American Society of HematologyEducation Program

56th ASH® Annual Meeting and ExpositionSan Francisco, California

December 6–9, 2014

Editors

Kenneth C. Anderson, MDExecutive Editor, Hematology 2014

DirectorJerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center

Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteKraft Family Professor of Medicine

Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA

Kenneth A. Bauer, MDDeputy Editor, Hematology 2014

Hematology-Oncology DivisionBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical School

Boston, MA

Martin S. Tallman, MDDeputy Editor, Hematology 2014

Chief, Leukemia ServiceDepartment of Medicine

Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterProfessor of Medicine

Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew York, NY

Mark A. Crowther, MD, MSc, FRCPCSection Editor, Evidence-Based Reviews, Hematology 2014

Professor and Chair, Division of Hematology & ThromboembolismMcMaster University

Laboratory Medicine, St Joseph’s Healthcare and Hamilton Health SciencesHeart and Stroke Foundation

Hamilton, ONCanada

ISSN 1520-4391

Hematology, the ASH Education Program, is published annually by the American Society of Hematology (ASH) in one volume per year.

All business correspondence and purchase and reprint requests should be addressed to the American Society of Hematology, 2021 LStreet, NW, Suite 900, Washington, DC 20036, USA; phone: 202-776-0544; fax: 202-776-0545; e-mail: ASH@hematology.org.

Hematology, the ASH Education Program, is available on the Internet at http://asheducationbook.hematologylibrary.org/.

©2014 by The American Society of Hematology. All rights reserved. Copyright is not claimed in any works of the United StatesGovernment. Except as expressly permitted in this statement, no part of this publication may be used (as hereinafter defined) in anyform or by any means now or hereafter known, electronic or mechanical, without permission in writing from the Publisher, TheAmerican Society of Hematology. For purposes of this notice, the term “use” includes but is not limited to reproduction, photocopying,storage in a retrieval system, translation, and transmittal. The Publisher hereby consents to the use of this publication or any part hereoffor any non-commercial educational purpose within the health field such as classroom instruction and clinical and residency training.This publication or any part thereof may be used for educational purposes at conferences, continuing education courses, and othereducational activity, provided no fee or other compensation is charged therefore. All materials so used must acknowledge thePublisher’s copyright therein as “©2014 by The American Society of Hematology.” When requesting the Publisher’s permission to usethis publication or any part thereof, please contact the Copyright Clearance Center at 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923,USA; phone: 978-750-8400; fax: 978-750-4470; or The American Society of Hematology Publishing at 2021 L Street, NW, Suite 900,Washington, DC 20036, USA; phone: 202-776-0544; fax: 202-776-0545.

Printed in the United States of America.

Article CitationsCite articles in this volume by listing Author(s), Title, Hematology Am Soc Hematol Edu Program. 2014;2014: beginning page number-ending page number.

Hematology Rights and PermissionsTo request permission to reprint or reuse Hematology articles, figures, or tables, please visit the Hematology page at the CopyrightClearance Center (http://www.copyright.com/search.do?operation�detail&item�123161909&detailType�basic_ASH).

The publisher disclaims responsibility for opinions expressed by the authors.

Committee on Educational Affairs

Jane N. Winter, MD (’15) [Chair]Jennifer R. Brown (’17)Rodrigo T. Calado (’17)Lloyd E. Damon, MD (’15)Eldad Dann (’17)Lisa Hicks, MD, MSc, FRCPC (’14)Marc J. Kahn, MD (’14)Allison King, MD, MPH (’15)Robert I. Liem, MD (’16)Michael L. Linenberger, MD (’15)Gary H. Lyman (’17)Charles T. Quinn, MD, MS (’15)Sonali Smith, MD (’14)

Ex-Officio:David A. Williams, MD (President-Elect)Stephanie J. Lee, MD, MPH (Secretary)Charles S. Abrams, MD (’15) (Vice President)Linda J. Burns, MD (President)

Liaisons:Margaret Ragni, MD (Co-Chair, 2014 Education Program)Jonathan Friedberg, MD (Co-Chair, 2014 Education Program)Eric H. Kraut, MD (Chair, Teaching Cases Subcommittee)Steven L. Allen, MD (Chair, Committee on Practice)Keith R. McCrae, MD (Senior Editor, ASH-SAP5)David P. Steensma, MD (Junior Editor, ASH-SAP5)

Cover: Conceptual image of sickle cell anemia with red blood cells. © Stocktrek Images/Corbis

This activity is supported by an educational donation provided byMillennium: The Takeda Oncology Company.

Reviewers

The editors would like to thank the session chairs and the reviewers who worked hard to assure the reliability of the materialpresented in Hematology 2014:

Gregor AdamsPaul AdamsJack AnsellStephen M. AnsellNicole A. Aqui*Maria R. BaerJames BartonShannon M. Bates*Joanne BeckerLeif BergsagelErik BerntorpSmita Bhatia*Catherine M. Bollard*Renier J. BrentjensJoshua BrodyJames B. BusselLaura M. Calvi*Elias CampoJose CancelasMartin P. CarrollMarina Cavazzana-CalvoRobert ChenLouis ConstineNicholas C.P. CrossH. Joachim DeegFrancesco DentaliDonna DiMicheleJorge DiPaola*Christopher Doering*Dan DouerAndrew EvansAndrew L. FeldmanCharles FrancisTomas GanzChezi GanzelDavid A. Garcia*Randy D. GascoyneJoan Cox GillSergio GiraltAjay K. Gopal*Jason R. GotlibIan GreerDavid GrimwadeChristine J. HarrisonMatthew Heeney*Olivier Hermine

Roland W. HerzogHelen E. HeslopDavid C. HodgsonTimothy P. HughesStephen P. HungerElaine JaffeAndra JamesPaula D. JamesRichard KaufmanClive KearonChristine L. Kempton*Nigel S. Key*Rami S. KomrokjiBarbara A. Konkle*Peter A. KouidesLakshmanan KrishnamurtiRebecca Kruse-JarresJanet L. KwiatkowskiMichele P. LambertCaroline LaverdiereAgnes Y. Lee*Ross L. LevineDavid LillicrapWendy LimMichael L. LinenbergerSagar LonialMichael LubbertFrancois-Xavier MahonPeter MartinMichael J. Mauro*Ruben Mesa*Caterina P. MinnitiKaren MoffatRobert R. MontgomeryAllison J. MoskowitzAnne T. Neff*Ellis J. NeufeldYasuhiro OkiRobert Z. Orlowski*Thomas OrtelIngrid PabingerJulie A. PanepintoKarl S. PeggsMichael PfreundschuhSteven PipeKathleen P. Pratt

Jerald P. RadichMargaret V. RagniA. Koneti RaoFarhad RavandiDelphine ReaKaty RezvaniLisa Rimsza*Gail J. Roboz*Matthew RondinaDavide RossiJ. Evan SadlerDavid T. ScaddenAlvin H. SchmaierJoseph SchwartzUri SeligsohnWon Seog KimDeborah M. SiegalLeslie E. Silberstein*Lewis B. Silverman*Steven R. SloanKim Smith-Whitley*Gerard SocieKeith StewartKendra SweetSteven H. Swerdlow*Ayalew TefferiAlexis A. ThompsonAndre TichelliKensei TobinaiArmando TripodiSaad Z. UsmaniDaniele VallisaSrdan VerstovsekEunice S. Wang*Donna M. WeberDaniel J. WeisdorfJeff I. WeitzAndrew S. Weyrich*William G. WierdaWyndham H. WilsonNaomi WinickZhi-Zhang YangKarina YazdanbakhshGuy YoungClive Zent*Jeffrey I. Zwicker

* indicates Session Chair

iv American Society of Hematology