Amino Acids I (M.haris Lucky)FF (2)

8/17/2019 Amino Acids I (M.haris Lucky)FF (2)

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1-Explain the structure of aminoacids with dierent types of sidechain

(non-polar,polar, acidic, basic,aromatic, aliphatic)


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2- Describe with examples thefollowing classes of amino acids,their properties and theirbiomedical importance.

i. Glucogenic and ketogenic aminoacids.

ii. Non-protein amino acids. iii. Essential and non-essential amino

acids


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Amino acids are compounds thatcontain an —NH2 group and a —C2H

group


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!roteins can be broken do"n intosmaller units b# h#drol#sis, thesesmall units , monomers o$ proteinsare called as amino acids


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%ore than &'' amino acids occurnaturall#, but 2' o$ them areespeciall# important.

(hese 2' amino acids are thebuilding blocks o$ proteins. All are α-

amino acids. (he# dier in respect to the group

attached to the α carbon.


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(he properties o$ the amino acid*ar# as the structure o$ + *aries.

CC CC

OO

OO – –

RRRR

HH

HH33NN++


12/41Figure 6.2bFigure 6.2b


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orm "hen the acid group CH)o$ one amino acid oins "ith the

amine group NH2) o$ a secondamino acid

ormed through condensation

/roken through h#drol#sis


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FigureFigure


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Each amino acid is assigned a & letteror 0 letter s#mbol


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Gl#cine is the simplest amino acid.1t is the onl# one in that is achiral.

CC CC

OO

OO – –

HH

HH

HH33NN++

GlycineGlycine

(Gly or G)(Gly or G)


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CC CC

OO

OO – –

CHCH33

HH

HH33NN++

Alanine Alanine

(Ala or A)(Ala or A)


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CC CC

OO

OO – –

CH(CHCH(CH33))22

HH

HH33NN++

ValineValine

(Val or V)(Val or V)


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CC CC

OO

OO – –

CHCH22CH(CHCH(CH33))22

HH

HH33NN++

LeucineLeucine

(Leu or L)(Leu or L)


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CC CC

OO

OO – –

CHCH33CHCHCHCH22CHCH33

HH

HH33NN++

!oleucine!oleucine

(le or )(le or )


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CC CC

OO

OO – –

CHCH33"CH"CH22CHCH22

HH

HH33NN++

#e$%ionine#e$%ionine

(#e$ or #)(#e$ or #)


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&roline&roline

CC CC

OO

OO – –

CHCH22

HH

HH22NN++

HH22CC

CCHH22

(&ro or &)(&ro or &)


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&%enylalanine&%enylalanine

CC CC

OO

OO – –

CHCH22

HH

HH33NN++

(&%e or F)(&%e or F)


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'ry$o%an'ry$o%an

CC CC

OO

OO – –

CHCH22

HH

HH33NN++

NN

HH

('r or )('r or )


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A!aragine A!aragine

CC CC

OO

OO – –

HH

HH33NN++

HH22NNCCCHCH22

OO

(A!n or N)(A!n or N)


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Glu$a*ineGlu$a*ine

CC CC

OO

OO – –

HH

HH33NN++

HH22NNCCHCCH22CHCH22

OO

(Gln or )(Gln or )


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CC CC

OO

OO – –

CHCH22OHOH

HH

HH33NN++

"erine"erine

("er or ")("er or ")


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CC CC

OO

OO – –

CHCH33CHOHCHOH

HH

HH33NN++

'%reonine'%reonine

('%r or ')('%r or ')


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A!ar$ic Aci, A!ar$ic Aci,

CC CC

OO

OO – –

HH

HH33NN++

OOCCCHCH22

OO

– –

(A! or -)(A! or -)


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Glu$a*ic Aci,Glu$a*ic Aci,

CC CC

OO

OO – –

HH

HH33NN++

OOCCHCCH22CHCH22

OO

– –

(Glu or )(Glu or )


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'yro!ine'yro!ine

CC CC

OO

OO – –

CHCH22

HH

HH33NN++

OHOH

('yr or /)('yr or /)


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CC CC

OO

OO – –

CHCH22""HH

HH

HH33NN++

Cy!$eineCy!$eine

(Cy! or C)(Cy! or C)


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CC CC

OO

OO – –

CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22NNHH33

HH

HH33NN++

Ly!ineLy!ine

++

(Ly! or 0)(Ly! or 0)


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CC CC

OO

OO – –

CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22NNHHCCNNHH22

HH

HH33NN++

Arginine Arginine

++NNHH22

(Arg or R)(Arg or R)


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Hi!$i,ineHi!$i,ine

CC CC

OO

OO – –

HH

HH33NN++

CHCH22

NHNHNN

(Hi! or H)(Hi! or H)


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!( (1% HA33


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Amino Acids I (M.haris Lucky)FF (2)