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American Red Cross First Aid/CPR/AED For Schools & the Community. Lay Responder (non-professional) . Deciding to Act. Consent to give first aid Actual consent- Implied consent-. Good Samaritan Law Article. How many states have enacted this law? Why was it DEVELOPED? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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American Red CrossFirst Aid/CPR/AED
For Schools & the Community
Lay Responder(non-professional)
Deciding to Act• Consent to give first aid
• Actual consent-• Implied consent-
- definition -if its an adult- child with and without parent-mentally competent/non-mentally competent
Good Samaritan Law Article1. How many states have enacted this
law?2. Why was it DEVELOPED?3. What does the law protect you
from?4. What doesn’t the law protect you
from?5. List the 5 things you must do so the
law will protect you?
Do No Further Harm Article1. List the 3 reasons you would have
to move an injured victim?2. What should you AVOID when you
are moving an injured victim?3. What is the proper technique
called to move an unconscious or severely injured victim.
Universal Precautions p. 711
• Universal Precautions-• 1. • 2.• 3.• Follow any situation with possible
contact with blood and other bodily fluids.
Emergency Action Principles ( 3C’s)
• Check– Scene
• Safe?• Clues• # of victims• Bystanders to help
– Victim• Injuries• Life threatening conditions
– Unconscious– Trouble breathing– Chest pain or pressure– No pulse– Bleeding severely
• Call– 911 or local emergency # for
ambulance & get an AED if available– Give
• Exact location• Telephone #• What happened• # and condition of victims• What help is being given• DON’T HANG UP TILL DISPATCHER DOES!
• Care for victim– Life threatening injuries 1st ( ABCS)
– Less severe– Help victim stay calm, relaxed
Checking Conscious Adult1. State your name,
certifications,obtain consent and ask what happened.
2. Check for life threatening injuries, from head to toe. (A,B,C,S)
3. Do not ask the victim to move and do not move the victim.
4. Look for a medical alert tag and ask questions.
5. Call 911 or have someone call if serious.
Position Terms:
• Supine - On their back
• Prone- Face down
• Recovery- On the side( roll as one unit, no twisting.
Checking Unconscious Adult See text pg 7231. Check the scene2. Tap & Shout“Are you alright?”3. “Go call 911.” & get AED4. Check for Signs of Life (A, B, C’ S)
– Open airway Head Tilt Chin Lift (tilt head back, lift chin) listen for breathing no more than 10sec.•If suspect back, neck or head injury Do not Tilt Neck
– Breathing: recovery position
Choking Terms P.725• Partial Airway Obstruction- when a
victim can partially move air to and from the lungs, cough, & speak.
• Complete Airway Obstruction- When a victim can no longer speak, cough, breath.– Universal distress Signal-
Conscious Choking Adult ( Breathing Emergencies)• 1. GET CONSENT• 2. Call 911 & get an AED• 3. Give 5 Back Blows• 4. Give 5 Abdominal thrusts• 5. Alternate until choking stops or they become
unconscious.– Stand behind victim– Find belly button– Make fist with other hand– Place thumb side of fist against middle of victims abdomen
(just above belly button) – Grab fist with other hand– Quick upward thrusts– CONTINUE UNTIL- object is up, victim can breath, coughs on
own, or victim becomes unconscious* Chest Thrusts- obese, pregnant females
If you are alone & Choking1. Give yourself abdominal Thrusts2. Use the back of a tall chair to
perform the thrusts for you.3. Call 911 from a land line
phone( they will trace call)
Unconscious Choking - Find hand placement ( heal middle of
sternum)5. 30 chest compressions( at least 2in deep)6. 2 Rescue Breaths 7. If breaths don’t go in, RE-TILT & TRY AGAIN8. 30 chest compressions9. LOOK FOR OBJECT10. 2 more breaths11. Continue with cycles
How to Give A Rescue Breath
• 1. Head Tilt Chin Lift (open airway) and pinch nose.
• 2. Give a slow breath with a complete seal (each breath should last 1 sec.)
• 3. Watch the chest rise
• Gastric Distention- when you ventilate( breath) too hard and the air skips the lungs and goes into the stomach.
Unconscious Choking Adult• Stop cycles if
– Object removed– Chest rises with rescue breaths
• Check for signs of circulation • If none continue with compressions and breaths
– Victim starts breathing on own– EMS arrives & takes over– Someone else takes over– If you are too exhausted to continueAfter 5 Cycles Re-check for SIGNS OF LIFE
If you DO NOT know they are choking
After the first set of rescue breathes for an ADULT & the breaths DO NOT go in
-YOU REPOSITION & TRY THE BREATHS AGAIN!
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)• See text pg 734
• No Signs of Life, No AED, Unconscious
• Adult- 12 years or older– Place yourself midway between
the head & chest (kneeling)
CPR• 1. Give 30 Chest Compressions
– At least 2 inches deep– Takes about 18 sec (rate of approx 100 per min)
• 2. Give 2 rescue breaths – Lasts about 1 sec each
– Continue sets of 30 compressions & 2 breaths for 2mins or 5 cycles then re-check for signs of life.
• Once CPR is started continue until– See signs of life– Scene is unsafe– AED available– Too exhausted– Someone takes over
Cardiac Chain of Survival• 4 links
1. Early recognition and access to emergency system- call 911
2. Early CPR- keeps blood and oxygen flow to organs, prevents brain damage and death3. Early Defibrillation- Automated External Defibrillator (AED)- Electronic shock to heart4. Early Advanced Life support- Paramedics
Hearts Electrical SystemThe hearts electrical system sends out
signals to pump blood, but if the heart is damaged by a disease or injury the electrical system can be disrupted.
- Fibrillation- most common abnormal heart rhythm that causes sudden cardiac arrest occurs when ventricles quiver.
Hearts electrical system continued..• Ventricle Fibrillation or V-Fib-
electrical impulses fire at random• Ventricular tachycardia (V-Tach)-
electrical system tells ventricles to contract too quickly
Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
• Child (1-8 or less than 55lbs) pediatric pads• Do not use in water• Cell phone at least 6ft. away• Can use with a pace maker• Remove clothing on chest & wipe chest• Remove nitroglycerin pads• AED will talk you through procedures**FOR EVRY MINUTE THE AED IS NOT IN USE
IT DECREASES THE CHANCE OF SURVIVAL BY 10%
AED Steps1. TURN ON AED
AND JUST SIT AND LISTEN TO DIRECTIONS……1. Remove clothing from chest/wipe chest dry2. Place Electrode pads on person’s chest3. Plug in connecter 3. Analyzing rhythm, stand clear4. Shock advised5. Push shock 6. Start 5 cycles of CPR7. Re-analyzing rhythm stand clear
Recognizing a heart attack p.739• Heart Attack- death of cardiac muscle to
the heart due to a blockage• Signs ( most people ignore or deny)
– Chest discomfort or pain (may spread to other body areas)
– Sweating– Nausea– Shortness of breath– General ill feeling
• Deaths are reduced by recognizing early symptoms of heart attack
Cardiac Arrest• Cardiac Arrest- when the heart stops following a
heart attack/blockage
Sudden Cardiac Arrest- is when the heart stops beating suddenly & unexpectedly, when this happens bloods stop flowing to all vital organs
• Respiratory Arrest- when breathing stops
Each year there are approx. 300,000 cardiac arrests outside of the hospital. 2000 of those
occur under the age of 25 & lead to premature death.
Clinical & Biological DeathThe best chance of survival is
within the first 4 mins.• Clinical Death- after breathing &
circulation have stopped you have 4-6 minutes of stored oxygen before your cells begin to die.
• Biological Death- after 10 minutes, brain activity stops.
Injuries • Check
– Scene– Victim
• Life threatening• Head to toe
• Call 911• Care
– Give care until help arrives
Injuries• Types
– Wounds/ Burns (Soft Tissue)– Muscle, Bone, & Joint
Muscles, Bones, & Joints pg. 716• Muscles
– Strain: tearing or stretching of muscles or tendons• Tendons- strong fibers that attach muscle to
bone• Bones
– Fracture: a break, chip, or crack in a bone• Types:
– Open (compound)– Closed (simple)
• Deformity, snap, and pain may be present
Muscles, Bones, & Joints Pg. 717• Joints
– Sprain: tearing of ligaments at a joint• Wrist, knee, ankle, & finger• Ligaments- strong, tough, soft tissue bands that attach
bone to bone
– Dislocation: the movement of a bone out of its position in the joint. Usually caused by a violent force tearing the ligaments that hold the bone in place.
• Finger– Apply ice, immobilize and go to doctor– **** Do not try to pull it out
Muscles, Bones, & Joints
• Signs of severe injury:– Can not move or use body part– A snap or a pop is heard– Bone is visible– Significant bruising, swelling, or
deformity
Care for Muscle, Bone & Joint Injuries PG. 717
• R- Rest• I- Immobilization • C- Cold
Apply ice for up to 72 hours• 20 min on 20 min off
• E- Elevate
** Keep part immobile, if have to move victim, 1st splint injury. Do not elevate a severe injury unless it has been splinted
Immobilizing Muscle, Bone & Joint Injuries PG. 716
• Splint: • Types
• Anatomical- Splinting an uninjured body part to an injured body part.
• Ex’s-• Soft- • Ex’s-• Rigid-• Ex’s-
Guidelines to Splinting• Only if victim must be moved• Only if you can do without causing
more pain• Splint in position you found it• Splint above and below site of injury• Check for proper circulation before
and after splinting (feeling, warmth, & color)
Steps to Splinting
1.Support injured area2.Check circulation3.Place splint4.Tie splint in place5.Recheck circulation
Care for Wounds (External Bleeding)
Pg. 740• Minor Wounds
– Cleaned & covered– Open Wounds
• Control bleeding• Prevent infection
– Clean & cover– Closed Wounds
• Apply cold• Major Wounds
– Call “911” and control bleeding
Wounds 740• Bruise• Incision• Laceration• Abrasion• Avulsion
* If you cut off a finger you would put it in_______ and take it with you.
• PunctureInfection-
Bleeding• Use Latex Gloves
• Arterial- bright red (oxygenated)• Venous- darker blood
** Approximately 2 pint per 25 pounds
Clues to Internal Bleeding• Tender, swollen, bruised or hard areas
of the body• Cool, moist, pale or bluish skin• Vomiting or coughing up blood• Excessive thirst• Confused, faint, drowsy, or unconscious
** Serious Internal Bleeding- Call “911” immediately
Control Bleeding Pg. 7421. Cover with a dressing and press
firmly using Direct Pressure2. Elevate Injury
3. If bleeding doesn’t stop– Add additional dressings over top
Shock (see text pg 733)• Circulatory system fails to deliver
blood to all parts of the body• Life threatening condition
• Types– Insulin– Traumatic (sudden injury)– Anaphylactic (sting, medication,
seafood etc.)
Shock• Signals of Traumatic Shock
– Restlessness or irritability– Altered consciousness– Pale, cool, moist skin– Looks disoriented– Rapid breathing– Rapid pulse– Dilated pupils
Caring for Shock
• Lie down and rest• Control external bleeding• Maintain normal body temp• Elevate legs if injuries allow• Make sure advanced help is on the
way
Seizure P. 712• Seizure
– Do not hold or restrain victim– Do not place anything in their mouth
( unless trained)– Remove objects that may cause injury– Cushion head/place something under
head– PUT IN RECOVERY POSITION? WHY?
Sudden Illness Pg. 712• Stroke• Diabetic Emergency
– Help victim remain calm & get medication
• Poisoning/ Allergic Reactions– Call 911 & Poison Control #
Caring for Sudden Illnesses• Care for life threatening conditions• Have victim rest in comfortable position• Keep from getting chilled or over heated• No food or water• Reassure victim• Send someone to meet EMS• Ask about medical conditions & medications• Monitor, try to minimize risk of shock• Watch for changes in consciousness or
breathing