1

AMMA 2006 Report on the MIPAS-STR measurements on the transfer flights from Italy to Burkina Faso and on five local flights in Ouagadougou

C.E. Blom(1), T. Gulde(1), C. Keim(2), C. Piesch(1), A. Ebersoldt(3)

(1)Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung (2)Universität Karlsruhe, Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung (3)Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik Summary MIPAS-STR was integrated on M-55 on Wednesday, July 26 in Verona. After successful EMC on July 28 a 4-hour-testflight was performed on July 29 with flight direction almost south towards Sicily. The flight was supported by EUFAR for test of the new instrument IRIS. The lowest tangent point for the limb measurements was set to 6 km and not modified during the whole campaign. Despite the original planning the flights had to be operated by only one pilot, which causes the aircraft to have an intermediate stop in Marrakech for a minimum of 10 hours. The maximum flight altitude for transfer was restricted by MDB to 19 km due to aircraft limitations, so the flight levels were set to 18 and 19 km for both transfer legs. The take-off for transfer was on July, 31 at 23:25 local time with a delay of about 20 hours to the original flight plan. After an overall flight time of approx. 7:40 h the aircraft arrived in Ouagadougou. The reason for this delay was on the one hand the pilot problem (restrictions for planning were a) a 12 hours minimum rest of the pilot in Marrakech b) landing at daylight in Ouaga c) maximum instrument hold time of 24 hours d) high sun exposure of the aircraft in Marrakech) and on the other hand an additional 12 hour delay because of logistical problems (of MIPAS-STR) with the liquid helium. Instrument performance and reliability was excellent during test, transfer and all local flights. Unfortunately only housekeeping data were measured on the backward transfer flights because of lack of liquid helium. More about AMMA: http://www.pa.op.dlr.de/amma-dlr/ http://www.isac.cnr.it/~utls/m55amma/ http://www.amma-eu.org/ http://amma.mediasfrance.org/ http://nadir.nilu.no/scout-tropical/secure/DB_M55_AMMA.html

UTC 29.07.

Verona testflight

31.7./01.08. Verona

Marrakech

01.08. Marrakech

Ouaga

04.08. Ouaga Local I

07.08. Ouaga Local II

08.08. Ouaga

Local III

11.08. Ouaga

Local IV

13.08. Ouaga Local V

Take-off

Landing

05:51

09:39

21:25

01:16

10:59

14:58

08:25

12:13

12:15

16:06

11:45

15:30

14:43

18:22

12:49

16:22

MIPAS-STR profiles

From (Lat./Lon.) Until (Lat./Lon.)

06:19 (--/--)

09:05 (--/--)

21:47 (44.70/9.94)

00:43

(33.01/-7.32)

11:21 (30.35/-8.47)

14:30

(13.60/-2.12)

09:02 (--/13.6)

11:37 (--/5.4)

12:48 (--/--)

15:30 (--/--)

12:18 (--/--)

14:54 (--/--)

15:37 (--/--)

17:47 (--/--)

13:25 (--/11.6)

15:48 (--/4.2)

Table 1: Overview of flight times and MIPAS-STR measurements

2

Verona test flight (29/07/06)

Abb.1: Test flight from Verona on July, 29.

Verona test flight 29.07.06

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

5.5

6

6.5

6:00 6:30 7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00UTC

DC

Cha

nnel

#1 [V

]

12000

13000

14000

15000

16000

17000

18000

19000

20000

21000

GPS

alti

tude

[m]

678910111213141516171819200.113altitude

elev

atio

n an

gle

ta

ngen

t hei

ght

Abb.2: DC plot vs flight level for the test flight from Verona to Sicily.

3

Transfer Flights

Abb.3: Forward transfer flights from Verona to Ouagadougou

Verona – Marrakech ( 31 July/ 1 August )

Transfer Verona - Marrakech 31.7./01.08.06

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

5.5

6

6.5

21:30 22:00 22:30 23:00 23:30 0:00 0:30 1:00UTC

DC

Cha

nnel

#1 [V

]

12000

13000

14000

15000

16000

17000

18000

19000

20000

21000

GPS

alti

tude

[m]

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

0.1

1

3

altitude

elev

atio

n an

gle

ta

ngen

t hei

ght

Abb.4: DC plot vs flight level for the flight from Verona to Marrakech

Marrakech

Ouagadougou

Verona

4

Marrakech - Ouagadougou (1 August )

Transfer Marrakech - Ouagadougou 01.08.06

3.5

4

4.5

5

5.5

6

6.5

7

11:00 11:30 12:00 12:30 13:00 13:30 14:00 14:30UTC

DC

Cha

nnel

#1 [V

]

12000

13000

14000

15000

16000

17000

18000

19000

20000

21000

GPS

alti

tude

[m]

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

0.1

1

3

altitude

elev

atio

n an

gle

ta

ngen

t hei

ght

Abb.5: DC plot vs flight level for the flight from Marrakech to Ouagadougou

Abb.6: Corresponding observation pattern with cloud index of MIPAS on ENVISAT before and after the transfer flights

5

Ouagadougou local flights

Abb.7: The flight patterns of the five Ouagadougou local flights Local flight I (04/08/06) Flight was dedicated to “large scale transport and MCS outflow”.

Ouaga Local flight #1 04.08.06

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

5.5

6

6.5

8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00UTC

DC

Cha

nnel

#1 [V

]

12000

13000

14000

15000

16000

17000

18000

19000

20000

21000

GPS

alti

tude

[m]

678910111213141516171819200.113altitude

elev

atio

n an

gle

ta

ngen

t hei

ght

Abb.8: DC plot vs flight level for the first local flight

6

Abb.9: Corresponding observation pattern with cloud index of MIPAS on ENVISAT for local flight I

Abb.10: Measurement examples for cloud free limb spectra and spectra affected by cirrus clouds. Above the DC output (channel #1) of the detector versus the corresponding tangent heights is shown.

1. Local flight 04/08/06

0.00E+00

3.00E+02

6.00E+02

9.00E+02

1.20E+03

1.50E+03

750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050

wavenumber

a. u

.

free_092951_11km

cirrus_111022_11km

MIPAS channel #1

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

5.5

9:25:47 9:26:47 9:27:47 9:28:47 9:29:47 9:30:470

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

11000

12000

13000

14000

15000

16000

17000

18000

19000

20000detector output [V]Tangent height [m]

7 km

blackbody

deepspace

18 km

6 km

Cloud free 7 to 18 km

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

5.5

11:06:00 11:07:00 11:08:00 11:09:00 11:10:00 11:11:00 11:12:000

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

11000

12000

13000

14000

15000

16000

17000

18000

19000

20000detector output [V]Tangent height [m]

7 km

blackbody

deepspace

19 km

6 km

Cirrus clouds

7

Very first results of the first local flight from a cloud-free limb measurement at about 09:30 (calculated almost real-time during the campaign)

Abb.11: Very rough first vertical profiles of HNO3, H2O, CFC-11 and CFC-12. Local flight II (07/08/06) Flight was dedicated to “MCS close-up”

Ouaga Local flight #2 07.08.06

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

5.5

6

6.5

12:00 12:30 13:00 13:30 14:00 14:30 15:00 15:30 16:00UTC

DC

Cha

nnel

#1 [V

]

12000

13000

14000

15000

16000

17000

18000

19000

20000

21000

GPS

alti

tude

[m]

678910111213141516171819200.113altitude

elev

atio

n an

gle

ta

ngen

t hei

ght

Abb.12: DC plot vs flight level for the second local flight

8

Abb.13: Corresponding observation pattern with cloud index of MIPAS on ENVISAT for local flight II Local flight III (08/08/06) Flight was dedicated to “Calypso validation” .

Ouaga Local flight #3 08.08.06

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

5.5

6

6.5

12:00 12:30 13:00 13:30 14:00 14:30 15:00UTC

DC

Cha

nnel

#1 [V

]

12000

13000

14000

15000

16000

17000

18000

19000

20000

21000

GPS

alti

tude

[m]

678910111213141516171819200.113altitude

elev

atio

n an

gle

ta

ngen

t hei

ght

Abb.14: DC plot vs flight level for the third local flight

9

Abb.15: Corresponding observation pattern with cloud index of MIPAS on ENVISAT for local flight III On August 9, between local flights III and IV, a check of the LOS was performed. The mirror “F2” was slightly modified. Local flight IV (11/08/06) Flight was again dedicated to “MCS close-up” .

Ouaga Local flight #4 11.08.06

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

5.5

6

15:00 15:30 16:00 16:30 17:00 17:30 18:00UTC

DC

Cha

nnel

#1 [V

]

12000

13000

14000

15000

16000

17000

18000

19000

20000

21000

GPS

alti

tude

[m]

678910111213141516171819200.113altitude

elev

atio

n an

gle

ta

ngen

t hei

ght

Abb.16: DC plot vs flight level for the fourth local flight

10

Abb.17: Corresponding observation pattern with cloud index of MIPAS on ENVISAT for local flight IV Local flight V (13/08/06) Flight was dedicated to “large scale transport” as flight I and combined with a Calypso meeting.

Ouaga Local flight #5 13.08.06

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

13:00 13:30 14:00 14:30 15:00 15:30 16:00UTC

DC

Cha

nnel

#1 [V

]

12000

13000

14000

15000

16000

17000

18000

19000

20000

21000

GPS

alti

tude

[m]

678910111213141516171819200.113altitude

elev

atio

n an

gle

ta

ngen

t hei

ght

Abb.18: DC plot vs flight level for the fifth local flight

11

Abb.19: Corresponding observation pattern with cloud index of MIPAS on ENVISAT for local flight V Temperature profiles for all AMMA flights

Amma Transfer Verona - Ouaga

-90

-86

-82

-78

-74

-70

-66

-62

-58

-54

-50

-30-20-1001020304050Latitude [°]

Tem

p [°

C]

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

22000

GPS

alti

tude

[m]

Abb.20: Temperature on flight levels above 16 km from Verona (Lat 44.7°) to Ouagadougou (Lat 13.6°).

12

Temperature Profiles Forward Transfer Verona - Ouaga

0

3000

6000

9000

12000

15000

18000

21000

-90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30Temperature [°C]

GPS

alti

tude

[m]

FWD LEG_01_Verona

FWD LEG_01_Marrakech

FWD LEG_02_Marrakech

FWD LEG_02_Ouaga

Temperature Profiles Ouaga Local Flights I - V

0

3000

6000

9000

12000

15000

18000

21000

-90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

Temperature [°C]

GPS

alti

tude

[m]

LOC5LOC4LOC3LOC2LOC1

Abb.21: Temperature profiles for all AMMA ascents and descents in Verona, Marrakech and Ouagadougou. Calculated NESR for pre- and inflight conditions during AMMA flights

1.00E-09

1.00E-08

1.00E-07

700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

200 Per. Gleitender Durchschnitt (060801_131727_#1_in) 200 Per. Gleitender Durchschnitt (060801_105557_#1_pre)200 Per. Gleitender Durchschnitt (060801_131727_#2_in) 200 Per. Gleitender Durchschnitt (060801_105557_#2_pre)200 Per. Gleitender Durchschnitt (060801_105557_#3_pre) 200 Per. Gleitender Durchschnitt (060801_131727_#3_in)200 Per. Gleitender Durchschnitt (060804_082304_#1_pre) 200 Per. Gleitender Durchschnitt (060804_090224_#1_in)200 Per. Gleitender Durchschnitt (060804_090233_#2_in) 200 Per. Gleitender Durchschnitt (060804_090205_#3_in)200 Per. Gleitender Durchschnitt (060808_133123_#1_in) 200 Per. Gleitender Durchschnitt (060808_145811_#1_in)200 Per. Gleitender Durchschnitt (060811_171805_#1_in) 200 Per. Gleitender Durchschnitt (060813_151037_#1_in)

Abb.22: NESR in [nW/(cm2 sr cm-1)] for Channels #1, #2 and #3 on ground and inflight.

13

NESR during forward transfer flight was degrading by about 50%. This was most likely driven by the increase of instrument temperature and thus decreasing modulation efficiency, as can be seen in the pictures below:

AMMA Forward Transfer 31.7./01.08.06

-66

-64

-62

-60

-58

-56

-54

-52

-50

-48

-46

20:00 22:00 0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00

Tem

p [°

C]

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

GPS

hei

ght [

m]

T_2_OPTIKR_OT_4_OPTIKR_MT10_OPTIKR_UL_AGHEIGHT

AMMA Forward Transfer 31.07./01.08.06

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

20:00 22:00 0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00

Am

p [V

]

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

GPS

hei

ght [

m]

SINMOD_SA SINMOD_SECOSMOD_SA COSMOD_SESINMOD_PK COSMOD_PKSINDC COSDCL_AGHEIGHT

NESR forward transfer leg 1&2

4.00E-09

6.00E-09

8.00E-09

1.00E-08

1.20E-08

1.40E-08

1.60E-08

1.80E-08

2.00E-08

750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050

Wn [cm^-1]

NES

R [W

/cm

^2xs

rxcm

^-1]

200 Per. Gleitender Durchschnitt (060801_131727_#1_in) 200 Per. Gleitender Durchschnitt (060801_105557_#1_pre)200 Per. Gleitender Durchschnitt (060801_113641_#1_in) 200 Per. Gleitender Durchschnitt (060801_120628_#1_in)200 Per. Gleitender Durchschnitt (060801_141242_#1_in) 200 Per. Gleitender Durchschnitt (060731_211056_#1_pre)200 Per. Gleitender Durchschnitt (060731_221414_#1_in)

14

Cloud and temperature composites (source: http://www.ssec.wisc.edu/data/composites.html)

August 01, 2006 00:00 UTC

August 04, 2006 12:00 UTC

August 07, 2006 12:00 UTC

August 08, 2006 12:00 UTC

August 11, 2006 18:00 UTC

August 13, 2006 12:00 UTC

15

NESR at diff. vibrations - Amma Leg 1

4.00E-095.00E-096.00E-097.00E-098.00E-099.00E-091.00E-081.10E-081.20E-081.30E-081.40E-081.50E-081.60E-081.70E-081.80E-081.90E-082.00E-08

750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050

wn [cm^-1]

[W/c

m^2

xsrx

cm^-

1]200 Per. Gleitender Durchschnitt (211500) 200 Per. Gleitender Durchschnitt (212512)

200 Per. Gleitender Durchschnitt (212530) 200 Per. Gleitender Durchschnitt (212751)

200 Per. Gleitender Durchschnitt (222002)

Vib-spectra out of IFM-drive - Amma Leg1

0

4000

8000

12000

16000

20000

24000

28000

32000

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Freq [Hz]

a.u.

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

a.u.

(211

500)

212512 - just before takeoff

212530 - takeoff

222002 - cruise

212751 - climb

211500 - preflight

Vel_rms and GPS height - Amma Leg 1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

21:15:00 21:20:00 21:25:00 21:30:00 21:35:00 21:40:00 21:45:00

a.u.

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

11000

12000

13000

14000

GPS

hei

ght [

m]

IFM_DRIVE_RMSL_ACT_HEIGHT_MEAN

Amma transfer leg 1: NESR calculations for different vibration levels ─ before engines on (black), on runway (blue), at take-off (mag), during climb (green) and at cruise altitude (red) ─ and the corresponding vibration spectra derived from the interferometer drive signal. Left an overview of rms of IFM-drive vs flight altitude.

16

AMMA all flights - RMS of IFM velocity

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

0 3000 6000 9000 12000 15000

data points

rms

ifm v

eloc

ity [k

Hz]

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

GPS

hei

ght [

m]

testflight Leg01 Leg02 Loc01 Loc02 Loc03 Loc04 Loc05

AMMA all flights - Detector and Preamp Temp

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.8

3.9

4.0

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.6

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000

samples [10s/ea.]

T_D

et [K

]

208

210

212

214

216

218

220

222

224

226

228

230

232

T_Pr

eam

p [K

]

T_DETEKTOR_MEANT_IR_VVS_MEAN

17

AMMA all flights - Temp BB and Instrument

-68.00

-66.00

-64.00

-62.00

-60.00

-58.00

-56.00

-54.00

-52.00

-50.00

-48.00

-46.00

-44.00

-42.00

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000

samples {10s/ea.]

T [°

C]

T10_OPTIKR_U_MEAN

BBKALT_03_MEAN

AMMA all flights - Height and Airtemp

9000

10000

11000

12000

13000

14000

15000

16000

17000

18000

19000

20000

21000

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000

samples [10s/ea.]

GPS

hei

ght [

m]

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

Airt

emp

[°C

]

18

Impressions from Verona

19

Impressions from Ouagadougou