An Amazonian Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) for observation and
understanding of the role of the tropical Amazonian ecosystem under
climate change conditions Jrgen Kesselmeier, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany XXIII SSC Meeting Alter do Chao- PA
March 21-21. 2009 Slide 2 OBJECTIVE To obtain reliable estimates of
sources and sinks for the greenhouse gases CO 2, CH 4 and N 2 O as
well as reactive trace gases and aerosol formation. An Amazonian
Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) for observation and understanding of
the role of the tropical Amazonian ecosystem under climate change
conditions Slide 3 Changes in forest cover and carbon storage
indicate hotspots: Tropical forest ecosystems Distribution of
global forests (http://www.unep-wcmc.org/forest/original.htm) and
carbon cycle hotspots (Heimann, M.; MPI-BG, Jena), NEESPI Summit,
Helsinki, Finland May 3-4, 2007) Slide 4 AMAZONIA AS A HOTSPOT
CARBON SINK/SOURCE (Vegetation, soils) HYDROLOGY (Evaporation,
Rainfall, Rivers) ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY (Oxidative capacity)
ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS (Aerosols, clouds, surface energy budget) It is
evident that ATTO will sail under the LBA flag. Slide 5 Visit of
State Secretary Meyer-Krahmer, November 2007 Slide 6 HISTORY 14.
January 2008 DRAFT IDEA submitted to State Secretary Prof. F.
Meyer-Krahmer 21. May 2008 PROPOSAL ATTO submitted to BMBF. 15.
November 2008 First ATTO Workshop at the Universidade do Estado do
Amazonas (UEA), Manaus 20. November 2008 Science Plan An Amazonian
Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) for observation and understanding of
the role of the tropical Amazonian ecosystem under climate change
conditions Draft to BMBF. 21.-22. January 2009 Final Science Plan
writing at the MCT in Brasilia 22. January 2009 Final Science Plan
submitted to MCT State Secretary Luiz Antonio Barreto de Castro 23.
January 2009 Final Science Plan submitted to BMBF 25. January 2009
Science Plan Summary submitted to BMBF 27. January 2009 Comments
Cost distributions submitted to BMBF 13. February 2009 Comments
Basic Financial Cost Covering after 5 years submitted to BMBF 12.
March 2009 Memorandum of Understanding signed by Ministers Schavan
and Rezende Slide 7 The present proposal includes four small
satellite towers (of about 70 m agl) to be placed around the ATTO
(see figure below). Slide 8 ATTO GOALS I. -To observe and
interprete the relationships between climate, atmospheric chemistry
and ecosystems during a period of rapid regional and global change
by measurements outside the surface layer. -- To observe
continuously anthropogenic and biogenic greenhouse gases in the
lower troposphere within and outside the planetary boundary layer
to contribute to the use of inverse methods to derive continental
sources and sink strengths and their changes over time fostering
our understanding of natural and anthropogenic effects on the
atmosphere and climate. - To measure continuously trace gases and
aerosols for improvement of our understanding atmospheric chemistry
and physics and further allow a continuous assessment of land use
change and its effect on the atmosphere and climate. Slide 9 ATTO
GOALS II. - To determine the concentrations, sinks and sources of
radiative greenhouse gases - To assess turbulence and transport
processes in the atmospheric boundary layer - To estimate
biosphere-atmosphere carbon exchange rates Slide 10 ATTO GOALS III.
To determine vertical trace compound profiles allowing estimations
of sources and sinks at the surface. -To develop and validate
dynamic vegetation models, atmospheric boundary layer models and
inverse models for description of heat, moisture, aerosol and trace
gas fluxes - To evaluate satellite estimates of greenhouse gases,
temperature and humidity profiles Slide 11 Potential ATTO Partners,
Express of interests MPIC, Mainz, GermanyCO, nitrogen oxides, VOCs,
oxidative reactivity, nocturnal residual boundary layer; vegetation
classification of footprint; MPIBG, Jena, Germany greenhouse gas
measurements, CO2, CH4, N2O, isotopes, LIDAR, inverse modeling
MPIM, Hamburg, GermanyClimate modeling, hydrological cycle, land
use change, cloud formation, large scale atmospheric flow ;
boundary layer profiles of water, temperature and humidity IFT,
Leipzig, Germanyaerosol sampling at 300 m; size distribution,
optical measurements University, Helsinki, FinlandBoundary layer
processes Wageningen University, Netherlandsland atmosphere
interaction, nocturnal processes, boundary layer - trace gas
exchange; upscaling, modeling Harvard University, USA CO2 cycling,
modeling, aerosol properties, transformation UEA, Manaus,
Brazilwater vapor, metorology, CCN, aerosols, cloud properties, UAV
measurements INPA, Manaus, Brazil transport processes, biomass,
vegetation classification, biogeochemistry, plant physiology USP,
Sao Paulo, Brazil aerosols, CCN, aerosol mass INPE, Sao Jose dos
Campos, Brazilturbulence processes, roughness layer, gravity waves,
stable boundary layer UFSM, Santa Maria-RS, Brazil turbulence
exchange processes, mesoscale processes Slide 12 There was
agreement between MCT and BMBF within a Memorandum of Understanding
(MOU) signed by the two ministers on 12. March 2009 in Sao Paulo to
finance 8. 4 Million Euros (10 Million US$). The costs will be
distributed equally between the two countries. BUDGET Slide 13
Slide 14 Milestones 20092010 123456789101112123456789101112 Site
selection Road access Power line Tower foundations Tower
construction Equipment acquisition Tower equipment Start of
measurements black boxes = proposed working time according to
season grey boxes = variable working time depending on seasonal
conditions Slide 15 How to continue? Foundation of an ATTO Office
Brazilian and German representatives jointly cooperating Launching
a special department within INPA/LBA for example could be a
solution to deal with the additional work. German collaborators
might be embedded as deputies and the INPA-LBA-Head might delegate
functions and rights to these representatives. Slide 16 How to
continue? Identification of an ATTO site Science, Access,
Electricity, Safety Site identification team Antonio Manzi
(INPA-LBA) Jose Galcio Campos (INPA-LBA) Alessandro Araujo
(INPA-LBA) Rosa Maria Nascimento dos Santos (UEA) Jochen Schoengart
(INPA-Max-Planck) Slide 17 How to continue? Identification of an
ATTO site Two proposals yet: 1) Rebio de Uatuma (Federal
Conservation Unit) North East of Balbina This type of federal
reservation unit might produce some problems. An access road from
Balbina village in northeast direction must be constructed. Does
this type of Conservation Unit permits a road construction? 2)
Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentvel Uatuma (State's Conservation
Unit) South East of Balbina; South East of PDS Morena Responsible
institution: Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Sustentvel (SDS); Centro
Estadual de Unidades de Conservao (CEUC/SDS). Slide 18 How to
continue? Identification of an ATTO site MEETING on 16. March at
INPA, Manaus Antonio Manzi (INPA-LBA) Jose Galcio Campos (INPA-LBA)
Alessandro Araujo (INPA-LBA) Rosa Maria Nascimento dos Santos (UEA)
Domingos Macedo (CEUC/SDS) Jochen Schoengart (INPA-Max-Planck)
Juergen Kesselmeier (Max-Planck) Slide 19 CLAIRE TOWER Slide 20
BELA VISTA ATTO ? PDS MORENA 20 25 km Slide 21 How to continue?
Identification of an ATTO site Reserva de Desenvolvimento
Sustentvel Uatuma Area: 424.430 ha, Terra firme Access via Ramal
Morena (Dirt Road) and River Uatum (Boat) Access via a new road to
be built together with the power line Travel time from Manaus: 6
hours Supported by SDS Power line with 350 KWh will be available at
PDS Morena (CLAIRE 2010) Road construction from PDS Morena should
be possible Road construction from Bela Vista would also be
possible but might cause an uncontrolled access. NDIA CRISTINA
DVILA FERREIRA (Secretria de Estado do Meio Ambiente e
Desenvolvimento Sustentvel) phoned Antonio Manzi and let us know
that she supports any site within SDS releated areas! Slide 22 How
to continue? Foundation of a construction office/department
Proposal: Construction planning to be arranged with the
Construction Unit of the Max Planck Society, Munich. They are
experienced due to the existing Siberian tower. The Max Planck
construction unit will closely cooperate with the Brazilian side
supported by a professional Brazilian construction company.
Principal is INPA, Brazil. Slide 23 Acknowledegments Slide 24 Visit
of State Secretary Meyer-Krahmer, November 2007 Slide 25
Acknowledgements (I apologize for not being able to list the names
of all contributing colleagues, but here are the most important
ones) State Secretary Frieder Meyer-Krahmer (BMBF, Germany) State
Secretary Luiz Antonio Barreto de Castro (MCT, Brazil) Ricardo
Melamed (MCT, Brazil) Adalberto Val (INPA, Manaus) Antonio Manzi
(INPA, Manaus) Marilene Corra da Silva Freitas (UEA, Manaus)
Meinrat O. Andreae (MPIC, Mainz) Jochen Schngart and Florian
Wittmann (INPA/Max Planck, Manaus)
