡ZvÕ|

• Dfq cwiw ’wZi me©vwaK 24% gv÷vi †UªBbvi Z‡_¨i avivevwnKZvi mgm¨v †hgb-Ôd¬vk Kv‡W©i

Qwei mv‡_ †cQ‡bi K_vi wgj ‡bBÕ e‡j Rvbvb|

• Dfq cwiw ’wZi me©vwaK 19% mv¶vZ`vZv gv÷vi †UªBbvi welqwfwËK Z‡_¨i †¶‡Î †hgb-Ôd¬vk KvW©¸‡jv KvU©yb AvKv‡i bv †i‡L ev¯—e Qwe w`‡q eo Ki‡j fv‡jv n‡ZvÕ e‡j gZ cÖKvk K‡ib|

• bb-digvj I digvj ¯‹z‡ji me©vwaK msL¨K h_vµ‡g 20% Ges 18% mv¶vZ`vZv gv÷vi

†UªBbvi Ôgv`K,GBPAvBwf/GBWm Ges Rxeb `¶Zv m¤ú‡K© Ges cÖwk¶Y g¨vby‡q‡j AviI bZzb Z_¨ mn‡hv‡M we¯—vwiZ e¨vL¨v †`Iqv `iKvjÕ wQj e‡j gZvgZ †`b|

3. AviI cÖwk¶b mvgMÖxi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

• digvj I bb-digvj ¯‹zj wbwe©‡k‡l me©vwaK msL¨K A_©vr 29% K‡i gv÷vi ‡UªBbvi d¬vkKvW©, †cvóvi, †cv÷vi †ccvi mieiv‡ni Ges me©vwaK msL¨K A_©vr 14% K‡i mvBb †cb,gvK©vi,ej‡cb, DbœZgv‡bi e¨vM Ges wd¬cPvU© mieiv‡ni civgk© w`‡q‡Qb|

• digvj ¯‹z‡ji GKRb me©vwaK 9% mv¶vr`vZv gv÷vi †Uªwbs PjvKv‡j gv`‡Ki fqvenZv m¤ú‡K© iwPZ

mvwnZ¨, Kw_Kv ev mvgwqKx cÖf„wZ cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖx mieiv‡ni civgk© w`‡q‡Qb|

36

4. gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs c×wZ

• digvj ¯‹z‡ji 55% Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji 50%; A_©vr Dfq ch©v‡qi 52% gv÷vi †UªBbvi cÖwk¶Y e³…Zv, cÖ‡kœvËi I Av‡jvPbv c×wZ; Ges Dfq ch©v‡qi me©vwaK msL¨K (42%) A_©vr digvj I bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji me©vwaK msL¨K h_vµ‡g 45% I 42% gv÷vi †UªBbvi `jMZ Av‡jvPbv c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡qwQj e‡j Rvbvb| †gvU K_v 95% gv÷vi †UªBbv†ii g‡Z, AskMÖnYg~jK c×wZ‡Z cÖwk¶Y cwiPvwjZ n‡qwQj|

• digvj I bb-digvj wbwe©‡k‡l me©vwaK msL¨K A_©vr 42% Ges 52% cÖwk¶‡Yi Dc ’vcbvi gvb

h_vµ‡g ÔLye fv‡jvÕ Ges Ôfv‡jvÕ e‡j gš—e¨ K‡ib| • digvj I bb-digvj ¯‹zj wbwe©‡k‡l 52% Ges 33% gv÷vi †UªBbvi cÖwk¶‡Y †Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbvi

my‡hvM h_vµ‡g Ôh‡_óÕ I Ôcy‡ivcywiÕ e‡j AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb| 5. gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs-Gi me‡P‡q mej w`K I `ye©j w`K mej w`K:

• digvj ¯‹z‡ji 73% , 64% Ges 55% gv÷vi‡UªBbv‡ii g‡Z cÖwk¶‡Yi me‡P‡q mej w`K wQj h_vµ‡g cÖwk¶Y c×wZ wbe©vPb I †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM, cÖwk¶Y cwi‡ek I e¨e ’vcbv Ges welqe ‘ wbe©vPb I Z‡_¨i Dc ’vcbv| Ab¨w`‡K, bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji 50% gv÷vi †UªBbvi cÖwk¶‡Yi mej w`K wn‡m‡e gv`K c~b©evmb †K› ª cwi`k©b Gi K_v e‡j‡Qb|

ye©j w`K:

• bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji 60% Ges digvj ¯‹z‡ji 45%; A_v©r Dfq cwiw ’wZi 52% gv÷vi †UªBbv‡ii g‡Z, cÖwk¶‡Yi me‡P‡q ~e©j w`K wQj Ômgq ^íZvÕ|

6. cÖwk¶Y †_‡K gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i AR©‡bi gvÎv I cÖwk¶‡Yi cÖfve

• digvj I bb-digvj ¯‹zj wbwe©‡k‡l me©vwaK msL¨K A_©vr 43% Ges 19% gv÷vi †UªBbvi cÖwk¶Y †_‡K AR©‡bi gvÎv h_vµ‡g ÔLye ‡ekxÕ Ges Ôcy‡ivcywiÕ e‡j AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb |

• digvj I bb-digvj ¯‹zj wbwe©‡k‡l me©vwaK 38% gv÷vi †UªBbvi Ôe¨w³MZ, cvwievwiK I

mvgvwRK Rxe‡b gv`‡Ki fqvenZv eyS‡Z cvivÕ-‡K cÖwk¶‡Yi me‡P‡q eo cÖfve e‡j AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb|

7. cÖwk¶Y‡K AviI djcÖmy Kivi Rb¨ gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i mycvwik

• cÖwk¶Y djcÖmy Kivi Rb¨ mgq evov‡bvi mycvwi‡ki cvkvcvwk Dfq cwiw ’wZi me©vwaK msL¨K gv÷vi †UªBbv‡ii Kv‡Q cÖvavb¨ †c‡q‡Q h_vµ‡g ev¯—e wfwËK cÖvgvb¨wPÎ cÖ k©b (29%) Ges we‡bv`‡bi e¨e ’v †bqv (19%)|

37

ZvQvov, digvj ¯‹z‡ji 36% Ges 27% gv`K wPwKrmv †K› ª AviI †ekx cwi`k©b Ges gv`Kvkw³i Kzdj, GBPAvBwf msµg‡Yi I welq Aš—f~©w³i civgk© †`b|

• digvj I bb-digvj ¯‹zj wbwe©‡k‡l me©vwaK 24% gv÷vi †UªBbvi -†ivj †c I †Mgm Gi gva¨‡g welqe ‘i Dc ’vcb Kivi civgk© †`b

• digvj I bb-digvj ¯‹zj wbwe©‡k‡l †ewkifvM gv÷vi †UªBbvi (52%) (A_vr© bb-digvj 70% Ges digvj 30%) cÖwk¶‡Yi mgqKvj 5 w`b ch©š— evov‡bvi civgk© †`b|

wcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs

1. wcqvi GWy‡KUi‡`i †kLv‡bvi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welqe¯‘

• M‡elYvi djvdj †_‡K Abygvb Kiv hvq †h, gv÷vi †UªBbviMY gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs †_‡K gv`K wb‡iva wk¶vi Dci †h me welq wek`fv‡e †R‡bwQ‡jb †mme welq wcqvi GWy‡KUi ‡Uªwbs G wcqvi‡`i‡K Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb| Zviv gv`K wb‡iv‡a wcqvi GWy‡Kkb kxl©K Kg †ewk 15 wU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq wcqvi GWy‡KUi‡`i Rvwb‡q‡Qb|

• gv‡bi µgvbymv‡i digvj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji gv÷vi †UªBbvi wbwe©‡k‡l 81% Rxeb `¶Zv,

57% GBPAvBwf msµgY Ges 52% gv`K m¤ú‡K© wcqvi‡`i wkwL‡qwQ‡jb| djvdj ‡_‡K AviI Abygvb Kiv hvq †h, bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji Zzjbvq digvj ¯‹z‡ji gv÷vi †UªBbviMY wZbwU welq ----Ges mswk ó Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi Dci †ewk ¸i“Z¡ w`‡qwQ‡jb|

• djvdj †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i we‡klZ digvj ¯‹z‡ji †ewk msL¨K (55%)

Ôe‡qv-mwÜKvjÕ m¤ú‡K© Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji 30% gv÷vi †UªBbvi ÔRxeb `¶ZvÕ m¤ú‡K© wcqvi GWy‡KUi‡`i AviI Rvbv‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb|

2. wcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs mvgMÖx

• M‡elbvq †`Lv hvq †h, cvqvK&U KZ©„K wcqvi GWy‡KUi‡`i 9 ai‡bi cÖwk¶Y mvgMÖx A_ ©vr †hme cyªwk¶Y mvgMÖx cv‡q± mieivn K‡iwQj †m¸‡jvi meB wcqvi GWy‡KUiMY †c‡qwQj| gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i †`Iqv Z‡_¨i µgvbymv‡i †m¸‡jv n‡jv: ej‡cb, d¬vkKvW©, Wvqix, e¨vM, cÖwk¶Y g¨vby‡qj, c¨vW, eªwkIi, gvK©vi I mvBb‡cb Ges wjd‡jU|

• wcqvi GWy‡KUi‡`i gv`K e¨env‡ii cwiYwZ Z_v gv`K e¨env‡i gvbe‡`‡n wKfv‡e ¶wZMÖ ’ nq

Zvi cÖevn wPÎ mieiv‡ni Rb¨ digvj ¯‹z‡ji me©vwaK 36% Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji me©vwaK 10% gv÷vi †UªBbvi AwfgZ e¨³ K‡i‡Qb|

• ZvQvov bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji me©vwaK 20% gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs K¨vc, wU-kvU©, †MwÄ Ges digvj

¯‹z‡ji me©vwaK 18% gv`K we‡iv ----ax †k vMvb e¨env‡i ˆZix iwOb †cv÷vi mieiv‡ni K_v

38

e‡j‡Qb| Dfq cwiw ’wZi gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i M‡o me©vwaK msL¨K (10%) wcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs PjvKv‡j †cvóvi, †bvUeyK, †cv÷vi ‡ccvi, gvK©vi I Kjg mieiv‡ni mycvwik K‡ib|

3. wcqvi GWy‡KUi Kvh©µ‡gi mwVKZv, myweav I Amyweav Ges Kvh©KvixZv

• digvj ¯‹z‡ji 64% Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji 60%; Dfq cwiw ’wZ wg‡j h_vµ‡g 62% Ges

19% gv÷vi †UªBbvi wcqvi GWy‡KUi c×wZ‡K GKwU ÔmwVKÕ Ges ÔLyeB mwVK Õ e‡j AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb|

• wcqvi GWy‡Kkb c×wZ †Kb mwVK- G cÖm‡½ digvj ¯‹z‡j 55% Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji me©vwaK

30%; Dfq cwiw ’wZi me©vwaK 43% gv÷vi †UªBbvi wcqvi GWy‡Kkb c×wZi myweav wn‡m‡e GwU‡K ÔRoZvgy³ ^Z:ùzZ© wkLb c×wZÕ wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡i‡Qb| ZvQvov Zv‡`i mK‡ji aviYvI BwZevPK|

� GB cØwZi Amyweav wn‡m‡e we‡bv`‡bi my‡hvM Kg, D”P K¬v‡mi wcqviiv wbgœ K¬v‡mi

-wcqvi‡`i gvb‡Z Pvqbv e‡j †Kvb †Kvb gv÷vi †UªBbvi D‡j L K‡i‡Qb| � digvj Ges bb-digvj wbwe©‡k‡l me©vwaK mgvbmsL¨K gv÷vi †UªBbvi (38%) A_ ©vr

77% wcqvi GWy‡Kkb cØwZ ÔLyeB Kvh©KixÕ Ges ÔKvh©KixÕ e‡j AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb|

• gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i 95% Gi AwfgZ n‡jv gv`K wb‡iv‡a wcqvi GWy‡Kkb c×wZ e¨wZZ Ab¨‡Kvb Kvh©Kix cØwZ Zv‡`i Rvbv †bB|

4. wcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs Gi mgqKvj Ges ¸bMZgvb

• AwaKvsk gv÷vi †UªBbvi ( digvj I bb-digvj) A_ ©vr 52% wcqvi GWy‡kUi †Uªwbs Gi mgqKvj evov‡bvi civgk© †`b| Z‡e Zv‡`i e„nr Ask (24%) 2-3 w`b evov‡bvi civgk© †`b|

• wcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs Gi ¸bMZ gvb e„w× K‡í wKQzmsL¨K (30%) cÖwk¶YKv‡j wcqvi -GWy‡KUi‡`i mswk ó g¨vMvwRb mieivn Kiv, cÖwk¶Y g~j¨vqb, QzwUi Av‡M wKsev c‡i †mkb

cwiPvjbv BZ¨vw`i Dci ¸i“Z¡v‡ivc K‡ib|

wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Ukb

1. wK‡kvi wK‡kvix‡`i AskMÖnY

M‡elbvq †`Lv hvq †h, digvj I bb-digvj ¯‹z‡j M‡o 684 Rb wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi mgq

• digvj Ges bb- -digvj ¯‹zj wbwe©‡k‡l 60% gv÷vi †UªBbvi D‡j L K‡ib †h, Zviv wewfbœ wkdU, MÖ“c, †mkb I e¨v‡P Iwi‡q‡›Ukb cÖ vb K‡iwQ‡jb| Z‡e digvj ¯‹z‡j †ekxifvM Iwi‡q‡›Ukb wkdU/†mk‡b (64%) Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji †ewki fvM Iwi‡q‡›Ukb(70%) e¨v‡P AbywôZ n‡qwQj e‡j gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i gZvgZ †_‡K Abygvb Kiv hvq|

39

• me©vwaK msL¨K (86%) wkdU I e¨v‡P 15 Rb K‡i wK‡kvi wK‡kvix Dcw ’wZ wQj |

• digvj ¯‹z‡ji †ewkifvM 63.63% gv÷vi †UªBbvi| Rvbvb †h, Zv‡`i cÖwZôv‡b mKvj, ycyi, I ycy‡ii GKUz ci Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji 80% Rvbv †h, Zv‡`i cªwZôv‡b mKvj, we‡Kj I †kl

wcwiq‡W© Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡qwQj|

• digvj ¯‹z‡ji †ekxi fvM gv÷vi †UªBbv‡ii (55%) g‡Z ¯‹z‡j mgq Abyhvqx w`‡bi 12-1 Uv Ges 1-1:30 Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi DËg mgq| Zv‡`i me©vwaK msL¨K (27%) †deª“qvix I Ryb gv‡m 11 I 12 Uvq Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb Ki‡j fv‡jv nq e‡j Rvwb‡q‡Qb|

• digvj I bb-digvj ¯‹zj wbwe©‡k‡l (digvj 64% Ges bb-digvj 50%) ‡ekxi fvM gv÷vi †UªBbvi 52% Rvwb‡q‡Qb ‡h, cÖwZwU cÖwZôv‡b 7-8 w`b hver Iwi‡q‡›Ukb AbywôZ n†qwQj|

• ‡ekxifvM digvj 73% Ges A‡a©Kvsk bb-digvj ¯‹z‡j (50%) Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi cÖwZ e¨v‡Pi mgqKvj wQj 1N›Uv †_‡K 1:30 wg:| yB N›Uv a‡i Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Abyôv‡bi wb‡ ©kbv _vK‡jI †ewki fvM †¶‡ÎB GB mgqm~wP AbymiY Kiv hvqwb|

2. wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Ukb mn‡hvwMZvi aib

• digvj ¯‹z‡ji 91% Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji 60% gv÷vi †UªBbvi g‡b K‡ib †h, wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi mgq Zviv Zv‡`i wbR wbR cÖwZôvb †_‡K ÔLyeB fv‡jvÕ mnv‡hvwMZv †c‡qwQ‡jb|

• digvj ¯‹zj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji h_vµ‡g 100% Ges 70% gv÷vi †UªBbvi wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvq wk¶K‡`i KvQ †_‡K ÔLyeB fv‡jvÕ mn‡hvwMZv †c‡qwQ‡jb|

• digvj I bb-digvj ¯‹zj wbwe©‡k‡l gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i 86% Rvbvb †h, Zviv cvqvK&U evsjv‡`k †_‡K Ômvwe©K (33%) Ges ÔLye fv‡jvÕ(52%) mn‡hvMxZv †c‡qwQ‡jb|

3. Iwi‡q‡›Ukb mvgMÖx • digvj ¯‹z‡ji 91% bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji 81% gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i †`Iqv Z_¨ †_‡K Rvbv hvq †h,

wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡b wcqviiv eª“wkIi, wiwWs g¨v‡Uwiqvj, Wvqix, c¨vW, †bgKvW©, Kjg, e¨vM Kjg, mvBb †cb BZ¨vw` A_ ©vr cv‡qK&U evsjv‡`k †_‡K mieivnK…Z mKj mvgMªx †c‡qwQ†jb| Z‡e mv¶vr`vZv gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i me©vwaK GK-Z…Zxqvsk (33%) wcqvi‡`i AviI ej‡cb, mvBb‡cb, gvK©vi mieivnmn G¸‡jvi ¸YMZgvb Dbœqb Ges DbœZgv‡bi e¨vM †`Iqvi civgk© †`b|

40

4. wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi gvb I wcqvi‡`i Drmvn • digvj I bb-digvj wbwe©‡k‡l gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i 62% g‡b K‡ib †h, Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi gvb ÔLye

fv‡jvÕ (33%) Ges Ôfv‡jvÕ (29%) wQj| • digvj (29%) I bb-digvj ¯‹zj wbwe©‡k‡l 100% wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡b wcqvi‡`i Drmv‡ni gvÎv

wQj AZ¨vwaK|

5. Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi Kvh©KvixZv

bb-digvj I digvj ¯‹z‡ji (50%) gv÷vi ‡UªBbv†ii g‡Z, gv`K wb‡iv†a wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Ôh‡_ó Kvh©KiÕ (48%) wQj| ZvQvov, digvj I bb-digvj ¯‹zj wbwe©‡k‡l 19% GB gvb Ôcy‡ivcywi Kvh©KiÕ wQj e‡j g‡b K‡ib|

• gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i 91% g‡b K‡ib †h, wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡`i gv`K cÖwZ‡iv‡a DØy× Kivi Rb¨ Kvh©Kvi eZ©gvb wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Kvh©µg e¨ZxZ AwaKZi c×wZ m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i Rvbv †bB| digvj ¯‹z‡ji †ewkifvM (55%) Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji 50% eZ©gvb c×wZ‡K ÔAwaKZi Kvh©KixÕ c×wZ e‡j g‡b K‡ib|

6. wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi d‡j wK‡kvi wK‡kvix‡`i gv‡S cwieZ©b • 100% gv÷vi †UªBbvi Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi ci wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡`i gv‡S BwZevPK cwieZ©‡bi BswMZ

†`b|bb-digvj I digvj ¯‹z‡ji h_vµ‡g 40% Ges 27% gv÷vi †UªBbvi Rvbvvb †h, wcqviiv GLb Zv‡`i cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i aygcvb Qvo‡Z Aby‡iva Ki‡Q| digvj ¯‹z‡ji 36% Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji 20% Rvbvb †h, aygcvqx wcqviiv aygcvb †Q‡o w`‡q‡Q|

7. bZzb cÖR‡b¥i †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i gv`K m¤ú‡K© Rvbv‡bvi cwiKíbv

• digvj ¯‹z‡ji 90% Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji 80% gv÷vi †UªBbvi Rvbvb †h, bZzb cÖR‡b¥i †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i‡K gv`K m¯ú‡K© Rvbv‡bvi Rb¨ Zv‡`i wbR ^ cwiKíbv i‡q‡Q |

8. wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Ukb AviI Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ mycvwik

• Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi mgq evov‡bv • QvÎ wk¶K m¤ú‡K©i e¨eavb Kgv‡bv

41

mycvwik

M‡elYvi djvd‡ji Av‡jv‡K ejv hvq †h, cvqvK&U evsjv‡`k KZ©„K cwiPvwjZ gv`K wb‡iva wk¶vi AvIZvq gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs Kvh©µg mwVKfv‡e AbywôZ n‡qwQj| GB cÖwµqvi Aš—f©y³ wcqvi GWy‡KUi Ges wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Kvh©µgI mwVKfv‡e AbywôZ n‡qwQj e‡j cÖZxqgvb nq| GB cy‡iv cÖwµqvi g‡a¨ mvwe©Kfv‡e †Kvb ΓwU j¶¨ Kiv hvqwb| Z‡e Abygvb Kiv hvq †h, GB cÖwµqvi †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î wKQzUv cwieZ©b I cwiea©‡bi gva¨‡g cy‡iv Kvh©µg AviI djcÖmy Kiv hvq| †mRb¨ wb‡gœ wKQz mycvwik cÖ vb Kiv n‡jv:

• fwel¨Z gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs G welqe ‘ wn‡m‡e Ôgv`Kvm‡³i wPwKrmvÕmn digvj Ges bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i ÔGBPAvBwf Kxfv‡e QovqÕ, Gi BwZnvm, ¶wZKi w`K I wPwKrmv m¤ú‡K© AviI aviYv †`Iqv †h‡Z cv‡i|

• d¬vkKv‡W© ewY©Z ms‡e`bkxj welq AviI mvewjjfv‡e Dc ’vcb Kiv `iKvi| ZvQvov, d¬vkKv‡W©i AvKvi AviI eo I Qwe ¯úó nIqv evÂbxq| Qwei mv‡_ wgj †i‡L Z‡_¨i Dc ’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|

• gv`K, GBPAvBwf/GBWm Ges Rxeb `¶Zv m¤ú‡K© cÖwk¶Y g¨vby‡q‡j bZzb Z_¨ Aš—f©yw³ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

• gv÷vi †Uªwbs PjvKv‡j gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i AviI †cv÷vi †ccvi, mvBb †cb, ej‡cb, DbœZgv‡bi e¨vM Ges gv`‡Ki Dci cÖKvwkZ mvgwqKx mieivn Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

• gv÷vi †UªBbvi †Uªwbs Gi mgqKvj 3 w`b †_‡K 5 w`b ch©š— DbœxZ Kiv hvq| • mKj ¯—‡ii AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©‡bi Rb¨ †mk‡b e¨env‡ii Rb¨ gv`K e¨env‡ii

-d‡j gvbe†`n wKfv‡e ¶wZMÖ ’ nq Zvi cÖevnwPÎ cÖ k©b Ges gv`K we‡ivax †k vMvbmn iwOb †cv÷vi mieivn Kiv ‡h‡Z cv‡i|

wcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs

• bb-digvj ¯‹z‡ji gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i gv`K wb‡iva wk¶vi wZbwU g~j welq h_v gv`K, -GBPAvBwf/GBWm, Rxeb `¶Zv Ges GZØmswk ó welq¸‡jv AviI ¸i“Z¡ mnKv‡i wcqvi

GWy‡KUi‡`i †kLv‡bvi Rb¨ civgk© †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i| • we‡klZ: digvj ¯‹z‡j wcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs G wcqvi GWy‡KUi‡`i e‡qv:mwÜKvj m¤ú‡K©

mvewjjfv‡e Ges bb-digvj ¯‹ y‡j Rxeb Ô`¶ZvÕ m¤ú‡K© AviI GKUz aviYv †`Iqvi Rb¨ gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i civgk© †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i|

• ZvQvov, we‡kl K‡i wcqvi‡`i Lykx ivLv I wcqvi‡`i g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©‡Yi Rb¨ wcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs †mk‡b AwZwi³ †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvb m¤úbœ gvK©vi, Kjg I e¨vM mieivn Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

• wcqvi GWy‡KUi †Uªwbs Gi ¸YMZgvb e„w×K‡í wb‡gœi c`‡¶c¸‡jv †bqv †h‡Z cv‡i: � cÖwk¶‡Yi mgqKvj 2-3 w`b e„w× Kiv � -wcqvi GWy‡KUi‡`i mswk ó wel‡qi Dci cÖKvwkZ g¨vMvwRb mieivn Kiv � cÖwk¶‡Yi c~‡e© I c‡i g~j¨vq‡bi e¨e ’v Kiv

42

wcqvi Iwi‡q‡›Ukb

• digvj ¯‹z‡j 12 Uv †_‡K 1:30 Uvi g‡a¨ Ges we‡kl K‡i †deª“qvix I Ryb gv‡m h_vµ‡g mKvj 11 I ycyi 12 Uvq Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Abyôvb Av‡qvRb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

• cÖwZôvb ch©v‡q cÖwZ e¨v†P 2 N›Uv K‡i Iwi‡q‡›Ukb AbywôZ n‡”Q wK-bv Zv cvqvK&U evsjv‡`k‡K wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

• QvÎ-wk¶K m¤ú‡K©i e¨eavb Kwg‡q AviI wKfv‡e wbweo I A_©en Kiv hvq †mRb¨ gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡`i gv÷vi †Uªwbs ch©v‡q AewnZ Kiv `iKvi|

M‡elYv †_‡K wk¶Yxq welq:

• gv`K wb‡iva wk¶vi †¶‡Î wcqvi GWy‡Kkb c×wZ GKwU mwVK I Kvh©Kix c×wZ wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡q‡Q|

• digvj I bb-digvj ¯‹z‡j gv`K wb‡iva wk¶vi Dci Iwi‡q‡›Uk‡bi d‡j wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡`i AvPiY I „wóf½xi A‡bK cwieZ©b N‡U‡Q|

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