AMERICAS Tikal Mayan city Chichen Itza Mayan city INDIA Vedic Age Early age of Aryan rule in India Bodhisattvas Buddhist priests Deccan Peninsula Main plateau of India Chandragupta Maurya Founder of Mauryan dynasty in India Ashoka Maurya Mauryan prince who converts to Buddhism Rock and Pillar Edicts Ashoka posts about Buddhism around his kingdom Chandra Gupta Founder of Gupta empire Sati Hindu ritual of wife burning on husband’s funeral pyre Indian Ocean Trade ocean trading routes between Africa, Middle East, and Asia Monsoon seasonal wind Mahayana Buddhism Buddha is divine Theravada Buddhism Buddha is teacher Stupa Buddhist temple Maharaja Indian prince put in power by BEIC AUSTRALIA/OCEANIA Vanuatu Early kingdom on this pacific island Fiji Settled as populations migrated from Indonesia Samoa Believed to be the center of Polynesian culture Hawaii Polynesian kingdom Polynesian The many small islands in the south Pacific Maori Original inhabitants of New Zealand Aborigine Original inhabitants of Australia CHINA Great Wall built Shi Huangdi of Qin empire Qin Shihuangdi founder of Qin dynasty Qin Legalism harsh penalties to stop crime Wu Di Han dynasty ruler Empress Lu Ruthless female emperor of Han Cao Cao Han general who managed the kingdom Tribute System Payments to China in return for not conquering Scholar-Gentry The educated bureaucracy Filial Piety allegiance to family Invention of Paper Han dynasty invention Liu Bang Founder of Han dynast Civil Service Exam Bureaucracy based on knowledge of Confucian ideals Han Technologies paper, cast iron, seismograph, stirrup, loom, wheel barrel White Huns nomadic peoples who invaded Han dynasty at its end Period of the 3 Kingdoms Period of disunity following collapse of han; Wei, Shu, Wu Wei Kingdom One of the three kingdoms after the collapse of the Han Shu Kingdom One of the three kingdoms after the collapse of the Han Wu Kingdom One of the three kingdoms after the collapse of the Han

AFRICA Trans-Saharan Trade Trade between Mediterranean, Middle East, and West Africa Great Zimbabwe Trading center in Southeast Africa Ethiopian Christian civilization in East Africa SW ASIA Cyrus the Great Persian King; expanded Persian Empire Darius the Great Persian King; ruled Persians at their peak Cambyses Persian King Xerxes I Persian King; Persian War against Greece Satraps Persian royal governors Sassanid Last Persian empire before Islam takes over Canaan Land west of Mesopotamia on Mediterranean Sea Ahura Mazda God of Zoroastrianism Mani Prophet, founder of Manichaeism EUROPE Dorians Early Greeks; defeated Mycenaeans Athens Greek city state; model for modern democracy Sparta Greek city-state; militaristic culture Polis Heart of the Greek political city-state Phalanx Disciplined Greek fighting formation using hoplites Trireme Greek sailing ship Citizen Greek male with right to vote Draco Athenian ruler known for harsh law code Solon Athenian ruler known expansion of democracy Cleisthenes Athenian ruler known for reorganizing legal system Aristocracy Ruling class; hereditary power Democracy Rule by citizen vote; direct or indirect (republic) Oligarchy Rule by a select few Greek Gods Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Demeter, Athena, Apollo, Ares, Aphrodite Persian Wars (2) Achaemenid Persia (Cyrus/Xerxes) vs. Hellenic city states 499-449BCE Pericles Athenian ruler during golden age; Delian League Marathon Battle of, 490BCE, Defeat of Persia during first Persian War Battle of Salamis Second Persian War naval battle; Athenian navy wins Delian League Greek city-states formed league to repel possible Persia invasion Sappho Greek female poet from isle of Lesbos Socrates Philosopher; Socratic method Plato Student of Socrates; The Republic Aristotle Student of Plato; Tutor to Alexander the Great Greek Art & Architecture Columns, Arches, Marble; Archaic, Classical, Hellenistic Peloponnesian War Athen vs. Sparta; Sparta won; siege of Athens Battle of Thermopylae 300 greeks hold off Persian army while navy prepares Bosporus Strait in modern turkey; crossed to get to Persia Sophocles Greek Playwright; Oediupus, Medea Virgil Roman Poet Aristophanes Greek comedic/satirical playwright The Birds, The Frogs

Illiad & Odyssey Epic Greek poems glorifying the Trojan War; Homer Homer Greek writer of Iliad and Odyssey Phillip of Macedonia Father to Alexander, ended Athenian/Spartan dominance Alexander the Great Spread Hellenistic culture through conquest Ptolemy Greek astronomer Hellenism Blend of Greek and Persian culture Stoicism Hellenistic philosophy founded in Athens by Zeno 1st Triumvirate Julius Caesar, Pompeii, Crassus; Julius emerged 2nd Triumvirate Octavian Caesar, Marc Antony, Lepidus; Octavian emerged Punic Wars Three Wars fought between Rome and Carthage over trade; ROME Hannibal Carthagian general in second Punic war against Rome; lost Roman Gods Jupiter, Neptune, Minerva, Mars, Venus, Apollo, Vulcan, Mercury Patricians Roman landowning nobility Plebians Roman common citizens Twelve Tables Written law code of Rome Paterfamilias Powerful head of Roman families Latifundia Large tract of land in the roman empire Lingua Franca Common language of government and commerce (latin) Carthage Phoenician colony that challenged Roman trade dominance Punic Wars (3) Three Wars fought between Rome and Carthage over trade; ROME “The Roman Lake” Mediterranean Sea Pompey Roman general that was defeated by Julius Caesar Crassus wealthy Roman whose death led to struggle in 1st triumvirate Julius Caesar Emerged victorious from 1st triumvirate; roman republic dictator Octavian Augustus Caesar Emerged victorious from 2nd triumvirate; roman emperor Lepidus forced out of the 2nd triumvirate by octavian Marc Antony accused of treason by Octavian so he could take power Cleopatra Rumored affair with marc antony was used against him Galen Roman known for studies in anatomy Hippocrates Roman known for studies in medicine Herodotus Roman historian- Father of modern history Livy Roman historian Rubicon River Line dividing Julius and Pompeii; Julius crosses to declare war Roman Senate Legislative body of Roman republic, “around” during empire Pax Romana Roman Peace- Augustus to Marcus Aurelius Roman Roads Linked the roman empire for trade and conquest Marcus Aurelius Last of the “good emperors”; ended Pax Romana Paganism Non-Christians Roman Christianity Becomes legal with Edict of Milan in 313 Roman Art & Architecture Arches, column, coliseums Constantine Emperor who legalized Christianity; Developed Eastern Rome Edict of Milan Legalizes Christianity in the Roman Empire 313CE Byzantium Eastern Rome; Capital at Constantinople Constantinople Capital of Eastern Rome Justinian Early Byzantine Emperor Nero Roman emperor known for Fire of Rome and Christian persecution Jesus & Disciples Founder of Christianity Division of Rome Split between western and eastern by Diocletian in 284CE

Diocletian Split Rome in east and west to strengthen east Constantinople capital of Byzantine Empire (eastern rome) Visigoths Germanic tribe; swept into Europe after fall of Rome Vandals Germanic tribe; swept into Europe after fall of Rome Attila the Hun Central Asian invader constantly threatened Roman Emprie Silk Road Overland trade Route between Europe/Asia Hadrian’s Wall Northern limit of the Roman Empire in Britain Gaul Roman term for modern day France Gothic Migrations Fall of Rome allowed Germanic tribes to sweep through Europe Mediterranean Trade Dominant trade zone during classical age