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8/20/2019 Amphibious Ship Types
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Contents
1. General Aspects -1
Types of Amphibious Ships
2. Amphibious Transport Dock (LPD)
-2
3. Dock Lanin! Ship "LSD# -$
%. Amphibious Assault Ships - LHD/LHA
-7
$. Landing Ship Tank (LST)
-!"
Amphibious Crafts
&. Landing #ra$t Air #ushion (L#A#)
-12
'. Lanin! Craft( )echani*e An +tility - -14
LC),LC+
ther ehicles
/. Li!ht Amphibious 0esupply( Car!o"LA0C# -1&
. Amphibious Assault ehicle "AA# -1'
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General Aspects An amphibious ship is understood as that
destined to carry out landing operations, sending men,
weapons and materials necessary for actions on land, directly
or using the means that it transports (landing craft and
helicopters).
The amphibious operations developed during the
Second orld ar were carried out under the tactical concept
of the availability of ships to carry a combat force and directly
situate it on the beach. After the Second orld !up war many
navies too" over amphibious ships from the inventories of the
#oyal $avy and especially of the %S $avy.
An amphibious operation is a military operation
launched from the sea by naval and landing forces embar"ed in
ships or craft involving a landing on a hostile or potentially
hostile shore. An amphibious operation re&uires e'tensive air
participation and is characteried by closely integrated eorts
of forces trained, organied, and e&uipped for dierent combat
functions. The comple'ity of amphibious operations and thevulnerability of forces engaged in these operations re&uire an
e'ceptional degree of unity of eort and operational coherence.
*n recent years many large and medium+sied
navies have included amphibious ships with broad multipurpose
capacities in their inventories, capable of carrying out tas"s of a
militar% natur& and in support for the civilian population in
cases of catastroph& or natural disast&r. These are ships
with a displacement of between ,--- and -,--- tonnes at fullload, capable of operating for lengthy periods in waters far from
their base and are e&uipped with a capacity to operate landing
craft and helicopters and in some cases /0ST aircraft.
The purpose of amphibious ships can be summarised as
follows 3+
• ifts the armed forces and deploys them far from its
natural borders.
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• They carry troops and other armoured vehicles and their
crew.
• /ery important in tactical warfare and deploying forces in
carrying out supreme attac"s.
• Also used in rendering assistance to civil authorities at the
time of natural calamities.
Types of Amphibious Ships
A'PH*+S T,ASP*,T D*#.
(LPD)
'SS*3 To transport and land troops, e&uipment, and
supplies by means of embar"ed landing craft and amphibious
vehicles augmented by helicopter lift.
2
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(*mage 3 *$S
4alashwa of *ndian $avy)
An amphibious transport doc", also called a
landing plat$orm/dock (LPD), is an amphibious warfare ship,
a warship that embar"s, transports, and lands elements of a
landing force for e'peditionary warfare missions. Several naviescurrently operate this "ind of ship. The ships are generally
designed to transport troops into a war one by sea, primarily
using landing cra$t, although invariably they also have the
capability to operate transport h&licopt&rs.
San Antonio class of %S $avy
anding 5latform 6oc" 7568 can ballast down in the water,
thereby 9ooding the well dec" with enough water to enable
various sied landing craft to enter the well dec" through the
stern gate door. nce doc"ed inside the well dec", troops,
supplies and combat e&uipment can be loaded into or o of the
amphibious boats and vehicles while simultaneously
:
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transporting troops and e&uipment via helicopter from the 9ight
dec".
The 56 has a helicopter platform built over a well
dec" in the rear of the vessel. This provides the tacticaladvantage of being able to lift troops, their combat e&uipment
and supplies onto the same ship. Therefore, the ship
contributes to all phases of the amphibious assault. The well
dec" are upper and lower vehicle storage areas, which hold
most of the embar"ed troops; heavy combat e&uipment, such
as tan"s, trac"ed amphibious landing vehicles (AA/), . She was
commissioned on 22 4une 2--?. *$S She is based in
/isa"hapatnam under the @astern $aval !ommand.
Sp&&d3 2- "nots
oats 1 landing cra$t carri&d3
1 !A!, or (anding !raft, Air !ushion)
1 !%, or (anding !raft %tlity)
!B+, or
C !B+D, or (anding !raft Bechanied)
2 AA/ (Amphibious Assault /ehicle)
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D*#. LAD SHP (LSD)
>
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'SS*3 To transport and land troops, e&uipment, and
supplies by means of embar"ed landing craft and amphibiousvehicles augmented by helicopter lift.
(*mage 3
%SS Earpers =erry )
A doc" landing ship (also called landing ship, doc"
or S6) is an amphibious warfare ship with a well doc" to
transport and launch landing craft and amphibious vehicles.
Some ships with well dec"s, such as the Soviet *van #ogov
class, also have bow doors to enable them to deliver vehicles
directly onto a beach.
D
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6oc" anding Ships support amphibious operations
including landings via anding !raft Air !ushion (!A!),
conventional landing craft and helicopters, onto hostile shores.
An amphibious connector prototype embar"s the amphibious doc" landing
ship +SS ,ushmor& (LSD 37)
Di4&r&nc& b&t0&&n a Landing Ship Dock 5LSD6 and a
Landing Plat$orm Dock 5LPD6 *nitially the 56 had a
helicopter landing dec", whereas the S6 did not. Bore
recently, while the S6 has ac&uired a helicopter landing dec",
it lac"s the helicopter hangar found on the 56. American S6stypically carry --+>-- troops, while the 56s carry ?--+C--
troops.
S6s are focused on cargo and 56s on personnel.
?
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A'PH*+S ASSA+LT SHPS -
LHD/LHA
'SS*3 and and support ground forces on enemy territory
by an amphibious assault.
(*mage 3%SS America (EA+D))
LHA- Landing ship H&licopt&r Assault3 Feneral+purpose
amphibious assault ships that serve both landing craft and
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helicopters, with a primar% &mphasis on a8iation rather
than landing craft.
LHD - Landing ship H&licopt&r Dock 3 Bulti+purpose
amphibious assault ships that can deliver, elements of alanding force by air and amphibious craft.
These assault ships have a $ull l&ngth 9ight d&ck and a
starboard island 7li"e an aircraft carrier8. This is the most
obvious dierence with other ships li"e 56s.
ith the e'ception of America+class ships, EA+D and EA+?, all
other EAs and E6s have well dec".
:&ll D&ck Plan o$ LHA
!A! + 1 0 -
!% + 2 0
C
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:&ll D&ck Plan o$ LHD
!A! + : 0 -
1-
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!% + - 0 2
11
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ell 6ec" f %SS Go'er (E6+) and an !% (anding !raft %tility)
12
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LAD SHP TA. (LST)
'SS*3 Shore to shore delivery of tan"s, amphibious assaultvehicles, and troops.
(*mage3 *$S Airavat)
*n the ** era, there was a need for relatively
large, ocean+going ships that could handle shor&-to-shor&
d&li8&r% o$ tanks and other vehicles in amphibious
assaults. As an interim measure, three shallow+draft tan"ers
were converted to STs. o0 doors and ramps were added to
these ships, which became the Hrst tan" landing ships. These
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modiHcations made it possible for vehicles to disembar"
directly from the ship to the beach.
Truc"s driven down the ramp of an ST
S Aira8at is the third Shardul+class tan"landing ship of the *ndian $avy. She was built by Farden #each
Shipbuilders I @ngineers in Jol"ata and began sea trials in 4uly
2-- after completing basin trials in Bay.
hile primarily designed for amphibious assault
operations, Airavat;s missions also include humanitarian
assistanc& 1 disast&r r&li&$ (EA6#) during natural disasters,
including tsunamis, cyclones and earth&ua"es. She has a fully
functioning hospital on+board, the capacity to carry >--soldiers, and can provide stern refueling for other naval vessels.
!apacity of the *$S Airavat3
• 11 BGT (Bain Gattle Tan")
• 1- infantry truc"s
• >-- troops
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Amphibious Crafts
LAD #,A;T A, #+SH*
(L#A#)
'SS*3 Air cushioned vehicle for transporting, ship+to+shore
and across the beach, personnel, weapons, e&uipment, and
cargo of the assault elements
(*
mage3 A %S $avy !A!)
1>
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The anding !raft, Air !ushion (!A!), a class of air+cushion
vehicle (hovercraft), is a high+speed, over+the+beach $ull%
amphibious landing cra$t, capable of carrying a D-+?> tonpayload. *t is used to transport the weapons systems,
e&uipment, cargo and personnel of the assault elements of the
Barine Air+Fround Tas" =orce from ship to shor& and across
th& b&ach.
!A! can carry heavy payloads, such as an B+1
tan", at high speeds. The !A! payload capability and speed
combine to signiHcantly increase the ability of the Barine
Fround @lement to reach the shore. Air cushion t&chnolog%allows this vehicle to reach more than 7" p&rc&nt o$ th&
0orld percent of that
coastline is accessible by conventional landing craft.
Kubr class !A!, world;s largest hovercraft
The versatile !A! can traverse snow, marsh, ice, tundra and
sand. n land, it can traverse obstacles as high as four feet. n
1D
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missions ranging from transporting cargo to minesweeping, the
!A! is designed to function in e'treme conditions ranging
from Arctic cold to Sahara heat.
LAD #,A;T '=#HA>=D
AD +TLT? - L#'/L#+
'SS*3 Transporting trac"ed or wheeled vehicles and troops
from amphibious assault ships to beachheads or piers.
(*
mage3 A %S $avy !%)
1?
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anding craft are used by amphibious forces to transport
e&uipment and troops to the shore. anding craft are also used
to support civilian humanitarian0maritime operations.
!Bs have a bow ramp for onload0oLoad. !%s have both bow
and stern ramps for onload0oLoad and have the ability to
operate at sea for up to 1- days.
The use of landing craft in amphibious assault dates from orld
ar **. The craft are carried aboard amphibious assault ships to
the ob-
!argo + 1?- tons/ehicle capacity + 2 B1A1 (tan")
Bultiple other vehicles
*ndia currently has si' !%s of the B" *** class and four !%s of
the B" */ class.
1
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*ndian $avy anding !raft %tility built by F#S@
ther ehicles
LHT A'PH*+S ,=S+PPL?
#A,* (LA,#)
A#!+/ /ehicle
Aluminium+hulled amphibious vehicle to transport onto the
beach, personnel and cargo discharged from deep+water ships.
1C
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riginally it was used to ferry supplies from ship to shore, or if
re&uired, further inland.
*n addition to the %nited States, A#!s have been used by
military forces in Australia, Argentina, 5ortugal, The 5hilippinesand *celand. A#!+/s were used e'tensively by the %S Army
and $avy for beach supply during the /ietnam ar.
The LA,#-@ had3
'aimum sp&&d
C "nots (water)
:- mph (land)
#argo capacit%
> t
*t can also carry 2- fully e&uipped troops, plus the crew of
three.
A'PH*+S ASSA+LT @=H#L=
(AA@)
2-
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6esigned to assault any shoreline from the well dec"s of $avy
assault ships, AA/s are highly mobile, trac"ed armored
amphibious vehicles that transport troops and cargo to andthrough hostile territory.
Typically, the Hrst vehicles to land during beach raids and
assaults. perates at speeds of ?2 "m0h on landN +1- "nots in
water.
!an Hre on land and water. @nough fuel to drive >-- "m inland.
@ight smo"e grenade launchers. Turret armed with .>- cal
machinegun and -mm grenade launcher
5resently manufactured by %.S. !ombat Systems. Bitsubishi is
also building an amphibious assault vehicle.
0eferences21
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+S ay - http4,,555.nay.mil
6ikipeia
http4,,555.military-toay.com,
http4,,555.nasource.or!,
22
http://www.navy.mil/http://www.military-today.com/http://www.navsource.org/http://www.military-today.com/http://www.navsource.org/http://www.navy.mil/