AMOS EDITED skill Acquisition Presentation

BY

OSIME AMOS UWADIALEPROGRAMME MANAGER

McFELEY DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATES PROGRAMME DIRECTOR

BISI OGUNJOBI FOUNDATION

10 JANUARY 2015

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THEME: “PARADIGM SHIFT THINKING: TECHNICAL AND BUSINESS SKILLS ACQUISITION AS PANACEA

FOR UNEMPLOYMENT IN NIGERIA.”

ORDER OF DISCUSSION

“Paradigm Shift Thinking: Technical and Business Skills Acquisition as Panacea for unemployment in Nigeria.” 2

► Introduction - Greetings and Appreciation

► Conceptual Framework : Definition of Unemployment

► Trends and Pattern of Unemployment in Nigeria

► Causes of Unemployment in Nigeria

► Consequences of Unemployment

► Employment Generation Programmes in Nigeria

► Assessment of Past Employment Generation Programes

► Recent Efforts by the Federal Government of Nigeria

► Paradigm Shift Thinking to Technical and Business Skill Acquisition

► Challenges Facing Entrepreneurship Education in Nigeria

► Way Forward

► Personal Experience

► Conclusion

► Donation

► Bibliography


1. Conceptual FrameworkDefinition of Unemployment► The International Labour Organization (ILO) defines the

unemployed as the number of the economically active population

who is without work but available and seeking work, including

people who have lost their jobs and those who have voluntarily left

work.

► Various forms of unemployment such as seasonal, cyclical, and

structural unemployment exist in Nigeria.

► Disparity in the incidence of unemployment between rural and

urban areas, age brackets and gender.


Nigeria

USA

Austra

lia

Canada

Franc

e

German

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lyJa

pan

Korea

Rep

Mexico

Netherl

ands

New Zea

land

South

Africa

Spain

Swed

en

Turkey

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5

10

15

20

25

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Chart 1: World Unemployment Rates (2011)

Unemployed Rates

“Paradigm Shift Thinking: Technical and Business Skills Acquisition as Panacea for unemployment in Nigeria.”

Source: International Comparisons of Annual Labor Force Statistics, 1970-2012

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2.Trends and Pattern of Unemployment in Nigeria


► Nigeria has a youth population of 80 million, representing about 60 percent of the total population with a growth rate of 2.6 percent per year.

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2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110

5

10

15

20

25

30Chart 2: Unemployment Rate (2000-2011)

Source: National Bureau of Statistics (2011)

► Percentage of unemployed persons ranged from 13 percent in year 2000, declined to 11.9 percent in 2005 and increased to 23.9 percent in 2011.

► Youth population remains vibrant with an average annual entrant to the labour force of 1.8 million between 2006 and 2011.


► The number of unemployed persons increased from 7 million in 2006 to 16 million in 2011 excluding the newly unemployed persons at 2 million equivalent to 23.9 percent of the labour force.

Table 1: Overview of Nigeria Employment Situation in Nigeria (2006-2011)Nigeria Estimated Population

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

140,431,790 144,925,607 149,563,227 154,349,250 159,288,426 164,385,656

Economically Active

78,922,666 81,448,191 84,054,533 86,744,278 89,520,095 92,384,738

Labour Force 57,455,701 59,294,283 61,191,700 63,149,835 65,170,629 67,256,090

Employed 50,388,650 51,763,909 52,074,137 50,709,317 51,224,115 51,181,884

Unemployed 7,067,051 7,530,374 9,117,563 12,440,517 13,946,515 16,074,205

Newly Unemployed

463,323 1,587,189 3,322,954 1,505,997 2,127,691

Source: National Bureau of Statistics (2011) Annual Socio-Economic Report

► 41.6 percent of persons aged between 15 and 24 years were unemployed, while 21.3 percent of persons with post-secondary education were unemployed. The comparative data for male and female were 17 and 23.3 percent respectively.

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1 2 3 4 5 60

2000000

4000000

6000000

8000000

10000000

12000000

14000000

16000000

18000000

Years

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Chart 3: Unemployed Persons in Nigeria (2006-2011)

Source: National Bureau of Statistics (2011) Annual Socio-Economic Report


3.Causes of Unemployment in Nigeria


► Rapid population growth of the country (140,431,790 as per 2006 census) which is projected to be over 180 million by 2020;

► Declining industrial growth and low installed capacity utilization;

► Outdated school curricula and inadequate technical and vocational schools as well as absence of entrepreneur skill acquisition programs;

► Negative impact of various economic policy measures;

► Poor implementation of government policies and programmes designed to address unemployment and job creation; and

► High incidence of corruption

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Causes

4. Consequences of Unemployment


► Increase in level of poverty

► Harbinger of violent and anti-social behaviors

► High rate of insecurity and crime

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► Increase in youth restiveness

► Dehumanization

► Craving for ‘stomach infrastructure’

The newly celebrated maxim in our political terminology ‘stomach infrastructure’ - as a way of addressing citizen welfare, is no more than a way of inducing the population to support a particular candidate or party in an election by giving out goodies in exchange for their votes. Indeed, it is a form of corruption, which is a product of the increasing level of poverty and unemployment in the country.

► Idle youths engage in criminal activities and social vices as an alternative means of generating income

Consequences of Unemployment….contd

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We have a duty to enlighten the ordinary citizens on the

fact that the clamour for stomach infrastructure and

sharing of goodies is not a substitute for the provision of

physical and social infrastructure, employment

generation and job creation as well as the security of

lives and property. Only good governance can assure

citizens of equal access to opportunities that guarantee

self-actualization and employment.“Paradigm Shift Thinking: Technical and Business Skills Acquisition as Panacea for unemployment in Nigeria.” 13

5. Employment Generation Programmes in Nigeria


► General Yakubu Gowon’s National Accelerated Food Production

Programme (NAFPP);

► General Olusegun Obasanjo’s Operation Feed the Nation (OFN);

► Alhaji Shehu Shagari’s Green Revolution Programme (GRP);

► General Ibrahim Babangida created the Directorate of Food, Roads and

Rural Infrastructure (DFRRI), National Agricultural Land Development

Authority (NALDA);

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► General Sani Abacha’s introduced Family Economic Advancement Programme (FEAP) and his wife’s Family Support Programme (FSP);

► Olusegun Obasanjo’s National Poverty Eradication Program (NAPEP), National Directorate of Employment (NDE) and National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS);

► Alhaji Umaru Musa Yar’adua’s “Seven-Point Agenda; and

► President Goodluck Jonathan’s Economic Transformation Agenda

These efforts have not resulted in significant reduction in youth unemployment. For example, it was

estimated that NDE which was noted to be the most successful government agency for training youth

for skill acquisition in employment generation and job creation (Akpasung 2006), including Open

Apprenticeship Scheme – In all only 914,230 less than one million benefited from the NDE

programme during Obasanjo regime up to 2006 – i.e 130,000 per annum.


6. Assessment of Past Employment Generation Programmes► Lack of commitment by the government.

► Lack of effective coordination of the projects and programmes among government agencies and among the 3 tiers of government.

► Lack build on approach leading to abandoned projects and reinventing the wheel.

► Corruption! Corruption!! Corruption!!!

The overall conclusion is that none of the government programmes made a

significant impact on job creation, employment generation and poverty

reduction.



7. Some Recent Efforts by the Federal Government of Nigeria► Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Programme

using the Subsidy Reinvestment and Empowerment Programme (SURE-P);

► ‘YOUWIN’ Programme;

► Introduction of Entrepreneurship Education into the curricula of all tertiary institutions;

Sustainability

► Fall in the price of crude oil in the world market since the 3rd quarter of 2014 raises concern on the sustainability of the SURE-P initiative.

There is need for radical change in the approach to employment generation and poverty reduction programmes.

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“Paradigm Shift Thinking to Technical and Business Skill Acquisition”

Is it the Panacea to Unemployment in Nigeria?


► There is the urgent need for a viable entrepreneurship model that would

help tackle the endemic poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, chronic

diseases, crimes, terrorism and insurgency.

► The model must promote the development and growth of SMEs, wealth

creation, enhance value reorientation, and preserve the ecosystem to

achieve sustainable economic development.

► Labour intensive construction activities.


8. Paradigm Shift Thinking to Technical and Business Skill Acquisition

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9. Challenges Facing Entrepreneurship Education in Nigeria► The style of teaching of Entrepreneurship Education across the tertiary

institutions.

► Absence of standard text-books and other useful learning materials on

Entrepreneurship Education to address the peculiar Nigerian business

environment.

► Inadequate funding.

► Students’ erroneous perception on Entrepreneurship Education.

► The experiences of the self-employed in real life market.


► Difficulty of accessing funds in banks, high interest rates and hard term

and conditions .

► Compliance with numerous government regulations.

► Tough macro-economic environment.

► Infrastructural decay

► High cost of raw materials


10. Challenges Facing the Self-Employed in Real Life Market

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11. Way ForwardThe need for attitudinal change of the population towards local content in the housing construction industry that holds a strong potential for employment generation.

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For example government programmes for mass housing to alleviate poverty and create employment.

► Local content less than 10% courtesy of made in China

► Jobs are created for the Chinese rather than Nigerians.

► Artisans and skilled labour imported from West African neighbouring countries.


Way Forward…..contd

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The need for enhancing the implementation performance of government

programmes and policies to hinge on the programmes rather than the

initiator or government.

► Consistent implementation of policies and programmes irrespective of the

change in the initiating Ministers , Governors or successive governments.


11. My Personal Experience

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► Impact of the change of policy on the role of the Cocoa Marketing Board

In today’s circumstance of declining oil revenue, the development certainly

calls for a paradigm shift thinking within the framework of diversification

of the Nigerian economy.


Paradigm Shift

Technical and Business Skills Acquistion

Panacea to Unemployment

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The conclusion is that Technical and Business Skills Acquisition

is an option for tackling the challenge

of youth unemployment

but it is not an open sesame key.

Certainly it is a NECESSARY but not SUFFICIENT condition.


Conclusion


Donation

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THANK YOU

28“Paradigm Shift Thinking: Technical and Business Skills Acquisition as Panacea for unemployment in Nigeria.”

• Akpasung, A. 2006. Government Initiatives on Employment generation in Nigeria: A Study of the National Directorate of Employment. Selected Papers for the Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society (NES).

• Department for International Development (2010) The Country Report (Nigeria). DFID, United Kingdom.

• Gabadeen, W. O. and Raimi, L. (2012) Management of Entrepreneurship Education in Nigerian Higher Institutions: Issues, Challenges and Way Forward. Abuja International Journal Of Education And Management Sciences (ABIJEMS), 2, pp. 1-26.

• Ifedili, C. and Ofoegbu, F. (2011) Managing Entrepreneurship Education In Nigerian Universities, European Journal of Educational Studies 3(1), ISSN 1946-6331, Ozean Publication.

• Ifedili, C. and Ofoegbu, F. (2011) Managing Entrepreneurship Education In Nigerian Universities, European Journal of Educational Studies 3(1), ISSN 1946-6331, Ozean Publication.

• International Labour Organization (2007). Global Employment Trends. Geneva: International Labour Office.

• National Bureau of Statistics (2009). Social Statistics in Nigeria. Abuja: The NBS Publication.

• National Bureau of Statistics (2011). Annual Social Economic Report. Abuja: The NBS Publication.

• National Bureau of Statistics. (2010). Statistical News: Labor Force Statistics No. 476. Abuja: The NBS.

• Ogwumike, F. Employment, Job Creation and Poverty Alleviation Chapter 5 of the book “ Olusegun Obasanjo: The Presidential Legacy 1999-2007. Vol 1.

• Okebukola, P.A.O. (2004). Curriculum implementation in Nigeria, strategies for the 21st Century in Noah, A.O.K., Shonibare, D.O., Ojo, A.A. and Olujuwon, T. (Eds) curriculum implementation and professionalizing teaching in Nigeria. Lagos: Central Educational Services.

• Nigeria Vision 20:2020 Document (2009) Economic Transformation Blueprint. Federal Republic of Nigeria.

BIBLIOGRAPHY


Documents

AMOS EDITED skill Acquisition Presentation