An Age of Democracy and Progress

(1815 – 1914)

World History 9 – Green

Chapter 10

I. Democratic Reform and ActivismA. Britain Enacts Reforms

1. British Parliamenta. House of Lordsb. House of Commons

2. Reform Bill of 1832a. Suffrage: the right to voteb. Reform representation to aid industrial cities

3. Chartist Movementa. Chartist Movement: in 19th-century Britain, member

of the working class demanded reforms in Parliament and in elections, including suffrage for all menb. Rejected by Parliamentc. Slowly over time except annual elections

4. The Victorian Agea. Queen Victoria: queen of England for 64 yearsb. Height of England’s wealth and powerc. Less powerful role for the monarchy

B. Women See the Right to Vote1. No country allowed women to vote2. Reform societies3. Militant protests

a. Emmeline Pankhurstb. Arrest and imprisoned

4. No success until after WWIC. France and Democracy

1. The Third Republic: the republic that was established in France after the downfall of Napoleon III and ended with the German occupation of France during World War II2. The Dreyfus Affair: a controversy in France in the 1890s,

centering on the trial and imprisonment of a Jewish army officer, Captain Alfred Dreyfus, who, because of widespread anti-Semitism, had

been falsely accused of selling military secrets to Germany3. Anti-Semitism: a prejudice against Jews

a. Public opinion dividedb. Emile Zola

4. Zionism: a movement founded in the 1890s to promote Jewish self-

determination and the establishment of a Jewish state in the ancient

Jewish homelanda. Theodor Herzl

II. Self-Rule for British ColoniesA. Canada Struggles for Self-Rule

1. Originally French2. French and Indian War3. Conflict of religions4. Division into Upper & Lower5. Durham Report

a. Reuniteb. Encourage immigration

6. Dominion: in the British Empire, a nation allowed to govern its own domestic affairs7. Westward

B. Australia and New Zealand1. James Cook2. Maori: a member of a Polynesian people who settled in New Zealand around 800AD3. Aborigines: members of any of the native peoples of Australia

4. Penal Colony: a colony to which convicts are sent as an alternative

to prison5. Free settlers6. Increased tensions

C. Irish Win Home Rule1. Great Famine

a. Potatob. Immigrate

2. Home Rule: a control over internal matters granted to the residents

of a region by a ruling government3. Religions4. Irish Republican Army: an unofficial nationalist military force seeking independence for Ireland from Great Britain5. Division

III. War and Expansion in the United StatesA. Americans Move West

1. Louisiana Purchase2. Manifest Destiny: the idea, popular among mid-19th-century Americans, that it was the right and duty of the US to rule North America from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean3. Indian Removal Act of 1830 (Trail of Tears)4. Texas Joins5. War with Mexico

B. Civil War Tests Democracy1. North and South

a. Economicsb. Labor

2. Abraham Lincoln: election as President cause move to wara. Secede: to withdraw formally from an association or

allianceb. U.S. Civil War: not – War for Southern Independencec. Emancipation Proclamation: a declaration issued by

U.S. President Lincoln in 1863 stating that all slaves in the Confederate states were free (sort of but may be not)

*None*Political to keep Europe from aiding the South

3. Reconstructiona. Military lawb. Punish the Southc. Segregation: the legal or social separation of people of different races

C. The Postwar Economy1. War speeded industrialization2. Recession after war3. Renewed expansion through immigration4. Expansion of railroads west aided settlement

IV. Nineteenth-Century ProgressA. Inventions Make Life Easier

1. Edison2. Bell and Marconi (not)3. Ford

a. Assembly Line: in a factory, an arrangement in which a product is moved from worker to worker with each

person performing a single task in its manufactureb. Affordable autos

4. Wright BrothersB. New Ideas in Medicine

1. Louis Pasteur2. Joseph Lister3. Sanitation4. Vaccines/cures

C. New Ideas in Science1. Charles Darwin: naturalist who attempted to answer the

question of why such a wide variety of plants and animals2. H.M.S. Beagle3. On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection: book

a. Survival of the fittest or best adapted to the environmentb. Theory of Evolution: arise by means of natural

selection

4. Mendel and Genetics5. Chemistry and Physics

a. John Dalton and atomsb. Dmitri Mendeleev chart of elementsc. Marie and Pierre Curied. Radioactivity: a form of energy released as atoms

decaye. Rutherford, Planck, Bohr, Einstein

D. Social Sciences Explore Behavior1. Psychology: the study of the human mind and human behavior

a. Ivan Pavlovb. Sigmund Freud

2. Challenged the fundamental idea of the Enlightenment – reasonE. Rise of Mass Culture

1. Mass Culture: the production of works of art and entertainment designed to appeal to a large audience2. Music halls, vaudeville, and movies3. Sports entertain millions