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An Equal Opportunity University
Keeping the Bin-Bursting Grain in Good Condition
Sam McNeill
Extension Agricultural Engineer
UKREC – Princeton, KY
270-365-7541 x 213
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.bae.uky.edu
Soybean ground pile?!
Got Storage ?!
Stored Grain Management• Sanitation• Bin Loading practices• Aeration• Safe Monitoring• Web sites for other information
Sanitation
Equipment• Combine(s)• Carts/truck beds• Handling equipment• Dryers• Bins
Sanitation
Outside the bins• Remove spilled grain• Mow weeds to reduce rodent activity
Sanitation
Inspect bins• Look for daylight shining through holes
in roof and walls• Seal bottom ring to prevent air leaks• Repair as needed
S.L.A.M.
Stored Grain Management• Sanitation• Bin Loading practices• Aeration• Safe Monitoring• Web sites for other information
Bin Loading
Don’t overfill the bin
BAE
Bin Loading
Manage trash and fines Control grain damage by
combine Run augers full and ASAP Clean grain before storage Use a spreader to fill the bin Core the bin to remove
fines/trash from the center
BAE
Manage Trash and Fines
BAE
Core after Filling to Remove BCFM
BAE
Moisture Migration in Winter
65OF 45OF
BAE
Grain Spoilage from Moisture Migration
Uniform Temperature Prevents
moisture migration
Preserves product quality
S.L.A.M.
Stored Grain Management• Sanitation• Bin Loading practices• Aeration• Safe Monitoring• Web sites for other information
BAE
30
40
50
60
70
80
J A S O N D J F M A M J J
Month
Tem
pera
ture
, FStored Grain Temperatures in KY
BAE
Aeration Cooling Cycle
BAE
Estimated Time for Aeration Cycles (Hours)
Cfm/bu Fall Winter Spring
1/10 150 200 120 C
¼ 60 80 48 C
½ 30 40 24 C
¾ 20 27 16 I
1.0 15 20 12 I
hp /10 kbu
1 hp
10 hp
5 hp
BAE
Cost of One Aeration CycleExample for 10 kbu bin @ 10¢/kwh
FanHp
Hours Cost$
Cost¢/bu
1 200 20.00 0.20
5 40 20.00 0.20
10 20 20.00 0.20
BAE
Typical 5 Day Forecast in January
Source: wpsdtv.com
Avg.
Hi: 46
Lo: 33
5d: 40
BAE
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
1/18 1/19 1/20 1/21 1/22
Date
Hourly Temperatures for Princeton, KY
2630 14.5
Total fan hours = 70.5
BAE
Off-the-shelf Fan Control with Thermostats
HOUR METER
HEATINGTHERMOSTAT
COOLINGTHERMOSTAT
FAN
RELAY
Sept. 55 - 65Oct. 45 - 55Nov. 35 - 45
BAE
Commercial Fan Controllers
opistormax.com
agsense.net
agridryllc.com
23
Carol Jones, PhD.Stored Product EngineeringBiosystems and Ag. Engr. Dept.Stillwater, OK
RH and Temp Controllers
Partial list of vendors–OPI–The Boone Group–AgriDry Rimik–GSI–Caldwell/Chief-Agri
UMN Fan Programwebapps.bbe.umn.edu/fans/
• What do you need to know?– Bin
• Diameter, height and type of floor
– Desired airflow (cfm/bu)– Grain type– Fan (s)
• Motor size and fan type…select from 200+ fans• Specify fan arrangement
• What does the program generate?– Bushels, airflow, and static pressure at 3-ft
increments– Table or graph form(s)
Fan Performance (CFM vs SP)
webapps.bbe.umn.edu/fans/
Depth Bushels Airflowcfm
Airflowcfm/bu
S. P. in H2O
3 4343 34,670 8.0 0.86 8686 33,370 3.8 1.59 13,030 32,270 2.5 2.1
12 17,370 31,180 1.8 2.715 21,715 30,160 1.4 3.218 26,060 29,180 1.1 3.721 30,400 28,230 0.9 4.124 37,445 27,180 0.8 4.427 39,090 26,220 0.7 4.730 43,430 25,360 0.6 5.033 46,770 24,760 0.5 5.3
webapps.bbe.umn.edu/fans/
S.L.A.M.
Stored Grain Management• Sanitation• Bin Loading practices• Aeration• Safe Monitoring• Web sites for other information
BAE
How often should I check my grain?
BAE
Temperature Cable System
1. Thermocouple sensor cables
2. Cable suspension system
3. Leadwire extension
4. Readout plug5. Display
instrument
DABC
A
DC
B
BAE
Automated Insect Monitoring
www.opistormax.com
BAE
Automated Insect Monitoring
34
OPIGIMAC Temperature and Insect Monitoring, Aeration Fan Control System
BAE
Equilibrium Moisture Conditions for Corn
Temperature C F 40 50 60 65 70 80 902 35 11.8 13.3 14.8 15.7 16.6 18.7 21.74 40 11.5 12.9 14.5 15.3 16.2 18.3 21.3
10 50 10.9 12.3 13.8 14.7 15.5 17.6 20.516 60 10.3 11.8 13.3 14.1 15.0 17.0 19.9
Source: ASAE Data D245.4 / Average of two Prediction Eqns.
Relative Humidity, %
36
Carol Jones, PhD.Stored Product EngineeringBiosystems and Ag. Engr. Dept.Stillwater, OK
Monitoring Systems
•Manual Readout and log book
•Data Logger with manual plug in to thermocouples
•Computer interfaced automatic monitoring
Least expensive
Most expensive
37
Carol Jones, PhD.Stored Product EngineeringBiosystems and Ag. Engr. Dept.Stillwater, OK
Cost Estimates
•Aeration System: 6.0 – 12.0 ¢/bu•Controller:0.3 – 1.0 ¢/bu•Temperature Cables:0.3 – 1.0 ¢/bu
BAE
When Inspecting Stored Grain Always Work in Pairs !
BAE
Grain Inspection Tools
1. PPE – harness / dust masks
2. Bucket / plastic bags
3. Thermometer
4. Grain probe
5. Portable moisture meter
6. Psychrometer
BAE
Bin Rescue in Spring 2005
Resources
1. Midwest Plan Servicewww.mwps.org
2. Agricultural Engineering Departments in Midwest…at UK www.bae.uky.edu
3. GEAPSwww.geaps.org
4. USDA Grain Lab in KSwww.ars.usda.gov
5. GrainNetwww.grainnet.com
Questions?
Thanks for your attention…
What is REAP / GOAP?
• The Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) is offered through the USDA Rural Development
• The Kentucky Ag Development Fund provided money for state projects
• Provides assistance to agricultural and rural small businesses for energy efficiency improvements or renewable energy installations
Past Projects—Example 1
• Grain Dryer Controller upgrade– $3,078 per year
savings– 14.0 year payback
• Controller upgrades typically yield better paybacks due to lower initial cost and high price of over drying grain
Past Projects—Example 2
• Grain Dryer Replacement of old dryer with new energy efficiency model– $1,431 per year savings– 20.2 year payback
Old Dryer
New Dryer