AMX International AMX

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AMX International AMX

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AMX

Role Ground-attack aircraft

National origin ItalyandBrazil

Manufacturer AMX International

First flight 15 May 1984

Introduction 1989

Status Active service

Primary users Italian Air Force

Brazilian Air Force

Produced 19861999

Number built ~ 200

The AMX International AMXis aground-attack aircraftfor battlefield interdiction,close air supportandreconnaissancemissions. It was built until 1999 byAMX

International,an Italian-Brazilian joint venture. The AMX is designated A-1by theBrazilian Air Force,and A-11 Ghibliby theItalian Air Force.
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The AMX is capable of operating at highsubsonicspeed and low altitude, by day ornight, and if necessary, from bases with poorly equipped or damagedrunways.LowIRsignature and reducedradarequivalent cross-section help prevent detection, while lowvulnerability of structure and systems aid survivability, while integratedECM,air-to-airmissilesand nose-mounted guns provide self-defence capabilities.

Contents

[hide]

1 Development

2 Design 3 Operational history 4 Variants

5 Operators

6 Specifications (AMX)

7 See also 8 References

9 External links

Development[edit]

In early 1977, theItalian Air Forceissued a requirement for 187 new-buildstrikefighters,which were to replace its existingAeritalia G.91in theclose air supportandreconnaissancemissions, as well as theF-104 Starfighterbeing used for theinterdictionrole and for tactical duties.[1]Rather than competing for the contract,Aeritalia(nowAlenia Aeronautica)andAermacchiagreed to make a joint proposal, as both firms had

been considering the development of a similar class of aircraft for some years.Aermacchi had worked on a design study for a light ground attack aircraft, designated

MB-340, during the early 1970s. Development work on the joint venture began in April1978.[2]The detailed definition phase of the project was completed in March 1980.[1]

A-1A of Brazilian Air Force

During 1980, the Brazilian government announced that they intended to participate inthe program. In July 1981, the Italian and Brazilian governments agreed on jointrequirements for the aircraft, andEmbraerwas invited to join the industrial

partnership.[2]An agreement was also struck to divide AMX manufacturing between thepartners; for each production aircraft, Aeritalia manufactured 46.5% of the components,Aermacci produced 22.8%, and Embraer performed 29.7% of the work..[1]There was noduplication of work, each component of the aircraft was built at one source only. The

planned requirements were 187 aircraft for Italy and 100 for Brazil.[3]
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X_International_A-1A_-_Lofting.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FAB_AMX_International_A-1A_-_Lofting.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FAB_AMX_International_A-1A_-_Lofting.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FAB_AMX_International_A-1A_-_Lofting.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-warwick_p1544-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-bomber_289-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-Braybrook_p267-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embraerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-bomber_289-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-Braybrook_p267-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aermacchihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alenia_Aeronauticahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeritaliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-bomber_289-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interdictionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-104_Starfighterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconnaissancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close_air_supporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeritalia_G.91http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strike_fighterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strike_fighterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Air_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AMX_International_AMX&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#Specifications_.28AMX.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#Operatorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#Variantshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#Operational_historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#Designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#Developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air-to-air_missilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air-to-air_missilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_countermeasureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraredhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsonic_flight


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A total of seven flight-capable prototypes were produced for the test program, three byAeritalia, two by Aermacchi, and two by Embraer, as well as two static airframes. Thefirst prototype, assembled in Italy, made its maiden flight on 15 May 1984. This firstaircraft was lost on its fifth flight in an accident, resulting in the death of its pilot.[4]Aside from this early loss, testing progressed smoothly and without further incident .[5]

The first Brazillian-assembled prototype made its first flight on 16 October 1985. On 11May 1988, the first production aircraft performed its first flight.[6]Deliveries of

production aircraft to Italy began in 1988,[4]the first examples were delivered to theBrazilian Air Forceduring the following year.[7]On 14 March 1990s, the prototype two-seat AMX made its first flight.[6]

Design[edit]

An AMX at RIAT 2008

The AMX has a conventional shoulder-wingedmonoplane.It is composed primarily outof aluminium and manufactured using traditional construction methods, however

elements such as the tail fin andelevatorsusecarbon fibrecomposite materials.[1]Thewing is fitted with bothleading edge slatsand trailing edgeflapsand overwingspoilersahead of the flaps. The spoilers can function as airbrakes and to negate lift; improvingtake-off and landing performance as well as manoeuvrability during flight. .[8]A hybridflight control system is fitted, with spoilers, rudder and variable incidence tailplaneoperated by afly-by-wiresystem, while theaileronsand elevators are operatedhydraulically. Manual reversion is provided for the ailerons, elevator and rudder toallow the aircraft to be flown even in the event of complete hydraulic failure.[9][10]

ARolls-Royce Speyturbofanengine powers the AMX. During the aircraft'sdevelopment, the Spey was heavier and less modern than some of the available

alternatives, however it was considered to be reliable, relatively cheap and was free ofexport restrictions that would be imposed by using American engines.[3][11]The Speyengine also enabled for the use of a simplified round-lipped inlet design. The rearfuselage is detachable in order to gain access to the engine. Separate consortiums in

both Brazil and Italy manufactured the Spey for the AMX.[8]Unusual for a strikeaircraft of the era, no attempt was made to develop the aircraft to fly at supersonicspeeds.[1]
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An AMX and several munitions on display at theParis Air Show,1989

Brazilian and Italian aircraft differ considerably in their avionics. AMXs in Brazilianservice are often fitted with one of threepallet-mounted sensor packages, which containvarious vertical, oblique, and forward-facing cameras.[6]A simple ranging radar isequipped for targeting purposes, however the specific radar also differs between bothoperators.[8]The flight system employs aGE Avionicsflight control computer.[12]

Extensiveelectronic countermeasure(ECM) are fitted to protect the aircraft, includepassive receiver antenna on the tailfin and an active jammer pod that is typicallymounted on one of the aircraft'shardpoints.[8]

Various munitions could be mounted on the one centerline and four underwinghardpoints, including bombs, missiles and rockets. All four of the underwing hardpointsare plumbed fordrop tanksto extend the aircraft's range, Italian aircraft are also fittedwith a fixedaerial refuelingprobe.[8]Optical reconnaissance pods can be carriedexternally on the centerline hardpoint.[6]Wingtip rails are provided for infra-red guidedair-to-air missilessuch as theAIM-9 SidewinderandMAA-1 Piranha.Italian aircraftare fitted with aM61 Vulcan20 mmrotary cannonon the port side of the lowerfuselage. The United States denied the sale of the M61 to Brazil, thus its AMXs areinstead fitted with two 30 mmDEFA 554revolver cannons.[9][13]

Operational history[edit]

Italian AMX atRAF Fairford,England,1998

The first operational squadron of the Italian air force, the 103 Gruppoof 51 Stormoformed in November 1989,[14]with the first Italian unit also forming in 1989.[15]Boththe Italian and Brazilian AMX fleets were grounded in February 1992, following thecrash of an Italian AMX due to engine failure. Operations were allowed to restart inMay that year, following modification of the engines.[16][17]
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Italy assigned six AMXs from 103 Gruppoto operations overBosniain 1995 as part ofOperation Deny Flight,which was followed by a similar deployment in support of theIFORpeacekeepers in Bosnia. This deployment was interrupted by another grounding,again due to engine failure, between January and March 1996.[18]Italian AMX aircraftwere used in 1999 in theKosovo war.Instead of using unguided or more traditional

laser-guided bombs,the Italian Air Force used dozens ofMk 82bombs fitted withOpherIsraeli guidance kits, effectively converting the "dumb" bombs into aninfrared-guided bomb.[19]

In the late 1990s, AMX International was considering a major engine refit, a non-afterburningvariant of theEurojet EJ200was proposed, having considerably morethrust than the existing powerplant.[20]In 2005, the Italian Air Force launched anupgrade programme (ACOLAggionamento Capacit Operative e LogisticheOperational and Logistical Capability Upgrade) for 55 of its AMXs,[21]adding a newlaser INS,new cockpit displays and allowing the aircraft to dropJoint Direct AttackMunitionguided bombs.[22]In August 2007, Embraer began a major midlife upgrade

programme and modernisation of 53 Brazilian Air Force AMX A-1s, focusing onavionics systems and new armament additions; the programme is estimated to haveextended the lifespan of the fleet beyond 2027.[23]

Italian Air Force AMX, 2010

Since autumn 2009, four Italian AMX have been located in Afghanistan, replacing thesame number of Italian Tornado IDS in the recce role.[24]Of particular note is theaircraft's ability to share digital electro-optical and infrared sensor information withground troops in real time, providing valuable reconnaissance information and helpingto minimise threat exposure; by the end of 2010 over 700 combat missions had been

flown in the Afghan theatre.

[25]

In 2011, Italian AMX aircraft were employed during the2011 military intervention inLibya.Italian military aircraft deployed 710 guided bombs and missiles during sorties:Italian Air Force Tornados and AMX fighter bombers deployed 550 bombs andmissiles, while Navy AV-8Bs deployed 160 guided bombs. AMX aircraft for the firsttime usedLiteningIII targeting pods paired withPavewayand JDAM guided bombs.[26]

As of March 2012, the Philippines is in negotiations with Italy for the possibleprocurement of used AMX aircraft, although no official information has beenreleased.[27]Jane's also reported that the AMX is being considered for the PAF's Lead-in

Fighter Trainer (LIFT) / Surface Attack Aircraft (SAA) project.[28]
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irect_Attack_Munitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Direct_Attack_Munitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inertial_navigation_system#Laser_gyroshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurojet_EJ200http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterburnershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraredhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opher&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_82_bombhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser-guided_bombhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo_warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-It_p352-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implementation_Force_(IFOR)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Deny_Flighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnia


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Variants[edit]

External images

Head-on view of an AMX

AMX in wrap-around camouflage

Laiden AMX taking off

Inside view of cockpit

AMX in special colour scheme

AMX-T

In 1986, development of a two-seat advanced trainer variant was undertaken. This wasintended to provide trainee pilots with experience on fast jets, while still retaining thesingle-seater's attack capabilities. First flying in 1990, the AMX-T equipped both theItalian and Brazilian air forces.

AMX-ATA

The AMX Advanced Trainer Attack (AMX-ATA) is a new AMX two-seater multi-mission attack fighter developed for combat roles and advanced training. The AMX-ATA incorporates new sensors, a forward-looking infrared helmet-mounted display, anew multi-mode radar for air-to-air and air-to-surface capability, and new weaponssystems including anti-ship missiles and medium-range missiles. TheVenezuelan AirForceordered eight AMX-ATA in 1999 for the advanced trainer and attack aircraft role,

but the U.S. Congress vetoed the sale because the aircraft systems include U.S.technology.

AMX-R (RA-1)

An AMX variant designed for reconnaissance missions, various reconnaissance palletscan be optionally equipped on the aircraft; used by the Brazilian Air Force.

A-1M

The product of a Brazilian upgrade program of their existing A-1s; significant featuredinclude a Mectron SCP-01 Scipio radar,[29]Embraer BR2 data link, FLIR Systemsnavigation equipment,[30]Elbit INS/GPS/databus, the adoption of a glass cockpit,[31]anew OBOGS system andHMD DASH IV.

A-11A
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Italian military designation for the AMX from 2012.[32]TA-11A

Italian military designation for the AMX-T from 2012.[32]A-11B

Italian military designation for the AMX ACOL from 2012.[32]

TA-11BItalian military designation for the AMX-T ACOL from 2012.[32]

Operators[edit]

Brazilian Air Force AMX

Brazil

Brazilian Air Forceoperates 60 AMX-A/T (including eight AMX-T fortraining).[33]43 aircraft to be modernized to A-1M, delivered between 2013 and2017, and to be retired in 2032.[34]

o

1 Esquadro/16 Grupo de Aviao Esquadro Adelphio 1 Esquadro/10 Grupo de Aviaoo 3 Esquadro/10 Grupo de aviao

Italy

Italian Air Forceoperates 43 A-11B (originally AMX ACOL) and 12 TA-11B (originally AMX-T ACOL) (out of four prototypes, 110 one-seaters and 26two-seaters delivered)

o 13 Gruppo, 32 Stormo (Ground Attack Squadron 14 AMX ACOL)o 101 Gruppo, 32 Stormo (Training Squadron operating 12 AMX-T

ACOL)o 103 Gruppo, 51 Stormo (Ground Attack Squadron 14 AMX ACOL)o 132 Gruppo, 51 Stormo (Ground Attack Reconnaissance Squadron 15

AMX ACOL with theRecceLitePod fromRafael)

Specifications (AMX)[edit]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-dgaa-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-dgaa-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-dgaa-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-dgaa-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-dgaa-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-dgaa-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-dgaa-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-dgaa-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-dgaa-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-dgaa-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-dgaa-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-dgaa-32http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AMX_International_AMX&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AMX_International_AMX&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_Air_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_Air_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-Census2011-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-Census2011-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-Census2011-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-34http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-34http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-34http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Air_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Air_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RecceLite&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RecceLite&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RecceLite&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Advanced_Defense_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Advanced_Defense_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Advanced_Defense_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AMX_International_AMX&action=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AMX_A-1_FAB.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AMX_A-1_FAB.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AMX_A-1_FAB.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AMX_A-1_FAB.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AMX_A-1_FAB.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AMX_A-1_FAB.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AMX_A-1_FAB.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AMX_A-1_FAB.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AMX_International_AMX&action=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Advanced_Defense_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RecceLite&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Air_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-34http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-Census2011-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_Air_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AMX_International_AMX&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-dgaa-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-dgaa-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-dgaa-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-dgaa-32


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A close-up of tailfin and rear fuselage

M61 Vulcan cannon of an Italian AMXData fromJane's All The World's Aircraft 199394,[9]Jet Bombers[35]

General characteristics

Crew:1 Length:13.23 m (43 ft 5 in) Wingspan:8.87 m (29 ft 112in)

Height:4.55 m (14 ft 1114in) Wing area:21.0 m (226 ft)

Aspect ratio:3.75:1 Empty weight:6,700 kg (14,771 lb) Loaded weight:10,750 kg (23,700 lb) Max. takeoff weight:13,000 kg (28,700 lb)

Powerplant:1 Rolls-Royce Spey807turbofan,49.1 kN (11,030 lbf)

Internal fuel capacity:3,555l (2,700kg) internal.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-jawa93_p129-1-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-jawa93_p129-1-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-jawa93_p129-1-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-bomber_292-35http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-bomber_292-35http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-bomber_292-35http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wingspanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wingspanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspect_ratio_(wing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspect_ratio_(wing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturer%27s_Weight_Emptyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturer%27s_Weight_Emptyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_takeoff_weighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_takeoff_weighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Speyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Speyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Speyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbofanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbofanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbofanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:M61_Vulcan_italian_AMX.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:M61_Vulcan_italian_AMX.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AMX_Air_force_Jet_(4934654146)_(2).jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AMX_Air_force_Jet_(4934654146)_(2).jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AMX_(AERITALIA,_AERMACCHI,_EMBRAER).pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:M61_Vulcan_italian_AMX.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:M61_Vulcan_italian_AMX.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AMX_Air_force_Jet_(4934654146)_(2).jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AMX_Air_force_Jet_(4934654146)_(2).jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AMX_(AERITALIA,_AERMACCHI,_EMBRAER).pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:M61_Vulcan_italian_AMX.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:M61_Vulcan_italian_AMX.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AMX_Air_force_Jet_(4934654146)_(2).jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AMX_Air_force_Jet_(4934654146)_(2).jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AMX_(AERITALIA,_AERMACCHI,_EMBRAER).pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:M61_Vulcan_italian_AMX.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:M61_Vulcan_italian_AMX.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AMX_Air_force_Jet_(4934654146)_(2).jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AMX_Air_force_Jet_(4934654146)_(2).jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AMX_(AERITALIA,_AERMACCHI,_EMBRAER).pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:M61_Vulcan_italian_AMX.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:M61_Vulcan_italian_AMX.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AMX_Air_force_Jet_(4934654146)_(2).jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AMX_Air_force_Jet_(4934654146)_(2).jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AMX_(AERITALIA,_AERMACCHI,_EMBRAER).pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbofanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Speyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_takeoff_weighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturer%27s_Weight_Emptyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspect_ratio_(wing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wingspanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-bomber_292-35http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-jawa93_p129-1-9


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External fuel capacity:2x 1,000l (760kg) in inner wing and 2x 500l (380kg) inouter wing.[36]

Performance

Maximum speed:914 km/h (493 knots, 568 mph) at 10,975 m (36,000 ft )[37] Combat radius:889 km (480 nmi, 553 mi) (hi-lo-hi profile, 900 kg (2,000 lb)

of external stores) Ferry range:3,336 km (1,800 nmi, 2,073 mi)

Endurance:4h 15min[38] Service ceiling:13,000 m (42,650 ft) Rate of climb:52.1 m/s (10,250 ft/min)

Wing loading:512 kg/m (105 lb/ft) Thrust/weight:0.47

Armament

Guns:o 120 mm (0.787 in)M61 Vulcan6-barreled Gatling cannon(Italian

aircraft)o 230 mm (1.181 in)Bernardini Mk-164cannon(Brazilian aircraft)

Missiles:2AIM-9 SidewindersorMAA-1 PiranhasorMAA-1B Piranha II(under development) orA-Darter(under development),[40]carried on wingtiprails

Bombs:3,800 kg (8,380 lb) on 5 external hardpoints, includingMAR-1[39]missiles, general-purpose and laser-guided bombs, air-to-ground missiles, and

rockets

See also[edit]

Aviation portal

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

BAE Hawk Soko J-22 Orao

Related lists

List of attack aircraft List of active Brazilian military aircraft

References[edit]

Notes

1.

^Jump up to: abcdeGunston and Gilchrist 1993, p. 289.2. ^Jump up to: abBraybrook 1989, p.267.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V_speeds#Regulatory_V-speedshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V_speeds#Regulatory_V-speedshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-worldmil_p31-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-worldmil_p31-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-worldmil_p31-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combat_radiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combat_radiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Range_(aircraft)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Range_(aircraft)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endurance_(aircraft)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endurance_(aircraft)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-Global04-38http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-Global04-38http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceiling_(aircraft)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceiling_(aircraft)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_of_climbhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_of_climbhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing_loadinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing_loadinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrust-to-weight_ratiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrust-to-weight_ratiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20_mm_caliberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20_mm_caliberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M61_Vulcanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M61_Vulcanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatling_gun#M61_Vulcan.2C_Minigun.2C_and_other_designshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatling_gun#M61_Vulcan.2C_Minigun.2C_and_other_designshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatling_gun#M61_Vulcan.2C_Minigun.2C_and_other_designshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/30_mm_caliberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/30_mm_caliberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DEFA_cannonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DEFA_cannonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocannonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocannonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocannonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIM-9_Sidewinderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIM-9_Sidewinderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIM-9_Sidewinderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mectron_MAA-1_Piranhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mectron_MAA-1_Piranhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mectron_MAA-1_Piranhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAA-1Bhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAA-1Bhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAA-1Bhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-Darterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-Darterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-Darterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-40http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-40http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-40http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAR-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAR-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAR-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAR-1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AMX_International_AMX&action=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Aviationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Aviationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_Hawkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_Hawkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soko_J-22_Oraohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soko_J-22_Oraohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_attack_aircrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_attack_aircrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_active_Brazilian_military_aircrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_active_Brazilian_military_aircrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AMX_International_AMX&action=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AMX_International_AMX&action=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_ref-bomber_289_1-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_ref-bomber_289_1-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_ref-bomber_289_1-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_ref-bomber_289_1-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_ref-bomber_289_1-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_ref-bomber_289_1-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_ref-bomber_289_1-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_ref-bomber_289_1-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_ref-bomber_289_1-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_ref-bomber_289_1-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_ref-bomber_289_1-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_ref-bomber_289_1-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_ref-Braybrook_p267_2-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_ref-Braybrook_p267_2-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_ref-Braybrook_p267_2-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_ref-Braybrook_p267_2-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_ref-Braybrook_p267_2-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_ref-Braybrook_p267_2-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aviacionavion.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_ref-Braybrook_p267_2-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_ref-Braybrook_p267_2-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_ref-bomber_289_1-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_ref-bomber_289_1-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_ref-bomber_289_1-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_ref-bomber_289_1-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_ref-bomber_289_1-0http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AMX_International_AMX&action=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_active_Brazilian_military_aircrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_attack_aircrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soko_J-22_Oraohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_Hawkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Aviationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AMX_International_AMX&action=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAR-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAR-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-40http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-Darterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAA-1Bhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mectron_MAA-1_Piranhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIM-9_Sidewinderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocannonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DEFA_cannonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/30_mm_caliberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatling_gun#M61_Vulcan.2C_Minigun.2C_and_other_designshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M61_Vulcanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20_mm_caliberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrust-to-weight_ratiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing_loadinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_of_climbhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceiling_(aircraft)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-Global04-38http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endurance_(aircraft)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Range_(aircraft)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combat_radiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-worldmil_p31-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V_speeds#Regulatory_V-speedshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMX#cite_note-36


10/14

3. ^Jump up to: abWarwick 1981, p. 1544.4. ^Jump up to: abBraybrook 1989, p.275.5. Jump up ^Meitus 1992, pp. 223224.6. ^Jump up to: abcdGunston and Gilchrist 1993, p. 291.7. Jump up ^Lambert 1993, p. 126.8. ^Jump up to: abcdeGunston and Gilchrist 1993, p. 290.

9.

^Jump up to:a

b

c

Lambert 1993, pp. 129131.10. Jump up ^Warwick 1981, pp. 15441545.11. Jump up ^Braybrook 1989, p. 270.12. Jump up ^Gunston and Gilchrist 1993, pp. 289-290.13. Jump up ^Jackson 1991, p. 135.14. Jump up ^Nicolli 1997, p. 351.15. Jump up ^Jackson 1991, p. 138.16. Jump up ^Nicolli 1997, pp. 351352.17. Jump up ^"Brazil and Italy lift AMX Ban".Flight International, 612 May 1992, p. 14.18. Jump up ^Nicolli 1997, p. 352.19. Jump up ^"Opher bomb deployed in Kosovo".Flight Global.20. Jump up ^Norris, Guy."EJ200 engine proposed for AMX."Flight International, 20 April

1999.

21.

Jump up ^"Alenia lands $390m AMX upgrade contract".Flight International. Flight Global. 8February 2005. Retrieved 7 November 2009.

22. Jump up ^Niccoli 2009, p.44.23. Jump up ^Gething, Michael J."Embraer commences AMX modifications for the Brazilian Air

Force."Jane's,9 June 2007.24. Jump up ^Peruzzi, Luca."Italy's JATF in Afghanistan boosts air-to-ground and C-IED

capabilities."Jane's,9 November 2012.25. Jump up ^"Italian Air Force: a year of missions for the AMX airplanes in Afghanistan."

AvioNews, 3 December 2010.26. Jump up ^Kingston, Tom (14 December 2011)."Italy Gives Bombing Stats for Libya

Campaign".Defense News.27. Jump up ^"DND signs five-year agreement with Italy".The Philippine Star. 8 February 2012.

Retrieved 20 February 2012.

28.

Jump up ^"Farnborough 2012: KAI confident T-50 family ready for Philippines, otherinternational markets".IHS Janes. 13 July 2012. Retrieved 2012-07-13.

29. Jump up ^"Embraer lucra com retrofitde avies" (in Portuguese).Estado,16 September2011. Retrieved: 29 January 2012.

30. Jump up ^"FLIR Systems wins $7 million contract from Embraer".Military Aero Space,9June 2009. Retrieved: 29 January 2012.

31. Jump up ^"Elbit consegue contrato de US$187 mi da Embraer" (in Portuguese).Reuters,11November 2009. Retrieved: 29 January 2012.

32. ^Jump up to: abcd"Utilizzo Della Nomenclatura 'Mission Design Series' (MDS) NeelePubblicazioni Tecniche (PPTT) Di Competenza Della Daa".Ministero Della Defesa. June 2011.

33. Jump up ^"World Airliner Census 2011".Flight Global," 1319 December 2011. Retrieved:10 January 2012

34. Jump up ^"FAB ganha poder de fogo com 'novo' caa" (in Portuguese).Estadao,16 January

2012. Retrieved: 16 January 2012.35. Jump up ^Gunston and Gilchrist 1993, p. 292.36. Jump up ^"Aeritalia-Embraer-Aermacchi AMX".fighter-planes.com.Retrieved: 9 February

2012,37. Jump up ^Donald and Lake 1996, p. 31.38. Jump up ^"Directory: Military Aircraft".Flight Global,2125 May 2004. Retrieved: 2

February 2012.39. Jump up ^"Defesa ganha mais espao na Odebrecht" (in Portuguese).Estado,8 April 2011.

Retrieved: 29 January 2012.40. Jump up ^"South Africa, Brazil to Develop A-Darter SRAAM".Defense Industry Daily,26

April 2010. Retrieved: 29 December 2012.

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Metius, Wojtek. "AMX IOC: Service use for Italy's new agile attacker".AirInternational, October 1992, Vol 43 No 4. Stamford, UK:Key Publishing. ISSN 0306-5634. pp. 222225.

Niccoli, Ricardo. "AMX In Italian Service".Air International, June 1997, Vol 52 No 6.

Stamford, UK:Key Publishing. ISSN 0306-5634. pp. 349353. Niccoli, Ricardo. "AMX: Upgraded and Ready for Combat".Air International,

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45. Warwick, Graham."AMX design reflects Tornado experience".Flight International,21

November 1981. pp. 15441545.

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Aircraft produced byMacchi/Aermacchi

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Internationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Internationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Internationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1874023956http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1874023956http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1874023956http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0710610661http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0710610661http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0710610661http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1981/1981%20-%203652.htmlhttp://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1981/1981%20-%203652.htmlhttp://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1981/1981%20-%203652.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_Internationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_Internationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_Internationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AMX_International_AMX&action=edit&section=9http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMXhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMXhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMXhttp://www.aleniaaermacchi.it/Eng/Military/Proprietari/Pages/AMX.aspxhttp://www.aleniaaermacchi.it/Eng/Military/Proprietari/Pages/AMX.aspxhttp://www.vectorsite.net/avamx.htmlhttp://www.vectorsite.net/avamx.htmlhttp://www.militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=464http://www.militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=464http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Alenia_aircrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Alenia_aircrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Alenia_aircrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Alenia_aircrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Alenia_aircraft&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Alenia_aircraft&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alenia_Aeronauticahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alenia_Aeronauticahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alenia_Aeronauticahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alenia_Aermacchihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alenia_Aermacchihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alenia_Aermacchihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Aermacchi_aircrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Aermacchi_aircrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Aermacchi_aircrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Aermacchi_aircrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Aermacchi_aircraft&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Aermacchi_aircraft&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aermacchihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aermacchihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aermacchihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aermacchihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Aermacchi_aircraft&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Aermacchi_aircrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Aermacchi_aircrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alenia_Aermacchihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alenia_Aeronauticahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Alenia_aircraft&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Alenia_aircrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Alenia_aircrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMXhttp://www.militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=464http://www.vectorsite.net/avamx.htmlhttp://www.aleniaaermacchi.it/Eng/Military/Proprietari/Pages/AMX.aspxhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/AMX_International_AMXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AMX_International_AMX&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_Internationalhttp://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1981/1981%20-%203652.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0710610661http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1874023956http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_International


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