AMERICAN REVOLUTIONStandards

8.25-8.26

JOHN ADAMS

• Second President after earlier serving as 1st Vice President

• American Lawyer- defended British at Boston Massacre

• Author, statesman, and diplomat

• Founding Father was a principle leader of American independence from Britain

THOMAS JEFFERSON

• Founding Father

• Principle author of Declaration of Independence

• Served in the Continental Congress

• First Secretary of State

• 3ed President of United States

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

• Statement adopted by the Continental Congress in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 4, 1776 which announced that the 13 colonies, then at war with Great Britain, regarded themselves as 13 newly independent sovereign states and no longer part of the British Empire. Approving this document formed a new nation, the United States of America.

THOMAS PAINE'S “THE CRISIS”

• Pre revolutionary war pamphlets distributed by 18th century Enlightment philosopher Thomas Paine advocating separation from Great Britain and starting our own country.

• Paine signed these pamphlets with the pseudonym “Common Sense”

NANCY WARD

• Beloved woman of the Cherokee tribe. Beloved woman title means she was allowed to sit in councils and to make decisions along with Indian chiefs.

• She believed in a peaceful coexistence with Americans.

• Peace negotiator and ambassador.

• Introduced farming and dairy production to Cherokees.

WHO HAD THE ADVANTAGE?

Britain

• Strong Navy

• Well trained army

• Wealth of their country

• More population

Colonists• Weak navy

• No regular army

• Military force mostly militia

• Not all Americans supported the struggle for independence

• Fighting for freedom from Britain to become our own country.

WHO’S WHO?

What is the difference between a Patriot and a Loyalist?

RICHARD HENDERSON

• American pioneer and merchant

• Attempted to create a colony called Transylvania

• Associated with Transylvania Land Company

• Negotiated the purchase of Kentucky and Middle Tennessee knowing it was a violation of the Proclamation Line.

CUMBERLAND COMPACT

• Forerunner of Tennessee State Constitution

• 12 judges elected by free men

• Judges COULD be removed from office by the people

FAMOUS QUOTES

• John Paul Jones-”I have not yet begun to fight”.

• Nathan Hale- Captured spy that said right before his hanging “I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country “.

FOREIGN INFLUENCE

• Marquis de La Fayette-Frenchman who served with Gen. Washington without pay because he believed the American cause represented the future of humankind.

• Friedrich von Steuben-From Prussian army helped train soldiers at Valley Forge.

• George Rogers Clark- Virginia native who was the highest ranking American military officer on the northwestern front during Revolutionary War.

• Francis Marion-Father of guerrilla warfare. The movie “ The Patriot “ was partially based on his life.

BATTLE OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD

• First military engagement of the American Revolutionary War

• Marked the outbreak of open armed conflict between Great Britain and the 13 colonies.

• Paul Revere and his famous ride through the streets yelling “ the British are coming!”

• 2 other riders shouting warnings were William Dawes and Samuel Prescott

CAPTURE OF FORT TICONDEROGA

• Green Mountain Boys led by Ethan Allen and Colonel Benedict Arnold

• Essex County New York

• Continental army won an enormous victory that changed the course of the war.

BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL

• Early battle in Revolutionary War.

• Britain had almost 2 times the troops as the colonists.

• The battle showed Britain more troops were needed to win the war. They sent 32,000 more troops after this battle.

• Most fighting was done on Breed’s Hill.

• Americans had 400 casualties and the British 1,054 casualties giving the Americans great confidence.

BREEDS HILL

Actual location of the Battle of Bunker Hill.

BATTLE OF TRENTON

• Small but pivotal battle during American Revolutionary War.

• General George Washington’s army crossed the icy Delaware River and defeated Hessian mercenaries on Dec. 26, 1776.

• Washington had to promise a bounty of $10 if his men stayed on for another 6 weeks since most of the troops enlistment was up at the end of 1776.

• The result was the British were forced to abandon most of their positions in New Jersey.

BATTLE OF PRINCETON

• At dawn on January 3, 1777 Washington arrived and defeated British Major General Lord Cornwallis forces near Princeton New Jersey.

• Important American victory in Revolutionary War.

BATTLE OF SARATOGA

• Turning point of the revolutionary war.

• British General Burgoyne’s army surrendered to American troops in their march down from Lake Champlain toward Albany and Fort Ticonderoga.

• 86% of Burgoyne’s command was captured including arms were captured.

• This victory gave the French the confidence in the American cause to become an American ally in the form of financial and military support.

VALLEY FORGE

• Military camp in Pennsylvania where the American Continental Army spent the winter of 1777-1778. Starvation, disease, malnutrition and exposure killed over 2500 American Soldiers by the end of February 1778.

BATTLE OF KING’S MOUNTAIN

• American Patriots defeat British Loyalists on the South Carolina border.

• Turning point of the war “ in the south “.

• Battle ended British advancement into North Carolina.

• Brought new support for independence from southerners.

BATTLE OF YORKTOWN

• American and French troops laid siege to the British army at Yorktown, Virginia.

• British General Lord Cornwallis surrenders 9,000 troops.

• Final Battle of the American revolution as the British began peace negotiations shortly after the American victory.

GEORGE WASHINGTON

• Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War.

BENEDICT ARNOLD

• General during American Revolution

• Originally fought for the American Continental Army.

• Defected to British Army after taking his second wife Peggy Shippen, the daughter of a loyalist sympathizer.

• The name Benedict Arnold is associated with the title of “ traitor “.

HESSIANS

• German mercenaries employed by the British during the American revolution.