American National Standard for Public Swimming Pools · iii ©2014 The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals Foreword This Foreword is not part of the American National Standard

ANSI/APSP/ICC-1 2014

American National Standard for

Public Swimming PoolsApproved August 28, 2013


Standard for Public Swimming Pools

SECRETARIAT:

Association of Pool & Spa Professionals 2111 Eisenhower Avenue Alexandria, VA 22314 703 838-0083 www.APSP.org

Approved August 28, 2013 American National Standards Institute

©2014 The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals ii

Important Notice about this Document

This voluntary standard has been developed under the published procedures of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). The ANSI process brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus.

APSP does not write the standards. Rather, APSP facilitates a forum for its members, and others interested in pool and spa design and safety, to develop standards through the consensus procedures of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). While the APSP administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its codes and standards.

In issuing and making this document available, the APSP is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity. Nor is the APSP undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. The APSP disclaims liability for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication of, use of, or reliance on this document.

The APSP has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. The APSP does not list, certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for compliance with this document. Any certification or other statement of compliance with the requirements of this document shall not be attributable to the APSP. Any certification of products stating compliance with requirements of this document is the sole responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement. The APSP, its members, and those participating in its activities do not accept any liability resulting from compliance or noncompliance with the provisions given herein, for any restrictions imposed on materials, or for the accuracy and completeness of the text.

Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstance. It is assumed and intended that spa users will exercise appropriate personal judgment and responsibility and that public spa owners and operators will create and enforce rules of behavior and warnings appropriate for their facility.

Copyright Notice

Copyright ©2014 by The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals, 2111 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, VA 22314-4695. Printed in the United States of America. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transcribed or transmitted, in any form or by any means or method, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or otherwise, without advance written permission from the publisher: The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals, 2111 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, VA 22314-4695.

“APSP,” “The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals,” and the APSP logo are trademarks of The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals.

American National StandardApproval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standard developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity.

Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved this standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards.

The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard.

NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard.

iii ©2014 The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals

Foreword

This Foreword is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/APSP/ICC-1 2014. It is included for information only.

The ANSI/APSP/ICC-1 2014, Standard for Public Swimming Pools was approved by ANSI on August 28, 2013, as a revision of ANSI/APSP-1 2003, Standard for Public Swimming Pools.

The objective of this voluntary standard is to provide recommended minimum guidelines for the design, equipment, operation, and installation of new construction and renovation of public pools for builders, installers, and pool operators. It also is intended to assist government and other regulatory bodies in the development, promulgation, and enforcement of public pool criteria.

The design requirements and construction practices in this standard are based upon sound engineering principles, research and field experience that, when applied properly, contribute to the delivery and installation of a safe product.

The words “safe” and “safety” are not absolutes. While the goal of this standard is to design and construct a safe, enjoyable product, it is recognized that risk factors cannot, as a practical matter, be reduced to zero in any human activity. This standard does not replace good judgment and personal responsibility. In permitting use of the pool, spa, swim spa or portable spa by others, owners must consider the skill, attitude, training and experience of the expected user.

As with any product, the specific recommendations for installation and use provided by the manufacturer should be carefully observed.

This standard was prepared by the APSP-1 Writing Committee of the Association of Pool and Spa Professionals (APSP) in accordance with American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Essential Requirements: Due process requirements for American National Standards.

Consensus approval was achieved by a ballot of the balanced APSP Standards Consensus Committee and through an ANSI Public Review process. The ANSI Public Review provided an opportunity for additional input from indus-try, academia, regulatory agencies, safety experts, state code and health officials, and the public at large.

Suggestions for improvement of this standard should be sent to the Association of Pool and Spa Professionals, 2111 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, VA 22314.

This standard is published in partnership with the International Code Council (ICC). ICC develops and publishes the International Building Code (IBC) and International Residential Code (IRC), which are adopted as the basis for the building codes used in most states and jurisdictions within the United States. Additionally, APSP and ICC have collaborated to develop the first comprehensive model swimming pool and spa code, known as the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code. This landmark document incorporates and references material from ANSI/APSP standards and ICC’s model codes, to create a stand-alone code that is consistent with codes and standards from both organizations.

These codes and standards are the result of a joint effort between ICC and APSP as a service to both the swimming pool and spa community, and building code professionals. It is the hope of both organizations that they will lead to enhanced safety for pool and spa users around the world.


©2014 The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals iv

Organizations Represented

Consensus approval in accordance with ANSI procedures was achieved by ballot of the following APSP Standards Consensus Committee. Inclusion in this list does not necessarily imply that the organization concurred with the submittal of the proposed standard to ANSI.

ProducersAll American Custom Pools & Spas, Inc . . . John RomanoCustom Pools, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scott HeusserGary Pools, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leif ZarsHayward Industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John O’HareHornerXpress South Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . Bill KentMaster Spas Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nathan CoelhoRosebrook Carefree Pools, Inc . . . . . . . . . . John BentlyTrilogy Pools Div. of Viking Pools LCC . . . . . Ted BaudendistelS.R. Smith, LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bill SvendsenVan Kirk & Sons, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Don Cesarone

General InterestAmerican Hotel & Lodging Association . . . . Tony MendezAmerican Red Cross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connie HarveyChesapeake Aquatic Consultants, LLC . . . . Frank GoldsteinCon-Serv Associates Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wally JamesConroe Independent School District, TX . . . Louis Sam FruiaDon Witte Consultant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Don WitteNational Environmental Health Association (NEHA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florence HigginsWalt Disney Parks and Resorts . . . . . . . . . . Michael BeattyWorld Waterpark Association . . . . . . . . . . . Rick RootYMCA of the USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Albert Tursi

Government/UserCity of Martinsville, VA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kris BridgesCity of Mount Dora, FL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tom AllenFairfax County, VA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marc MordueGreen Oak Charter Township . . . . . . . . . . . Wayne Jewell Illinois Department of Public Health . . . . . . Justin DeWittInternational Code Council . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lee CliftonNew Jersey Dept. of Community Affairs Division of Codes and Standards . . . . . . . . Thomas PitcherelloNorth Carolina Building Office Office of State Fire Marshall . . . . . . . . . . . . Helen DiPietroOregon Public Health Division . . . . . . . . . . Stephen KeiferWashington State Dept. of Health . . . . . . . Gary Fraser

U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission Mark Eilbert **non-voting

In accordance with American National Standards Institute (ANSI) procedures, this document will be reviewed periodically. The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals welcomes your comments and suggestions, and continues to review all APSP standards, which include:

ANSI/APSP/ICC-1 2014 Standard for Public Swimming PoolsANSI/APSP-2 1999 Standard for Public SpasANSI/APSP/ICC-3 2014 Standard for Permanently Installed

Residential SpasANSI/APSP/ICC-4 a 2013 Standard for Aboveground/Onground

Residential Swimming PoolsANSI/APSP/ICC-5 2011 Standard for Residential Inground

Swimming PoolsANSI/APSP/ICC-6 2013 Standard for Residential Portable Spas

and Swim SpasANSI/APSP/ICC-7 2013 Standard for Suction Entrapment Avoidance

in Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, Spas, Hot Tubs, and Catch Basins

ANSI/APSP/ICC-8 2005 (R2013) Model Barrier Code for Residential Swimming Pools, Spas and Hot Tubs

ANSI/APSP-9 Standard for Aquatic Recreation Facilities (in progress)ANSI/APSP-11 2009 Standard for Water Quality in Public Pools

and SpasANSI/APSP/ICC-14 2011 Standard for Portable Electric Spa

Energy EfficiencyANSI/APSP/ICC-15-a 2013 Standard for Residential Pool and Spa

Energy EfficiencyANSI/APSP-16 2011 Suction Fittings for Use in Swimming Pools,

Wading Pools, Spas, and Hot TubsAPSP 2013 Workmanship Standards for Swimming Pools and Spas

APSP-1 Writing CommitteeUnited States Diving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Donald Leas, ChairAmerican Hotel & Lodging Association / Wyndham Worldwide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tony MendezAnderson Poolworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dana AndersonChaiken Ultimate Pools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kyle H. ChaikenCon-Serv Associates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Wally JamesDynasty Pools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jeff MitchellIllinois Department of Public Health . . . . . . . Craig Steinheimer, P.E.Legalpools.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Derek DowneyMill Bergen Pools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Robert BlandaNSF International . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Richard A. MartinParagon Pools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Joseph VassalloSunbelt Pools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Robert J. MorganTolomato Community Development District . Lee HovisU.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission .Mark Eilbert

APSP StaffBernice Crenshaw, Director, Technical and StandardsCarvin DiGiovanni, Senior Director, Technical and Standards

v ©2014 The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals

Contents

Sections Page

American National Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iiForeword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Code compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 General design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Dimensional design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Decks and deck equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Circulation systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810 Pumps and motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811 Inlet and outlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 912 Surface skimming systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 913 Electrical and illumination requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1014 Heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1015 Water supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1116 Waste water disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1217 Sanitizing equipment, chemical feeders and chemical

operational parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1218 Specific safety features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1319 Dressing facilities (Classes A and B only) . . . . . . . . . . . . 1520 Visitor and spectators areas (Classes A and B only) . . . . 1521 Food consumption (Classes A and B only) . . . . . . . . . . . 1622 Operation and management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1623 Entries, exits, pool stairs, swimouts, underwater benches

and special features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1724 Signage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Tables Page

6.2 Construction tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.2.2 Minimum diving water envelopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.8 Maximum User Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.1.6 Typical minimum drainage slopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.1.1 Turnover Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7B-1 Velocity Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-10B-2 Maximum Flow Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-11

Figures 6.2.2 Construction dimensions for water envelopes for

Class B and C pools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.3.5 Maximum allowable wall slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423.1.5 Minimum diving water envelope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1723.2 Pool stairs, side view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1724.1 Example of signage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19B Velocity in different pipe sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-10D Layers of Protection for a public pool . . . . . . . . . . . .A-14E Examples of No Diving signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-15F APSP safety brochures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-16

AppendicesA Chemical Operational Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-1B Velocity Limits in APSP Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-10C Safety Considerations and Warning Recommendations .A-12D Layers of Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-14E Signage Warning Against Shallow Water Diving . . . . . . .A-15F Safety Brochures and Education Programs . . . . . . . . . .A-16G Use of Elemental Chlorine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-17H Suction Entrapment Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-19I English Standard-Metric Conversion Tables . . . . . . . . . .A-20J Sources of Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-21

1 ©2014 The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals



1 Scope

1.1 Public swimming pools. This standard covers public swimming pools to be used for swimming, bathing, competitive activities, or recreational activities and operated by an owner, lessee, operator, licensee, or concessionaire, regardless of whether a fee is charged for use.

1.1.1 Public swimming pools covered by this standard. Public swimming pools covered by this standard include the following:

1.1.1.1 Class A pools. Any pool intended for use for accredited competitive aquatic events such as Federation Internationale De Natation (FINA), USA Swimming, USA Diving, USA Synchro-nized Swimming, USA Water Polo, National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS). The use of the pool is not limited to competitive events.) 1.1.1.2 Class B pools. Any pool, not otherwise classi-fied, intended for public recreational use. 1.1.1.3 Class C pools. Semi-public pools. Any pool operated solely for and in conjunction with lodgings such as hotels, motels, apartments, condominiums.)1.1.1.4 Class F pools. Class F pools are wading pools and are covered within the scope of this standard as set forth in Sections 6.9 and 8.4.2 and as noted in other sections of the standard.

1.2 Variation in design. This standard provides specifica-tions for the design, equipment, operation, warning signs, installation, sanitation, new construction, and renovation of public swimming pools. This standard permits variations in equipment, materials, and design to accommodate special needs and consider-ations and advances in technology and to provide the required quality, strength, durability, and safety for the intended use. 1.3 Renovation. Renovation does not include ordinary maintenance. Only those items that are renovated shall adhere to this standard. (See Section 3 Definitions)

2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions that, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this American National Standard. At the time of publi-cation, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this American National Standard are encour-aged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated at right.

Standard for Public Swimming Pools

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Accessibility guidelines for buildings and facilities; recreation facilities 1

ACI 302.1 R-04 (2004), Guide for concrete floor and slab construction 2

ANSI/APSP-2 1999 Standard for Public Spas 3

ANSI/NSF 50 (2012), Circulation system components and related materials for swimming pools, spas/hot tubs 4

ANSI/NSF 14 (2012), Plastics piping system components and related materials 5

ANSI/NEMA-MG1-2007, Motors and generators 6

ANSI/APSP/ICC-7 2013 Standard for Suction Entrapment Avoidance in Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, Spas, Hot Tubs, and Catch Basins 7

ANSI/APSP-16 2011 Standard for Suction Fittings for Use in Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs 8

ANSI/NFPA 70: National Electrical Code, 2014 9

ANSI Z21.56-2013/CSA 4.7-2013, Gas fired pool heaters 10

UL 1261 (2001), Standard for electric water heaters for pools and tubs 11

UL 1995 (2011), Standard for heating and cooling equipment 12 ANSI/NFPA 54/ANSI Z223.1 2012, National Fuel Gas Code 13

ANSI/NFPA 58 2014, Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code 14 ASME A112.1.2 (2012), Air gaps in plumbing systems 15

ANSI/APSP-11 2009 Standard for Water Quality in Public Pools and Spas 16

ANSI Z535 series for safety signs and colors (5 standards) (2011) 17

ASTM F2208-08, Standard specification for pool alarms 18

ASTM 1346-91(2010), Standard performance specification for safety covers and labeling requirements for all covers for swimming pools, spas, and hot tubs 19

1. U.S. Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board, 1331 F Street, NW, Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20004, (202) 272-0080, www.access-board.gov

2. American Concrete Institute, 38800 Country Club Drive, Farmington Hills, MI 48331, (248) 848-3800, www.concrete.org

3, 7, 8, The Association of Pool and Spa Professionals, 2111 Eisenhower16. Avenue, Alexandria, VA 22314, (703) 838-0083, www.APSP.org 4, 5. NSF International, 789 N. Dixboro Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48113

(734) 769-8010, www.nsf.org 6. The Association of Electrical Equipment and Medical Imaging

Manufacturers (NEMA), 1300 N. 17th Street, Suite 1847, Rosslyn, VA 22209 (703) 841-3200, www.nema.org

9, 13, National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch14. Park, Quincy, MA 02269 (617) 770-3000, www.nfpa.org 10, 17. American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 West 43rd

Street, New York, NY 10036, NY (212) 642-4900, www.ansi.org 11, 12. Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Road,

Northbrook, IL 60062, (847) 272-8800, www.ul.com 15. American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), 3 Park

Avenue, 20th Floor, New York, NY 10016, (212) 591-8562, www.asme.org

18, 19. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, W. Conshohocken, PA 19428, (610) 832-9585, www.astm.org


©2014 The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals 2

3 Definitions

Public swimming pools are classified as follows for pur-poses of reference and application of this standard: Class A pools: Class A pools are pools intended for use for

accredited competitive aquatic events such as Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA), USA Swimming, USA Diving, USA Synchronized Swimming, USA Water Polo, National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), National Federation of State High School Associations NFHS), etc. The pool may also be used for recreation. Class A pools are covered unless otherwise noted in the body of the standard.

Class B pools: Class B pools are pools intended for public recreational swimming not otherwise classified. Class B pools are covered within the scope of this standard.

Class C pools: Class C pools are pools intended for use for apartments, condominiums, property owners associations, multi-family owned pools, etc. and are covered within the scope of this standard. Pools operated solely for and in conjunction with lodgings such as hotels and motels are also covered within the scope of this standard.

Class D pools: Class D pools are not covered within the scope of this standard. Class D pools are operated for special purposes, including but not limited to wave action pools, activity pools, leisure rivers, vortex pools, and sand bottom pools.

Class E pools: Class E pools are pools used for physical therapy and are above 86 °F (30 °C) and are not covered within the scope of this standard.

Class F pools: Class F pools are wading pools and are covered within the scope of this standard as set forth in Sections 6.9 and 8.4.2, and as noted in other sections of this standard.

remodel: To install cosmetic changes, accessory add-ons, alterations, or modernizations to a commercial installation. See Renovate.

renovate: To restore or repair all or part of a pool structure and/or its component parts, including the rebuilding and/or replacing of worn or broken parts. See Remodel.

slip-resisting: A surface that has been so treated or constructed to significantly reduce the chance of a user slipping. The surface shall not be an abrasion hazard.

4 Code compliance

4.1 Codes. Pools covered by this standard shall be constructed and operated to comply with all local, state, and federal codes governing safety and environmental regulations.

5 General design

5.1 Plans and permits. Prior to construction, remodeling, or renovation of a permanently installed public swim-ming pool, plans and specifications shall be submitted to the authority (state or local) for review, approval, and issuance of a permit to construct, remodel, or renovate as required by the authority having jurisdiction.

5.2 Materials. Swimming pools and all appurtenances thereto shall be constructed of materials that are nontoxic to humans and the environment; that are generally or commonly regarded to be impervious and enduring; that will withstand the design stresses; and that will provide a watertight structure with a smooth and easily cleanable surface without cracks or joints, (excluding structural joints), or to which a smooth, easily cleanable surface/finish is applied or attached.

5.2.1 Use of sand. Clean sand or similar material, if used in a beach or pool environment, shall be used only over an impervious surface. The sand area shall be designed and controlled so that the circulation system, maintenance, safety, sanitation, and opera-tion of the overall pool are not adversely affected.

5.3 Structural design. The structural design shall be in accordance with accepted engineering practices.

5.4 Freeze protection. In climates subject to freezing temperatures, the pool shell and appurtenances, piping, filter system, pump and motor, and other com-ponents shall be designed and constructed to facilitate protection from damage due to freezing.

5.5 Surface condition. The surfaces within the pool intended to provide footing for users shall have a slip-resisting surface and shall not cause injury to the feet during normal use.

5.6 Colors and finishes. The colors, patterns, or finishes of the pool interior shall not obscure objects or surfaces within the pool.

5.7 Accessibility for persons with disabilities. For Ameri-cans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requirements for accessibility for persons with disabilities into public swimming pools, see ADA Accessibility guidelines for buildings and facilities, recreation facilities (ADAAG).

NOTE: For ADA requirements, see U.S. ADA Accessibil-ity guidelines (ADAAG). (For more information on the U.S. Department of Justice Americans with Disabili-ties Act, visit the ADA web site at www.ada.gov. Some pools may be exempt from ADA. See ADA definition of public accommodation for Title II and (Title III facili-ties).

6 Dimensional design

6.1 Perimeter shape. This standard is not intended to regulate the perimeter shape of swimming pools. It is the designer’s responsibility to take into account the effect a given shape will have on the safety of the occupants and required circulation to ensure sanita-tion. All other dimensions, unless otherwise specified, should allow a ± 2 in. (51 mm) tolerance.




6.1.1 There shall be no protrusions, extensions, and means of entanglement, or other obstructions in the swimming pool areas that may cause the entrapment or injury of the user.

6.2 Allowable construction tolerances. Finished pool dimensions shall be held within the following construction tolerances as shown in Table 6.2.

6.2 These construction tolerances are not applicable to Class A pools.

6.2.2 Diving Envelope. Negative construction tolerances shall not be applied to the shallow dimensions of the Minimum Diving Envelope in Table 6.2.2.

6.3 Floor slope. Floor slopes shall be in compliance with 6.3.1 through 6.3.5, except the requirements by the ADA Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG).

6.3.1 All pool floors shall be sloped to the drain. 6.3.2 The slope of the floor in the shallow area shall not exceed 1 ft in 10 ft in Class C pools or 1 ft in 12 ft (1: 12) in Class B pools in any direction to the point of the first slope change, if a slope change exists. 6.3.3 The point of the first slope change shall be defined as the point at which the floor slope exceeds 1 ft in 10 ft (1: 10) in Class C pools or 1 ft in 12 ft (1: 12) in Class B pools. 6.3.4 The slope of the floor from the point of the first slope change to the deep area shall not exceed 1 ft in 3 ft (1: 3).

Table 6.2 Construction Tolerances

Design Requirements Construction Tolerance Allowed

Length – overall ± 3 in. (± 76 mm)

Width – overall ± 3 in. (± 76 mm)

Depth – deep area ± 3 in. (± 76 mm)

Depth – shallow area ± 2 in. (± 51 mm)

Step treads & risers ± 1/2 in. (± 13 mm)

Waterline – pools with adjustable weir skimmers

± 1/4 in. (± 6 mm)

Waterline – pools with non-adjustable skimming systems (gutters)

± 1/8 in. (± 3 mm)

All dimensions not otherwise specified in this standard

± 2 in. (± 51 mm)

Competitive pools – Class A pools – All dimensional requirements

As governed by authority having jurisdiction

11° Max slope

11° Max slope

Max slope

L1 Min

D1 Min D2 Min

Pt. B water linePt. A Pt. C Pt. D

5 ft. (152 cm)

Min

1

5

1

1

5

3

2 ft. 9 in. (84 cm)

R. M

in.

Sect

ion

6.3.

5

L2 Min L3 Min

L5 Min

L4 Min

Class B: 1 in 12 Max slopeClass C: 1 in 10 Max slope

Figure 6.2.2: Construction dimensions for water envelopes for Class B and C pools

Table 6.2.2: Minimum Diving Water EnvelopesPool Type

Minimum Dimensions Minimum Width of Pool at:D1 D2 R L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 Pt. A Pt. B Pt. C

VI7' -0"

(213 cm)8' -6"

(259 cm)5' -6"

(168 cm)2' -6"

(76 cm)8' -0"

(244 cm)10' -6"

(320 cm)7' -0"

(213 cm)28' -0"

(853 cm)16' -0"

(488 cm)18' -0"

(549 cm)18' -0"

(549 cm)

VII7' -6"

(229 cm)9' -0"

(274 cm)6' -0"

(183 cm)3' -0"

(91 cm)9' -0"

(274 cm)12' -0"

(366 cm)4' -0"

(122 cm)28' -0"

(853 cm)18' -0"

(549 cm)20' -0"

(610 cm)20' -0"

(610 cm)

VIII8' -6"

(259 cm)10' -0"

(305 cm)7' -0"

(213 cm)4' -0"

(122 cm)10' -0"

(305 cm)15' -0"

(457 cm)2' -0"

(610 mm)31' -0"

(945 cm)20' -0"

(610 cm)22' -0"

(671 cm)22' -0"

(671 cm)

IX11' -0"

(335 cm)12' -0"

(366 cm)8' -6"

(259 cm)6' -0"

(183 cm)10' -6"

(320 cm)21' -0"

(640 cm)0' -0"(0 cm)

37' -6"(11.4 m)

22' -0"(671 cm)

24' -0"(732 cm)

24' -0"(732 cm)

Note 1: Negative tolerances (see Section 6.2) shall not be applied to any to the dimensions shown in this table.Note 2: Pool types dictate the minimum water envelope dimensions as specified by the diving board manufacturers.



6.3.5 Walls. Where walls join the floor the transitional point or profile shall comply with the following:

Except for Class A pool walls where racing lanes terminate, walls may slope a maximum of 11° from plumb (see Figure 6.3.5). – Walls may intersect with the floor at an angle or a

transition profile. – At water depths between 3 ft to 5 ft (91 to 152 cm)

the maximum radius shall be 2 ft 3 in. (69 cm). – At water depths of 3 ft (91 cm) or less, a transi-

tional radius shall not exceed 6 in. (15 cm) and shall be tangent to the wall and may be tangent to or intersecting the floor.

– At water depths greater than 3 ft (91 cm), a transitional radius shall be tangent to the wall at a point no less than 2 ft 6 in. (76 cm) below the water surface and may progressively increase from 6 in. (15 cm) to a value capable of being tangent to, or intersecting, the floor.

6.4 Water depths. Water depths for swimming areas shall be a minimum depth of 3 ft (91 cm) unless the authority having jurisdiction specifies otherwise.

6.4.1 Class A pools shall be designed and constructed to provide the dimensions specified by Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA), USA Swimming, USA Diving, USA Synchronized Swimming, USA Water Polo, NCAA, NFHS, or other appropriate sanc-tioning body.

6.5 Diving. This standard does not cover diving require-ments for Class A pools. This standard covers diving requirements for Class B and Class C pools.

6.5.1 When manufactured or field fabricated diving equipment is installed, it shall conform to the specifi-cations set forth in Sections 7.2.1 through 7.2.5.6. It shall be located in the deep area of the pool to provide at least the minimum dimensions as shown in Table 6.2.2 and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

6.6 Manufactured diving equipment installation and use instructions shall be provided by the diving equip-ment manufacturer, and shall specify the minimum water dimensions required for each diving board and diving stand combination. They shall refer to the diving envelope type of their choice by dimensionally relat-ing their product to Point A on the diving envelopes as shown in Figure 6.2.2, Table 6.2.2, and Sections 6.6–6.6.1.2.

6.6.1 Point A. Point A is the point from which all dimensions of width, length, and depth are established for the Minimum Diving Water Envelope (see Figure 6.2.2 and Table 6.2.2). If the tip of the diving board or diving platform overhang is located at a distance of Point A or greater from the deep end wall, and the water depth at that location is equal to or greater than the water depth requirement at Point A, then the point on the water surface at the design water level directly below the center of the tip of the diving board or diving platform shall be designated as Point A.

6.6.1.1 Location of point A. The Minimum Diving Water Envelope dimensions for pools with manu-factured diving equipment shall be taken from Point A as shown in Figure 6.2.2. Point A shall be defined as the point on the water surface at the design water level where the water depth is required at Point A and is provided at a distance of Point A as shown in Figure 6.2.2 and Table 6.2.2 from the deep end wall. The center of the tip of the diving board or platform, manufactured or field fabricated, shall be located directly above Point A.6.6.1.2 Point A, as shown in Figure 6.2.2 and Table 6.2.2, shall be the reference point of origin for all dimensions defining the minimum diving envelope.

6.6.2 Location of equipment and pool features in the minimum diving envelope. If the pool is designed for use with diving equipment, all steps, pool stairs, ladders, underwater benches, offset ledges, special features, and other accessory items, or any parts thereof, shall be located outside the Minimum Diving Envelope (see Figure 6.3.5).

6.7 Rest ledges. Rest ledges along the pool walls are permitted. They shall not be less than 4 ft (122 cm) below the water surface. If a ledge is provided it shall be at least 4 in. (10 cm) wide and no more than 6 in. (15 cm) wide.

6.8 Maximum user load. The maximum user load of Class B or Class C pools shall be in accordance with Table 6.8.

6.9 Wading pools. A wading pool shall be a separate pool with an independent circulation system and physically separated from the main pool as described in Sections 6.9.1 through 6.9.5.

Figure 6.3.5: Maximum allowable wall slope




6.9.1 Areas where the water depth at the edge of the pool exceeds 9 in. (23 cm) shall be considered non-entry areas and must be protected by natural or artificial barriers. 6.9.2 Floors of wading pools shall be uniform and sloped to drains, if existing with a maximum slope of 1 ft in 12 ft (1: 12). 6.9.3 The maximum water depth shall be 18 in. (457 mm). 6.9.4 The maximum distance from the top of the deck to the water line shall not exceed 6 in. (15 cm).6.9.5 Suction entrapment avoidance methods for wading pools shall be in accordance with ANSI/APSP/ICC-7.Exception: Suction outlets are prohibited in wading pools.

7 Decks and deck equipment

7.1 Decks shall comply with Sections 7.1.1 through 7.1.17, as applicable.

7.1.1 Deck(s) shall be designed and installed in accor-dance with the engineering methods required by the authority having jurisdiction.

7.1.1.1 In the absence of specific local requirements, a concrete deck shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the recommended practices of the latest published edition of American Concrete Institute (ACI) Standard 302.1r-2004, Guide for Concrete Floor and Slab Construction, or in accordance with the requirements of the local authority, the authority having jurisdiction, or both. The deck shall be designed and constructed to meet the applicable requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act.

7.1.2 Decks, ramps, coping, and similar step surfaces shall be slip-resisting and cleanable. 7.1.3 Special features in or on deck(s) such as markers, brand insignias, or similar materials shall be slip-resisting.

7.1.4 Step risers for the deck shall be uniform and have a minimum height of 3-3/4 in. (9.5 cm) and a maximum height of 7-1/2 in. (19 cm). A handrail shall be provided for stairs having three or more risers. The minimum tread dis-tance from front to back shall be 11 in. (28 cm). 7.1.5 The deck or unobstruct ed

access shall be provided at a minimum of 65% of the pool perimeter to meet the requirement of the 10/20 rule.NOTE: The 10/20 rule states that a qualified lifeguard or a number of lifeguards shall be trained and sta-tioned in a manner that will permit them to identify an incident or trauma within ten (10) seconds of its initiation. Upon identification of the incident or trauma, the guard shall be able to respond to and initiate indicated protocol appropriate to the circum-stance within twenty (20) additional seconds.

7.1.5.1 A minimum 4 ft (122 cm) deck width shall be provided on the sides and rear of any diving equipment, including diving boards, jump boards, diving rocks, platforms, starting blocks. A deck clearance of 3 ft (91 cm) shall be provided around all other deck equipment.

7.1.6 The minimum slope of the deck(s) shall be 1/8 in. per ft (1: 96) for textured, hand-finished concrete decks; 1/4 in. per ft (1: 48) for exposed aggregate con-crete decks; 1/2 in. per 1 ft (1: 24) for indoor/outdoor carpeting decks; and 3/8 in. per ft (1: 32) for brick and heavy textured finishes, unless an alternate drainage method is provided that prevents the accumulation of pooling of water (see Table 7.1.6).

7.1.6.1 Decks shall be sloped so that standing water shall be no deeper than 1/8 in. (3 mm), 20 minutes after the cessation of the addition of water to the deck. NOTE: Two stacked U.S. quarters can be used to measure the depth. Water should not cover the quarters.

Table 6.8: Maximum User Load

Pool/Deck Area Shallow Instructional or Wading Areas

Deep Area (not including diving area)

Diving Area (per each diving board)

Pools with minimum deck area (see 7.1.6–7.1.6.1.)

15 sq ft. per user (1.35 m2 per user)


300 sq ft. per user (27 m2 per user)

Pools with deck area at least equal to water surface area




Pools with deck area at least twice the water surface area




Table 7.1.6: Typical minimum drainage slopes

Surface Minimum drainage slope

Textured, hand-finished concrete 1/8 in./ft (1: 96)

Exposed aggregate 1/4 in./ft (1: 48)

Carpet 1/2 in./ft (1: 24)

Brick and heavy textures, finished 3/8 in./ft (1: 32)



7.1.7 The maximum slope of all decks, other than wood decks, shall be 1/2 in. per ft (1: 24) except for ramps.

7.1.7.1 The maximum slope for wood decks shall be 1/8 in. per ft (1: 96). 7.1.7.2 Gaps shall be required between deck boards in wood decks, and shall be consistent with approved engineering methods with respect to the type of wood used. They shall not cause a tripping hazard.

7.1.8 The maximum open gap between pool decks and adjoining decks or walkways, including joint mate-rial, shall be 3/4 in. (19 mm). The difference in vertical elevation between the pool deck and the adjoining sidewalk shall be 1/4 in. (6 mm) unless it conforms to Section 7.1.4. 7.1.9 Construction joints where the pool coping meets the concrete deck(s) shall be watertight. 7.1.10 Construction joints where the pool coping meets the concrete deck(s) shall be installed to protect the coping and its mortar bed from damage as a result of the anticipated movement of adjoining deck(s). 7.1.11 Control joints in deck(s) shall be provided to minimize visible cracks outside the control joints due to imposed stresses and/or movement of the slab. 7.1.12 Areas where decks join existing concrete work shall be protected by an expansion joint to protect the pool from the pressures of relative movements. 7.1.13 The edges of all decks shall be radiused, tapered, or otherwise designed to eliminate sharp corners. 7.1.14 Pressure tests. The pressure testing of the pool piping shall be maintained throughout the pool’s con-struction and in accordance with Section 8.4. 7.1.15 Valves installed in or under any deck(s) shall have access provided for operation, service, and main-tenance. Access covers shall be provided. 7.1.16 Hose bibb(s), with a cross connection control to prevent backflow, shall be provided for rinsing down the entire deck and shall be in accordance with the authority having jurisdiction. 7.1.17 Water-powered devices (such as water- powered lifts) shall have a dedicated hose bib (water source) with approved backflow protection in accordance with the authority having jurisdiction.

7.2 Deck equipment. Deck equipment including diving facilities and starting blocks shall comply with Sections 7.2.1 through 7.4, as applicable.

7.2.1 A minimum 4 ft (122 cm) deck width shall be pro-vided on the sides and rear of any diving equipment, including diving boards, jump boards, diving rocks, platforms, starting blocks. 7.2.2 Starting blocks. Starting blocks are intended for competitive swimming and shall conform to Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA), USA Swimming, National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), or National Federation of State High Schools Associations (NFHS) regulations. 7.2.3 The diving equipment manufacturer shall specify minimum head room required above the tip of the board. 7.2.4 Public pools with diving equipment of 1 meter (39.4 in.) or greater in height, or pools designed for springboard or platform diving, shall comply with the dimensional design requirements of Fédération Inter-nationale de Natation (FINA), USA Diving, National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), National Federation of State High Schools Association (NFHS) or the appropriate sanctioning body. 7.2.5 Diving equipment. Diving equipment shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s speci-fications.

7.2.5.1 The diving equipment manufacturer shall affix a label to the diving equipment. 7.2.5.2 A label shall be permanently affixed to and visibly located on the diving equipment or jump board and shall include but not be limited to the following: – The minimum water envelope required for each

diving board and diving stand combination, – Manufacturer’s name and address, – Manufacturer’s identification and date of manu-

facture, and – The maximum weight of the user.7.2.5.3 The diving equipment manufacturer shall provide diving equipment use instructions. 7.2.5.4 Diving equipment shall have slip-resisting tread surfaces7.2.5.5 Supports for diving equipment. Supports, platforms, stairs, and ladders for diving equipment shall be designed to carry the anticipated loads. Stairs and ladders shall be of corrosion-resisting material and shall be easily cleanable and with slip-resisting tread. All diving stands higher than 21 in. (53 cm) measured from the deck to the top back end of the board shall be provided with stairs and/or a ladder. Step treads shall be self-draining.




7.2.5.6 Diving equipment 1 meter (39.4 in.) high or higher shall be provided with a top guard rail, which shall be at least 30 in. (76 cm) above the diving board, and extend to above the edge of the pool wall. 7.2.5.7 Springboard fall protection guards. Spring-boards located at a height greater than 5 ft (1.5 m) above the pool deck shall have a fall protection guard on each side of the springboard. The design and the selection of the materials of construction of such fall protection guards shall be determined by the manufacturer of the springboard support struc-ture. The installation and maintenance of such fall protection guards shall be in accordance with the fall protection guard manufacturer’s instructions.

7.3 Swimming pool slides. Swimming pool slides, when installed, shall comply with the requirements of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) as published in the Code of Federal Regulations, 16 CFR, Part 1207. The manufacturer shall provide installation and use instructions with each slide. Each slide shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruc-tions.

7.4 Play/water activity equipment. When installed, play/water activity equipment shall be installed in accor-dance with manufacturer’s instructions.

8 Circulation systems

8.1 System. A circulation system consisting of pumps, piping, return inlets and suction outlets, filters, and other necessary equipment shall be provided for com-plete circulation of water. All pools shall have separate dedicated filtering systems, unless otherwise allowed by the authority having jurisdiction. Wading pools and spas shall have separate dedicated filtering systems.

8.1.1 The equipment shall be of adequate size to turn over the entire pool water capacity as specified in Table 8.1.1. The system shall be designed to give the proper turnover rate based on the manufacturer’s recommended maximum pressure and flow rate of the filter with clean media.

8.1.1.1 Water clarity shall be maintained (see Section 8.5.) Pool water shall be of a clarity to permit an 8 in. (203 mm) diameter black and white Secchi disc or suction outlet cover (formerly called main drain) located on the bottom of the pool at its deepest point to be visible and sharply defined from any point on the deck up to 30 ft (914 cm) away in a direct line of sight from the disc or suction outlet. (Clarity is a function of proper filtration and maintenance of proper chemical operational parameters. See Appendix A.)

8.1.2 Circulation system components that require replacement or servicing shall be accessible for inspec-tion, repair, or replacement and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications. 8.1.3 Circulation system components and equipment shall comply with the edition of ANSI/NSF 50 or NSF 14 in effect at the time of their manufacture, or alter-nate criteria that is acceptable by the authority having jurisdiction.8.1.4 Pool equipment and piping shall be supported in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications to prevent damage from misalignment and settlement.

8.2 Water velocity. The water velocity in the pool piping shall not exceed 10 ft (305 cm) per second for discharge piping (except for copper pipe where the velocity shall not exceed 8 ft (244 cm) per second); and 6 ft (183 cm) per second for suction piping, and 1-1/2 ft (46 cm) per second flow rate through the suction grates. See also Appendix B.

8.2.1 Pool piping shall be sized to permit the rated flows for filtering and cleaning without exceeding the operating head of the pump.

8.3 Piping and fittings. The circulation system plastic pipe and fittings shall be nontoxic and shall be able to withstand the design operating pressure and condi-tion of the swimming pool. Plastic pipe shall be process piping and shall be at least Schedule 40 PVC weight and shall comply with ANSI/NSF 14 Plastics, piping components and related materials, or criteria acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.

8.3.1 Pool piping subject to damage by freezing shall have a uniform slope in one direction and shall be equipped with valves for adequate drainage or shall be capable of evacuating water to prevent freezing and possible damage. 8.3.2 Equipment shall be designed and fabricated to drain the pool water from the equipment, together with exposed face piping, by removal of drain plugs and manipulating valves, or by other methods. Refer to the manufacturer’s specifications for information on draining the system.

Table 8.1.1: Turnover Period

Swimming Pool Category

Turnover Period

Class A, B, and C pools

1-1/2 times average depth in feet to equal the hours of turnover required, to a maximum of 6 hours

Wading pools 1 hour

Public spas See ANSI/APSP-2 Standard for Public Spas

NOTE: The average depth of the pool in accordance with this table determines the minimum turnover period for each pool class.



8.3.3 Circulation system piping, other than that integrally included in the manufacture of the pool, shall be subject to an induced static hydraulic pres-sure test (sealed system) at 25 pounds per square inch (psi) (1.8 kg per cm2) for 24 hours. The test shall be performed before the deck is poured, and the pressure shall be maintained throughout construction.

8.4 Class A, Class B, Class C, and Class F pools. Class A, Class B, Class C, and Class F pools shall be equipped with a pump suction (vacuum) gauge, filter inlet pres-sure gauge, filter outlet gauge, and flow meter.

8.4.1 Each public swimming pool and wading pool shall be equipped with a flow-measuring device that indicates the rate of flow through the filter system. The flow rate measuring device shall read out in gallons per minute (liters per minute) and shall be selected and installed to be accurate within 10% of actual flow. 8.4.2 Wading pools. A wading pool shall be a separate pool with an independent circulation system and shall be physically separated from the main pool as described in Sections 6.9.1 through 6.9.5.

8.5 Water clarity and chemistry. The circulation system shall be designed to maintain water clarity and to distribute chemicals as required for pool sanitation (see Section 17). The pool water shall circulate during all hours the pool is open for use, plus any additional time necessary to ensure continuous water clarity and chemical distribution.

9 Filters

9.1 Design. Filters shall be sized to accommodate or exceed the design flow rate of the system and provide water clarity as noted in Sections 9.1.1 through 9.1.3. See the manufacturer’s instructions.

9.1.1 Filters shall comply with the edition of ANSI/NSF 50 in effect at the time of their manufacture.9.1.2 Filters shall be designed so that filtration sur-faces can be inspected and serviced. 9.1.3 Maximum flow rate of filters shall not exceed the requirements of the latest published edition of ANSI/NSF 50.

9.2 Internal pressure. On pressure-type filters, a means shall be provided to permit the release of internal pres-sure.

9.2.1 Any filter incorporating an automatic internal air release as its principal means of air release shall have a lid(s) that provide(s) a slow and safe release of pressure as a part of this design and shall have manual air releases in addition to automatic releases.

9.2.2 A separation tank used in conjunction with a filter tank shall have a manual method of air release or a lid that provides a slow and safe release of pres-sure as it is opened. 9.2.3 The following warning or equivalent shall be visible and noticeable within the areas of any air release valve or fitting: “Do not start the circulation system after maintenance without first properly reas-sembling the filter and separation tank in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions then opening any air release valve or fitting.”

9.3 Piping. Piping furnished with the filter shall be of suitable material capable of withstanding 1-1/2 times the working pressure. The suction piping shall not collapse when there is a complete shutoff of flow on the suction side of the pump. Piping shall meet the require-ments of the latest published edition of ANSI/NSF-50.

10 Pumps and motors

10.1 Performance. A pump and motor shall be provided for circulation of the pool water. The pump shall be capable of providing the flow required for filtering the pool water in accordance with 8.1.1.and filter cleaning (if applicable) against the total dynamic head developed by the complete system.

10.1.1 Where pumps are within the scope of ANSI/NSF-50, they shall comply with the edition in effect at the time of their manufacture.

10.2 Horsepower rating. Pump horsepower rating and labeling shall not exceed the brake horsepower of the motor.

10.3 Intake strainers. A cleanable strainer or screen shall be provided, upstream of the circulation pump(s), to remove solids, debris, hair, lint, etc., on all pressure filter systems where intake strainers are within the scope of ANSI/NSF-50.

10.4 Location. Pump(s) and motor(s) shall be accessible for inspection and service in accordance with the manu-facturer’s specifications.

10.5 Safety. The design, construction, and installation of the pump(s) and component parts shall provide safe operation and service in accordance with the manufac-turer’s specifications.

10.5.1 Important safety consideration. The pump shall not be operated if the suction outlet (“main drain”) grate, cover, is missing, broken, or loose. The swimming pool, spa, hot tub, wading pool, or whirlpool bathtub appli-ance shall be shut down immediately and remain shut down until a proper repair or replacement has been accomplished.




10.6 Mechanical seals. Where a mechanical pump seal is provided, components of the seal shall be corro¬sion-resistant and capable of operating under conditions normally encountered in pool operation.

10.7 Motor frame specifications. All motors shall have an open, drip-proof enclosure (as defined by ANSI/NEMA-MG1, Motors and generators) and be constructed elec-trically and mechanically to perform satisfactorily and safely under the conditions of load and environment normally encountered in swimming pool installations.

10.8 Service factor. All motor(s) shall be capable of oper-ating the pump under full load with a voltage variation of +10% from the nameplate rating. If the maximum service factor of the motor is exceeded (at full voltage), the manufacturer shall indicate this on the pump curve.

10.9 Load protection. All motors shall have thermal or current overload protection, either built in, or in the line starter, to provide locked rotor and running protection.

10.10 Flooded inlet provision. Pumps located below the waterline shall have isolation valves installed on suction and discharge lines, in an accessible place, for maintenance and removal of the pump.

11 Inlets and outlets

11.1 Entrapment avoidance. The submerged suction piping and fittings shall comply with the latest published edition of ANSI/APSP/ICC-7.

11.2 Testing and certification. All suction outlet(s) (other than skimmers) shall be provided with covers that have been tested by an ILAC (International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation) as required by the latest published edition of ANSI/APSP-16.

11.3 Outlets per pump. Outlets per pump shall be in accordance with the latest published edition of ANSI/APSP/ICC-7.

11.4 Water velocity. There is no water velocity limitation through most covers/grates in the published edition of ANSI/APSP-16 (see Appendix B). For field fabricated outlet/s: Site-specific, unblockable suction outlet fitting assemblies are defined by ANSI/APSP-16 as being intended as, but not limited to, a single suction outlet. They are limited to 1.5 ft per second (0.46 m/s) of flow velocity through the open area of the cover/grate, unless rated for a lower flow rate by the Registered Design Professional.

11.5 Performance. Inlets and outlet(s) shall be provided and arranged to produce a uniform circulation of water and maintain the distribution of sanitizer residual throughout the pool.

11.6 Number of inlets. The number of return inlets shall be based on a minimum of one return inlet per 300 sq ft (27.87 m2) of pool surface area, or fraction thereof. Return inlet fittings shall be of sufficient size or quan-tity to allow a full turnover rate of the circulation system in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifica-tions for return inlets.

11.7 Inlet and outlet design. Inlets and outlets, (to and from) the circulation system, shall be designed so that they do not constitute a hazard to the user.

11.8 Covers/grates. To avoid serious injury or death, close the pool or spa to bathers if any outlet cover/grate is missing, broken, or inoperative. There is no backup for a missing or damaged outlet cover/grates for all five (5) entrapment hazards (see Appendix H):

• hair entrapment• limb entrapment• body entrapment• mechanical entrapment• evisceration.

11.9 Types of systems. If a suction outlet system, such as a filtration system booster system, automatic cleaning system, solar system, etc., has a single suction outlet, or multiple suction outlets that are capable of being isolated by valves, each suction outlet shall protect against bather entrapment in accordance with the latest published edition of ANSI/APSP/ICC-7.

11.10 Accessibility. When provided, vacuum cleaner fitting(s) shall be located in an accessible position(s) at least 6 in. (152 mm) and no greater than 18 in. (457 mm) below the water level, or as an attachment to the skimmer(s). They shall be installed in accordance with the latest published edition of ANSI/APSP/ICC-7.

12 Surface skimming systems

12.1 A surface skimming system shall be provided on all public swimming pools. The surface skimming system shall be designed and constructed to skim the pool surface when the water level is maintained within the operational system level.

12.2 Skimming devices shall be designed and installed so as not to constitute a hazard to the user. When equalizer lines are used, they shall have an anti-entrap-ment cover/grate or other entrapment protection in accordance with the latest published edition of ANSI/APSP-16. Skimmer covers located on a walking surface shall be securely seated, slip resistant, of sufficient strength to withstand normal deck use, and not consti-tute a tripping hazard.



12.3 Where automatic surface skimmers are used as the sole overflow system, at least one surface skimmer shall be provided for each 500 sq ft (46 m2) or fraction thereof of the water surface area. Recessed areas such as stairs, swimouts, and spas shall not be considered in the calculation. When skimmers are used, they shall be located to maintain effective skimming action.

12.3.1 A single pump circulation system shall be designed to handle a minimum of 100% of the pool turnover rate through skimmers.12.3.2 A multiple pump circulation system shall be designed to handle a minimum 100% of the pool turnover rate through the skimmers.12.3.3 When an equalizer line is used, the opening at the pool wall shall be protected with a suction outlet cover/grate in accordance with the latest published edition of ANSI/APSP-16.

12.4 When a perimeter-type surface skimming system is used as the sole surface skimming system, it shall extend around a minimum of 50% of the pool (see Section 12.3).

12.4.1 When perimeter surface skimming systems are used, they shall be connected to the circulation system with a system surge capacity of not less than 1 gallon for each sq ft (40.7 liters per square meter) of pool surface. The capacity of the perimeter overflow system is permitted to be considered as a portion of the surge capacity.

12.5 The hydraulic capacity of the surface skimming overflow system shall be capable of handling 100% percent of the circulation flow.

13 Electrical and illumination requirements

13.1 Codes. The electrical installation shall meet the requirements of the National Electrical Code (NEC) NFPA 70, as adopted by the Authority Having Jurisdic-tion (AHJ), or the latest published edition of the (NEC) NFPA 70, if it has not been adopted by any AHJ or other entity.

13.2 Lighting. During periods of operation sufficient illu-mination shall be provided to allow visibility of all por-tions of the pools, including the bottom suction outlets. Illumination shall be provided by natural or artificial means or both.

13.2.1 When a pool is open during periods of low natural illumination, artificial lighting shall be provided.

13.2.1.1 Overhead or underwater lighting shall be provided to illuminate the pool and adjacent deck areas. Such lighting shall be listed, labeled and installed in accordance with the NEC.

13.2.1.2 For outdoor pools, the combination of over-head and underwater lighting shall provide not less than 3 foot-candles (32.3 lux) of illumination at the pool water surface and the adjacent deck area. For indoor pools, the combination of overhead and underwater lighting shall provide not less than of 10 ft-candles (107.64 lux) at the pool water surface. 13.2.2 Underwater lighting shall provide a minimum of 8 foot-candles (fc) (86.11 lux) per sq ft of pool water surface area.Alternate: Incandescent underwater lighting shall provide a minimum of 1/2 watt per sq ft (5.4 watts per m2) of pool water surface. 13.2.3 Underwater lighting requirements may be waived when the overhead lighting, provides a minimum of 15 foot-candles (161.5 lux) of illumination at the pool water surface.

13.3 Emergency illumination. Public pools and pool areas that operate during periods of low illumination shall be provided with sufficient emergency lighting to permit evacuation of the pool and securing of the area in the event of power failure. The emergency lighting lumi-nance shall be not less than 1 foot-candle (10.764 lux) at the water surface and the walking surface of the deck.

14 Heaters

14.1 Important safety consideration. Fossil fuel appliances, like swimming pool heaters, produce poisonous carbon monoxide gas as a by-product of combustion. Proper venting of exhaust gases, and correct sizing of gas meters, gas supply piping, makeup air intakes, etc., are critical installation considerations in preventing poten-tial carbon monoxide gas poisoning or loss of life.

14.2 This section pertains to appliances using either fossil fuels, such as natural gas, propane (LPG), and #2 fuel oil, or electric heating equipment for heating pool water.

14.3 Heaters shall be tested and comply with the requirements of the most recent editions of ANSI Z21.56 Gas fired pool heaters and/or UL 1261. Heat pumps shall comply with the latest published edition of UL 1995 and be accepted by a recognized testing facil-ity.

14.4 Heaters shall be sized in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications.

14.5 Installation. Heater(s) shall be installed in accor-dance with all federal, state, and local codes as well as the manufacturer’s specifications.

14.5.1 A means shall be provided to monitor pool water temperature.




14.5.1.1 Public access to controls shall not be allowed.

14.5.2 Support. The heater shall be installed on a surface with sufficient structural strength to support the heater when it is full of water and operating. The heater shall be stationary after plumbing, gas, and/or electrical connections are completed. 14.5.3 Combustible surfaces. If the heater requires a non-combustible surface per the manufacturer, it shall be placed on cement or other accepted surface per the latest published edition of ANSI-Z21.56, or federal, state, and local codes. 14.5.4 All heaters shall be installed and maintained with the minimum clearances to combustibles for which the heater has been tested as specified by the manufacturer. 14.5.5 Ventilation. The heater shall have ventilation in order to ensure operation.

14.5.5.1 Important safety consideration. Fossil fuel appliances like swimming pool heaters, produce poisonous carbon monoxide gas as a by-product of combustion. Proper venting of exhaust hoses, and correct sizing of gas meters, gas supply piping, makeup air intakes, etc., are critical installation considerations in preventing potential carbon monoxide gas poisoning or loss of life.

14.5.6 Makeup air. When installing a fossil fuel heater indoors, proper openings to the room area are a necessity. The heater shall be installed in accordance with federal, state, or local codes and the manufac-turer’s specifications.

14.6 Heating energy source 14.6.1 Natural gas energy supply. The heater gas supply piping shall comply with the manufacturer’s speci-fications and the latest published edition of ANSI Z223.1/NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code.14.6.1.1 Important safety consideration. Install a gas cock, properly sized and readily accessible, outside the cabinet, to stop the flow of natural gas at the heater for service or emergency shutdown. 14.6.2 Propane energy supply. Whenever a propane (LPG) appliance is installed, special attention shall be given to ensure that the storage tank, supply piping, and regulator shall be adequately sized to ensure operating fuel pressures as specified by the appliance manufacturer. Consult the fuel supply company and ensure that the system is installed in accordance with the latest published edition of ANSI/NFPA 58 2011, Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code.

14.6.2.1 Propane appliances located in a pit or enclosed area shall be installed in accordance with the latest published edition of NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code.14.6.2.2 Important safety consideration. Install a gas cock, properly sized and readily accessible, outside the cabinet, to stop the flow of propane (LPG) at the heater for service or emergency shutdown.14.6.3 Electrical energy supply. Electric heating appli-ances shall be installed in accordance with the latest published edition of the National Electrical Code (NEC) and any federal, state, or local codes.

14.6.3.1 The heater shall be grounded and bonded to reduce the hazard of electric shock.

14.6.4 The energy source for the heater shall be installed in compliance with all applicable codes.

14.7 Heater circulation system 14.7.1 Water flow through the heater, any bypass plumbing, any back-siphoning protection, and the use of heat sinks, shall be done in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications and local codes. 14.7.2 Special consideration. When required by the manufacturer, the heater shall be installed with an automatic “cool down” switch to ensure that the pump continues to run (for the time period specified by the manufacturer) after the heater shuts off.

15 Water supply

15.1 Water quality. All fill and makeup water to main-tain the pool water level and water used as a vehicle for sanitizers or other pool chemicals, for pump priming, or for other such additions to the pool, shall be from a potable water source. (See Section 17 before the pool is used.)

NOTE: Many municipalities use monochloramine as the residual disinfectant. The use of this water for makeup will add combined chlorine and may result in the need for breakpoint chlorination.

15.2 No direct mechanical connection shall be made between the potable water supply and the swimming pool, chlorinating equipment, or the system of piping for the pool, unless it is protected against backflow and back-siphonage in a manner approved by the state or local authority, or through an air gap meeting the latest published edition of ANSI A112.1.2 or as approved by the state or local authority.

15.3 An over-the-rim spout, if used, shall be located under a diving board, adjacent to a ladder, or other-wise properly shielded so as not to create a hazard.



Its open end shall have no sharp edges and shall not protrude more than 2 in. (51 mm) beyond the edge of the pool. It shall be separated from the pool water by an air gap at least 1.5 pipe diameters from the pipe outlet to the rim.

16 Waste water disposal

16.1 Backwash water or pool draining water. Backwash water or pool draining water shall be discharged in accordance with federal, state and local regulations and may include the sanitary or storm sewer, an approved disposal system on the premises, or other means. No direct connections shall be made between the end of the backwash line and the disposal system. An appropriate air-gap shall be provided.

16.2 Water salvage. Filter backwash water may be returned to the pool if the backwash water has been treated to meet potable water quality standards approved by the federal, state or local authority.

16.3 Waste post treatment. When necessary, filter back-wash water and pool drainage water shall be treated chemically or through the use of settling tanks to elimi-nate or neutralize chemicals, diatomaceous earth (DE), or contaminants in the water that exceed the limits set by the state or local effluent discharge requirements.

17 Sanitizing equipment, chemical feeders, and chemical operational parameters

17.1 Equipment standards. Sanitizing equipment shall comply with the requirements of the latest published edition of ANSI/NSF-50, and shall be capable of intro-ducing a sufficient quantity of a U.S. EPA-registered sanitizer to maintain the appropriate levels in Section 17.5.1, under all conditions of intended use.

17.1.1 Pools shall be required to have an independent sanitizing feed system installed and functioning in compliance with Section 17.1.2. Manual feeding of sanitizers or other treatment chemicals shall be in accordance with label directions and is prohibited when the pool is in use. Manual feeding of sanitizers via the skimmer basket(s) is prohibited when the pool is in use. Undissolved sanitizer shall not be present within the skimmer basket when the facility is open to bathers.17.1.2 The pool water shall contain sanitizer residuals at all times and in all areas of the pool, as per Section 17.5.1, that can be easily measured by simple and accurate field tests. Only EPA-registered sanitizers with appropriate federal and state registration and local approval shall be used.

17.2 Chemical feeders. The installation and use of chemi-cal feeders shall conform to the following:

17.2.1 Chemical feed systems shall comply with the requirements of the latest published edition of ANSI/NSF-50 and installed in accordance with manufac-turer’s specifications.17.2.2 Chemical feed pumps shall be installed and controlled so they cannot operate unless there is adequate return flow to properly disburse the chemical throughout the pool as designed.

17.3 Training. Personnel responsible for the operation of the chemical feed equipment shall be properly trained in the operation of that equipment, the procedure for performing and interpreting the necessary chemical field tests, and the appropriate emergency procedures (see Appendix G: Use of elemental chlorine).

17.4 Testing. Every public pool shall maintain a simple and accurate test kit capable of measuring pH and sanitizer residuals as per 17.5. In addition, every public pool shall have the means of determining total alkalin-ity, calcium hardness, total dissolved solids (TDS), and cyanuric acid (if used). The method used in determining the free available chlorine residual shall be such that chloramines or other oxidizers that may be present in the pool do not affect the determination.

17.4.1 The performance of automatic sensing devices shall be verified and documented on a daily basis using manual testing techniques.

17.5 Chemical operational parameters. All pools covered by this standard shall be built and equipment installed such that, when properly operated, they comply with the following water quality standards and/or those required by the appropriate federal, state and local authority. Additional chemical operational parameters are included in Appendix A. (See also ANSI/APSP-11.)

17.5.1 A residual of an EPA-registered sanitizer shall be present at all times and in all areas of the pool. One of the following EPA-registered sanitizer systems shall be used:•Chlorine•Bromine•Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB)•Metal-based system.Not all of these sanitizer systems are approved for all pool uses. Refer to the EPA label, as well as applicable codes and regulations.17.5.2 The pH of the water should be maintained between 7.4 and 7.6, but shall not exceed 7.8 or be less than 7.2. Maintaining total alkalinity as per Appendix A will help control pH within the required range.




17.5.3 Bacteria shall not exceed the levels set and monitored by the state and local health departments. 17.5.4 Pool water shall be of a clarity to permit an 8 in. (203 mm) diameter black and white Secchi disc or suction outlet (main drain), located on the bottom of the pool at its deepest point, to be visible and sharply defined from any point on the deck up to 30 ft (9.14 m) away in a direct line of sight from the disc or suction outlet.

18 Specific safety features

18.1 Handholds. Handholds shall conform to Sections 18.1.1 through 18.1.2.3.

18.1.1 Public pools, Classes A, B, and C, shall be pro-vided with a handhold around the perimeter in areas where depths exceed 3 ft 6 in. (107 cm). Handholds shall be provided no farther apart than 4 ft (122 cm). 18.1.2 Handholds shall include but are not limited to any one or a combination of the items listed in Sections 18.1.2.1 through 18.1.2.3.

18.1.2.1 Coping, ledge, or deck along the immediate top edge of the pool that provides a slip-resisting surface of at least 4 in. (102 mm) minimum horizon-tal width and located at or not more than 12 in. (30 cm) above the waterline; 18.1.2.2 Ladders, stairs, or seat ledges; 18.1.2.3 A secured rope or railing placed at or no more than 12 in. (30 cm) above the waterline.

18.2 Rope and float line. A rope and float line shall conform to 18.2.1 through 18.2.3.

18.2.1 In pools where the water depth exceeds 6 ft -4 in. (193 cm), a wide contrasting color band extend-ing from the waterline tile, down the wall, across the floor, and up the opposing wall to the waterline shall be located at 5 ft (152 cm) of water depth. A rope and float line shall be located 1 ft to 2 ft (30–61 cm) on the shallow side of that band. 18.2.2 The rope and float line shall be securely fastened to wall anchors of corrosion-resisting materi-als and of the type that shall be recessed or have no projection that will constitute a hazard when the line is removed. 18.2.3 The line shall be of sufficient size and strength to offer a good handhold and to support loads normally imposed by users.

18.3 Depth markers. Depth markers shall conform to 18.3.1 through 18.3.9.

18.3.1 Depth of water in feet shall be plainly and conspicuously marked on the vertical pool wall at or

above the waterline (see Secs. 18.3.7 and 18.3.8.) 18.3.1.1 Depth markers shall indicate the actual pool depth within 3 in. (76 mm), at normal operat-ing water level when measured 3 ft (91 cm) from the pool wall or at the tangent point where the cove radius meets the floor, whichever is deeper. 18.3.1.2 Depth markers on the vertical pool wall shall be positioned to be read from the waterside. Depth markers shall be placed in such a way that they allow as much of the numerical value to be visible above the waterline as possible. 18.3.1.3 Depth markers on the deck shall be within 18 in. (457 mm) of the water edge and positioned to be read while standing on the deck facing the water.

18.3.2 Horizontal depth markers shall be slip-resisting. 18.3.3 Depth markers shall be installed at the maximum and minimum water depths, and at all points of slope change. 18.3.4 Depth markers shall be installed at inter-mediate increments of water depth not to exceed 2 ft (610 mm). Depth marker shall be spaced a maximum of 25 ft (762 cm) apart. 18.3.5 Depth markers shall be arranged uniformly on both sides and both ends of the pool. 18.3.6 Depth markers on irregularly shaped swim-ming pools shall designate depths at all major deviations in shape, as well as conform to the foregoing sections. 18.3.7 Depth markers shall have a 4 in. (102 mm) minimum height. The numbers shall be of contrast-ing color to the background on which they are applied, and the color shall be of a permanent nature. 18.3.8 Lettering shall either spell out “feet” or “inches” or abbreviate “ft.” or “in.” In addition, the depth of water may also be displayed in meters. Lettering for meter depth markers may be spelled out “meters” or abbreviated “m.”18.3.9 Pool depths of 5 ft (152 cm) or less shall display the “No Diving” symbol. The symbol may be placed on the deck at intervals of no more than 25 ft (762 cm). Additional signage shall be in accordance with ANSI-Z535 Series of standards for safety signs and colors. (See also Section 24 and Appendix E: Signage Warning Against Shallow Water Diving.)

18.4 Lifeguard station. When lifeguards are required, chairs and stations shall be positioned to allow guards to meet the 10/20 rule.



NOTE: The 10/20 rule states when a qualified lifeguard or a number of lifeguards trained and stationed in a manner that will permit them to identify an incident or trauma within ten (10) seconds of its initiation. Upon identification of the incident or trauma, the guard shall be able to respond to and initiate indicated protocol appropriate to the circumstance within twenty (20) additional seconds.

18.4.1 When no lifeguard is on duty, a suitable sign to that effect shall be conspicuously posted.

18.5 Lifesaving equipment. Lifesaving equipment shall conform to Sections 18.5.1 through 18.5.3.

18.5.1 Public pools Classes A, B, and C shall have life-saving equipment conspicuously and conveniently on hand at all times that conforms to 18.5.1.1–18.5.1.3.

18.5.1.1 A swimming pool accessory pole, including a body hook, shall be a minimum of 12 ft (366 cm) long. 18.5.1.2 A minimum 1/4 in. (6 mm) diameter throw-ing rope as long as 1-1/2 times the maximum width of the pool, or 50 ft (15.2 m), whichever is less, to which has been firmly attached a ring buoy with an outside diameter of at least 15 in. (38 cm) or a similar flotation device. 18.5.1.3 Emergency response units. Pools covered by this standard shall provide first aid equipment, including a first aid kit, in an accessible location. The first aid kit shall include, at a minimum, impermeable, unused, and disposable gloves and a sufficient supply of materials to stop bleeding and to clean or cover minor cuts and abrasions and meet the OSHA standards for prevention of disease transmission.

18.5.2 Public pools, Classes A, B and C shall have a telephone with posted names and phone numbers of the nearest available police, fire, emergency access, and/or rescue unit, and/or 911.Emergency Telephone Signs: A sign shall be posted in the immediate vicinity of the pool, stating the pool's address, the location of the nearest telephone with references that emergency telephone numbers are posted at the location. Those emergency telephone numbers shall include the name and phone number of the nearest available police, fire, ambulance service, and/or rescue unit, and/or “911,” if available. 18.5.3 Public pools, Classes A, B, and C shall post a notice of the location of an emergency shutoff switch, if a switch is provided for the pumps.

18.5.3.1 Disconnecting means shall be accessible, located within sight of the pool, and located at least

5 ft (1.5 m) horizontally from the inside walls of the pool.Plainly mark the location of the electrical cut-off switch for the pool pump.Know where the pool pump switch is and know how to turn it off.Cut off the pump immediately.Have a portable telephone close by to call for help.

18.6 Barriers. Pools shall be protected by a fence, wall, building, enclosure, or solid wall of durable material of which the pool itself may be constructed, or any com-bination thereof. Natural or artificial barriers shall be provided so as to afford no external handholds or footholds. The barrier shall be at least 4 ft (122 cm) in height and equipped with a self-closing and posi-tive self-latching closure mechanism at a height of at least 45 in. (114 cm) above the ground and provided with hardware for locking. The self-latching mecha-nism shall be corrosion resistant and capable of closing and latching against the prevailing winds. It shall be installed so settlement will not defeat the latch. Facili-ties that can provide alternate means of protection shall be allowed. For additional information on Layers of Protection, see Appendix C.

18.6.1 Where the release mechanism of the self-latch-ing device is located less than 54 in. (137 cm) from the bottom of the gate, the release mechanism and open-ings shall comply with the following:

–The release mechanism shall be located on the pool side of the gate at least 3 in. (76 mm) below the top of the gate;

–The gate and barrier shall have no openings greater than 1/2 in. (13 mm) within 18 in. (457 mm) of the release mechanism; and

–The barrier shall have no opening that allows the passage of a sphere of 4 in. (102 mm) in diameter.

18.6.2 Except as provided in Section 18.6.3, one barrier may surround multiple pools as one facility. 18.6.3 A barrier shall be provided to separate a wading pool, designed for use by infants or toddlers, from the main pool in accordance with Sections 6.9.1 through 6.9.5.

18.7 Pool alarms. Pool alarms, if used, shall be in compli-ance with ASTM F2208.

18.8 Safety covers. When an automatic power/manual safety cover for swimming pools is used as a barrier it shall be in compliance with ASTM 1346, Standard performance specification for safety covers and labeling requirements for all covers for swimming pools, spas and hot tubs.




19 Dressing facilities (Classes A and B only)

19.1 Dressing facilities. Dressing and sanitary facilities shall be provided unless these facilities are provided in connection with the general development for other purposes and are of adequate capacity and number and in close proximity to the pool.

19.1.1 Dressing and sanitary facilities shall be designed in accordance with the requirements of ANSI/ICC A117, or per the requirements of the jurisdiction having authority.

19.2 Maintenance. Dressing rooms and sanitary facili-ties shall be well lighted, drained, ventilated, and constructed with impervious materials. They shall be developed and planned so that good sanitation can be maintained throughout the building at all times.

19.3 Partitions. Partitions between portions of the dressing room area, screen partitions, shower, toilet, and dressing room booths shall be of durable material not subject to damage by water, and shall be designed so that a waterway is provided between partitions and floor, to permit thorough cleaning of the walls and floor areas with hoses and brooms.

19.4 Floors. Floors shall have a slip-resisting surface and shall be cleanable. Floor drains shall be provided, and floors shall be sloped a minimum of 1/4 in. per ft (1 cm per 48 cm) toward the drains to ensure positive drainage.

19.5 Hose bibbs. Hose bibbs with a backflow preventer shall be provided such that the dressing room interior may be rinsed down using a 50 ft (15 m) hose.

19.6 Fixtures 19.6.1 Lavatories, showers, and toilets for Class A and Class B swimming pools shall meet or exceed the fol-lowing general requirements. NOTE: Class F pools, if provided, shall require lavato-ries and toilets.

19.6.1.1 The minimum criteria for bathhouse sanitary and dressing facilities shall be based upon the anticipated maximum attendance of users and their sex.

19.6.2 One water closet, one lavatory, and one urinal shall be provided for the first 100 male users. One additional water closet, lavatory, and urinal shall be provided for each additional 200 male users or fraction thereof. 19.6.3 Two water closets and two lavatories shall be provided for the first 100 female users. One additional

water closet and lavatory shall be provided for each additional 100 female users or major fraction thereof. 19.6.4 A minimum of 2 shower heads shall be pro-vided for the first 100 users of each sex. One addi-tional shower head for each sex shall be added for each additional 50 male or female users or fraction thereof. 19.6.5 An anti-scald device shall control the shower water supply. The water heater and thermostatically-controlled mixing valves shall be inaccessible to users and shall be capable of providing to each shower head 2 gallons (7.6 liters) per minute of water, not to exceed 120 °F (49 °C) with a minimum of 90 °F (32 °C). 19.6.6 Soap dispensers for either liquid or powdered soap shall be provided at each lavatory. The dispenser shall be of all metal or plastic type with no glass per-mitted in these units. 19.6.7 A shatter-resistant mirror shall be provided. 19.6.8 Toilet paper holders and toilet paper shall be provided at each water closet. 19.6.9 Fixtures shall be installed in accordance with local plumbing codes and shall be properly protected against back-siphonage. 19.6.10 Fixtures shall be designed so that they are readily cleaned. Frequent cleaning and disinfecting shall not cause damage. 19.6.11 Sanitary napkin and tampon dispensers shall be installed in toilet and/or bather preparation areas designated for female users in Class A and B pools. 19.6.12 Baby changing tables shall be provided in all rest rooms.19.6.13 No less than 1 drinking fountain shall be pro-vided and available to users at the pool site.

20 Visitor and spectator areas (Classes A and B only)

20.1 Visitor and spectator areas. There shall be separation between the spaces used by visitors in street clothes and those spaces used by bathers. The visitor and spec-tator area shall not be located within the pool perimeter enclosure unless it is physically segregated from the space used by bathers. The design of spectator facilities shall comply with the requirements of the authority having jurisdiction.

20.2 Toilet facilities. Toilet facilities may be shared by spectators and pool users when the toilet facility is designed to accommodate the total capacity of both groups.



21 Food consumption (Classes A and B only)

21.1 Eating, drinking, and smoking. Eating, drinking, and smoking shall not be permitted in the swimming pool or areas designated for swimmers, unless the area is specifically designed and authorized by the manage-ment for this use.

21.1.1 Food and beverages served or consumed in designated areas shall be in unbreakable containers. 21.1.2 Trash containers shall be provided in areas designated for food consumption.

22 Operation and management

22.1 Certified operator. Both existing and new public swimming pools shall be maintained under the super-vision and direction of a properly trained operator who shall be responsible for the sanitation, safety, and proper maintenance of the pool, and all physical and mechanical equipment. The operator shall be certified in accordance with state/local codes or comparable certifying organizations.

22.2 Class A, B, and C pools. Lifeguards shall be equipped with a rescue tube and attired so that they are readily identifiable as members of the lifeguard staff.

22.2.1 A CPR-certified person shall be on the premises when the pool is in use. 22.2.2 Class A and B pools shall have a lifeguard on duty during the designated hours of operation. The lifeguard shall have lifeguarding and CPR certification by the American Red Cross, the YMCA, National Pool and Waterpark Lifeguard Program, or comparable certifying organization.22.2.3 Within the immediate vicinity of Class A, B, and C swimming pools, a sign shall be posted that informs pool users of the location of the nearest tele-phone and that emergency phone numbers are posted at that location. 22.2.4 Emergency information posted at the telephone location shall list the following:

–Name and phone number of nearest available police, fire, and/or rescue unit;

–Name and phone number of nearest ambulance service; and

–Name and phone number of nearest available hospital.

22.2.5 Public pool facilities shall maintain preseason and ongoing “in-service” training programs for all lifeguards, pool operators, and other aquatic person-nel. Such programs shall include lifeguard alertness/response drills and performance “audits” based on the 10/20 rule.

22.2.6 Managers of public pools shall maintain an emergency action plan similar to the one outlined by the American Red Cross or YMCA or comparable aquatic safety organization manuals. The plan should include a “Contamination Evacuation Plan,” “Chemi-cal Emergency Evacuation Plan,” “Emergency Crisis Plan,” “Water Rescue and Injury Emergency Plan,” “Drill Procedures for Emergency Situations,” and other emergency plans and safety programs. These shall be practiced during preseason in-service training and drills.

22.3 Instructions 22.3.1 Upon completion of any swimming pool, the manager and his operators shall be given complete written and oral instructions by the builder as well as operational instructions for the pool, all equipment, the circulation system, and the maintenance of the swimming pool water. 22.3.2 Warnings, rules, and regulations for users shall be posted in a conspicuous place and shall be visible to all persons entering the pool area. (See also Section 24 and Appendix E.)22.3.3 The maximum bather loads shall be in accor-dance with Section 6.8. and Table 6.8.

22.4 Operating permits 22.4.1 A public pool shall not operate until such time as the appropriate application has been submitted to the state or local authority, on the forms prescribed by the authority having jurisdiction and the valid operating permit has been issued by the state or local authority. 22.4.2 The swimming pool shall not be placed in operation until appropriate inspections show compli-ance with the requirements of this standard. (Refer to Section 5.1.) 22.4.3 Should inspections determine that the opera-tion or maintenance of the pool is such as to constitute a health or safety hazard for the user, the operating permit shall be revoked or suspended. The pool opera-tion in such a case shall be suspended immediately. 22.4.4 The revoked or suspended permit may be reis-sued or reinstated upon presentation of evidence that the deficiencies that caused the revocation or suspen-sion have been corrected. Such evidence should be in the form of a re-inspection by the state or local author-ity, or by acceptable evidence being presented at a hearing before the authority issuing the permit. 22.4.5 Signage should include a “Contamination Evacuation Plan,” “Emergency Crisis Plan,” “Drill Procedures,” and other safety programs.




23 Entries, exits, pool stairs, swimouts, underwater benches, and special features

NOTE: For ADA requirements, see U.S. ADA Accessibil-ity Guidelines (ADAAG). (For more information on the U.S. Department of Justice Americans with Disabilities Act, visit the ADA web site at www.usdoj.gov/crt/ada/ adahom1.htm. Some pools may be exempt from ADA. See ADA definition of public accommodation for Title II and Title III facilities.

23.1 Entry/exit. All pools shall have at least two means of entry/exit located so as to serve both ends of the pools.

23.1.1 Where the bottom of the pool to the deck is 24 in. (610 mm) or less at the pool wall, such areas shall be considered as providing their own natural mode of entry/exit.

23.1.2 A means of entry/exit shall be provided in the shallow end of all pools which are greater than 24 in. (610 mm) in depth and may consist of pool stairs, a ramp, or a beach entry. 23.1.3 The second means of entry/exit shall consist of one of the following: steps/stairs, ladders, grab rails with treads (recessed), ramps, swimouts, or other designs that provide the minimum utility as specified in this standard. 23.1.4 Swimming pools over 30 ft (914 cm) in width shall provide entries/exits on both sides of the deep area of the pool. 23.1.5 If the pool is designed for use with diving equip-ment, the entries and exits, pool stairs, ladders, under-water benches, special features, and other accessories shall be located outside the minimum diving water envelope as shown in Figure 23.1.5. 23.1.6 All treads shall have slip-resisting surfaces.

23.1.7 If any of these means of entry/exit are to qualify as an ADA means of entry/exit, they shall meet the ADA require-ments. See U.S. ADA Accessibility Guide-lines (ADAAG). A chair lift that qualifies as an ADA means of entry/exit shall not be considered as a means of entry/exit for the general public.

23.2 Pool stairs. The design and construc-tion of stairs into the pool in either shallow or deep water, including recessed pool stairs, shall conform to Sections 23.2.1 through 23.2.2.3 (see Figure 23.2). 23.2.1 Treads shall have a minimum width of 24 in. (610 mm) at the leading edge. Treads shall have a minimum unob-

structed surface area of 240 sq. in. (1548 cm2) and a minimum unobstructed horizontal depth of 10 in. (254 mm) at the center line. 23.2.2 All risers at the center line, except for the bottom riser, shall have a maximum uniform height of 12 in. (305 mm).

23.2.2.1 The bottom riser height is allowed to vary to the floor. 23.2.2.2 The vertical distance from the pool coping, deck, or step surface to the uppermost tread shall be a maximum of 12 in. (305 mm). 23.2.2.3 When stairs are located in water depths over 48 in. (1.2 m), the lowest tread shall be no less than 48 in. (1.2 m) below the deck and shall be recessed in the pool wall.

Figure 23.1.5: Minimum diving water envelope

Figure 23.2: Pool stairs, side view



23.3 Shallow end detail for beach and sloping entries 23.3.1 Sloping entries used as a pool entrance shall have a slope no steeper than 1 ft per 10 ft (10 cm per 100 cm). 23.3.2 Sloping entries are permitted to be used in conjunction with steps and benches.

23.3.2.1 Where benches are used in conjunction with sloping entries, the vertical riser distance shall not exceed 12 in. (305 mm). For steps used in conjunction with sloping entries all requirements of Section 23.2 shall apply. 23.3.2.2 A vertical drop exceeding 12 in. (305 mm) inside a sloping entry shall be protected by a handrail. 23.3.2.3 Beach and sloping entries surfaces shall be of slip-resisting materials.

23.4 Handrails. If handrails are used they shall conform to Sections 23.4.1 through 23.4.4.

23.4.1 Handrails shall be made of corrosion-resisting materials. 23.4.2 Handrails shall be installed so they cannot be removed without the use of tools. 23.4.3 The leading edge of handrails/handholds facilitating stairs and pool entry/exit shall not exceed 18 in. (457 mm) back from the vertical face of the bottom riser. 23.4.4 The outside diameter of handrails shall be a minimum of 1-1/4 in. (25 mm) and maximum of 2 in. (51 mm) in diameter.

23.5 Pool ladder design and construction. Design and construction of ladders shall conform to Sections 23.5.1 through 23.5.7.

23.5.1 All steps and ladders shall be located outside the minimum diving water envelope (see Figure 23.1.5). 23.5.2 All ladder treads shall have slip-resisting sur-faces. 23.5.3 Ladders shall provide two handholds or two handrails. 23.5.4 There shall be a clearance of 3 in. (76 mm) minimum and 6 in. (152 mm) maximum between the pool wall and the ladder. 23.5.5 The clear distance between ladder handrails shall be 17 in. (432 mm) minimum and 24 in. (610 mm) maximum. 23.5.6 There shall be a uniform distance between ladder treads, with a 7 in. (178 mm) minimum distance and 12 in. (305 mm) maximum.

23.5.7 Ladder treads shall have a minimum horizon-tal uniform depth of 2 in. (51 mm).

23.6 Recessed treads. The design and construction of recessed treads in the pool wall shall conform to Sec-tions 23.6.1 through 23.6.6.

23.6.1 All recessed treads shall have slip-resisting surfaces. 23.6.2 Recessed treads at the centerline shall have a uniform vertical spacing of 7 in. (178 mm) minimum and 12 in. (305 mm) maximum.23.6.3 The vertical distance between the pool coping edge, deck, or step surface and the uppermost recessed tread shall be 12 in. (305 mm) maximum. 23.6.4 Recessed treads shall have a minimum depth of 5 in. (127 mm) and a minimum width of 12 in. (305 mm). 23.6.5 Recessed treads shall drain into the pool. 23.6.6 Recessed treads shall be provided with a hand-rail/grab rail or handhold on each side of the treads.

23.7 Underwater seats, benches, and swimouts. The design and construction of underwater seats, benches, and swimouts shall conform to 23.7.1 through 23.7.2.7.

23.7.1 Swimouts. Swimouts shall meet the require-ments listed in Sections 23.7.1.1 through 23.7.1.6.

23.7.1.1 Swimouts shall be designed to be located completely outside of the perimeter shape of the pool (see Figure 23.1.5).23.7.1.2 The horizontal surface shall be 20 in. (508 mm) maximum below water line. 23.7.1.3 A minimum unobstructed surface equal to that required for the top tread of the pool stairs shall be provided. No other restrictions on sizes apply (see Section 23.2.1). 23.7.1.4 When used as an entry/exit access, swimouts shall be provided with a step to meet the pool stair requirements (see Section 23.2). 23.7.1.5 The leading edge shall be visibly set apart. 23.7.1.6 Swimouts are allowed in the deep or shallow area of the pool.

23.7.2 Underwater seats and benches. Underwater seats and benches shall conform to the following:

23.7.2.1 Underwater seats and benches shall be located completely inside of the perimeter shape of the pool (see Figure 23.1.5).23.7.2.2 The horizontal surface shall be 20 in. (508 mm) maximum below water line.




23.7.2.3 An unobstructed surface shall be provided that is a minimum of 10 in. (254 mm) deep and a minimum of 24 in. (610 mm) wide. 23.7.2.4 Underwater seats and benches shall not be used as the required entry/exit access. 23.7.2.5 Underwater seats may be located in the deep area of the pool where diving equipment (manufactured or constructed) is installed, provided they are located outside of the diving water envelope. 23.7.2.6 Underwater seats and benches are allowed in conjunction with pool stairs. 23.7.2.7 The leading edge shall be visually set apart.

24 Signage

24.1 Safety signage. Safety signage shall be provided in accordance with the authority having local jurisdiction advising on the danger of diving into shallow water and on the prevention of drowning.

See Figure 24.1 for an example of a safety sign. This sign is based upon a study entitled “Design of Swim-ming Pool Warnings.” This sign has been reviewed by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, which supports its use.

24.2 Sign placement. Signs shall be positioned in accor-dance with the authority having local jurisdiction to provide effective visual observation by users.

24.3 Signs shall be posted that clearly mark the location of the pump emergency shut-off switch. The switch shall be clearly labeled.

FIGURE 412.1SAFETY SIGN

Actual Size11" × 13-3/8" (279 × 340 mm)16" × 18-1/2" (406 × 470 mm)18-3/8" × 24" (467 × 610 mm)

For SI:1 inch = 25.4 mm.

Figure 24.1: Example of signage

Actual Sizes: 11 in. × 13-3/8 in. (279 × 340 mm) 16 in. × 18-1/2 in. (406 × 470 mm) 18-3/8 in. × 24 in. (467 × 610 mm)

A-1 ©2014 The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals



Appendix AChemical Operational Parameters

A. Sanitizer Levels

1. Sanitizer Residual

A residual of an EPA-registered sanitizer shall be present at all times and in all areas of the pool or spa. One of the following EPA-registered sanitizer systems shall be used: Chlorine; or Bromine; or PHMB; or Metal-based systems.

1. Free Chlorine, ppm

Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments

APSP-1

APSP-4

APSP-5

APSP-9

APSP-11

1.0 2.0−4.0 The U.S. EPA has established a maximum chlorine level of 4.0 ppm for re-entry of swimmers into the water. However, state or local health codes may allow or require the use of chlorine levels above 4.0 ppm.

Hot water/heavy use may require operation at or near maximum levels.

• Test kits are available for a variety of free chlorine ranges.

• Free chlorine test color (DPD) may be completely or partially bleached by chlorine levels greater than 5 ppm to give a false low reading.

For appropriate test kit, consult pool professional or test kit manufacturer.

Regular oxidation is recommended and remedial practices may be necessary.

APSP-2

APSP-3

APSP-6

APSP-11

2.0 2.0−4.0 The U.S. EPA has established a maximum chlorine level of 5.0 ppm for re-entry of swimmers into spas. However, state or local health codes may allow or require the use of chlorine levels above 5.0 ppm.

Public Spas and Swim spas: During hours of operation, test the water hourly, record the results, maintain the ideal range continually and shock treat at the end of the daily use period.

Residential Spas and Swim spas: Maintain these levels continually during hours of operation. Test water before use. During extended use test water hourly. Shock treat water after use

2. Combined Chlorine, ppm (High combined chlorine results in reduced sanitizer efficacy. Take remedial action to reduce combined chlorine.)

APSP-1

APSP-3

APSP-4

APSP-5

APSP-6

APSP-9

APSP-11

0 0 0.2 Signs of combined chlorine: Sharp chlorine-like odor and eye irritation (e.g., mucous membrane).

APSP-2

APSP-11

0 0 0.5

This Foreword is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/APSP/ICC-1 2014. It is included for information only.

These guidelines set forth the suggested operational parameters for the proper chemical treatment and maintenance of pools and spas. Applicable health department guidelines and label directions supersede these parameters. Chemical treatment alone will not produce sanitary pool and spa water. A filtration system in proper operational condition is also required to attain clear and sanitary water.

KEYAPSP-1 Public Swimming Pools APSP-5 Residential Inground Swimming Pools APSP-2 Public Spas APSP-6 Residential Portable Spas APSP-3 Residential Permanent Spas APSP-9 Aquatic Recreation Facilities APSP-4 Residential Aboveground/Onground Pools APSP-11 Water Quality for Public Pools and Spas

(continued)


©2014 The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals A-2

3. Total Bromine, ppm

NOTE: Refer to manufacturer’s product label for specific use concentrations. Use concentrations vary between different types of brominating compounds.


APSP-1

APSP-4

APSP-5

APSP-9

APSP-11

1.0 2.0–3.0 Residential Pools

3.0–4.0 Public Pools

The U.S. EPA allows maximum bromine levels of up to 8.0 ppm for re-entry of swimmers into the water. However, state or local health codes may allow or require the use of bromine levels above 8.0 ppm.

• Hot water/heavy use may require operation at or near maximum levels.

• Public swimming pools require maintenance of higher Total Bromine residuals than residential pools.

• Regular oxidation is recommended.

Residential: During hours of operation, maintain these levels continually. Test water before use. During extended use test water hourly. Shock treat water after use.

Public: During hours of operation, maintain the ideal range continually. Test the water hourly and record results. Shock treat water after use.

APSP-2

APSP-3

APSP-6

APSP-11

2.0 2.0–4.0 Residential spas and swim spas

4.0–6.0 Public spas and swim spas

4. PHMB (polyhexamethylene biguanide), ppm as product

All facilities

30 30–50 50 Certain classes of pool chemicals or treatment processes are incompatible with PHMB sanitizer. The pool or spa owner should consult with the supplier of PHMB if there is any question about compatibility of an auxiliary chemical or process. These include, but are not limited to:

• Chlorine/bromine sanitizers• Copper-based algicides• Monopersulfate (peroxymonosulfate) oxidizers• Phosphate-based chelating (metal sequestering) agents and

detergents• Electrolytic chlorinators• Metal-based ionizers

When used with ozone, follow manufacturer’s directions.

Consult pool professional or test kit manufacturer for appropriate test kit.

Regular oxidation is recommended with a compatible oxidizer, such as hydrogen peroxide.

5. Metal-Based System

Any metal-based system used must incorporate an EPA-registered sanitizer; follow product manufacturer’s EPA-accepted label for use and/or operation requirements.

B. Chemical Values

NOTE: When operating outside the ideal ranges, an LSI calculation should be performed to ensure the water is balanced.

1. pH

All facilities

7.2 7.4 – 7.6 7.8 If pH is too low:

• rapid dissipation of sanitizer• plaster and concrete etching• eye discomfort• corrosion of metals• vinyl liner wrinkling

If pH is too high:

• low chlorine efficacy• scale formation• cloudy water• eye discomfort




2. Total Alkalinity (Buffering) ppm as CaCO3*


All facilities

60 80–100 for calcium hypochlorite, lithium hypochlorite, and sodium hypochlorite

180 If total alkalinity is too low:

• pH bounce• Corrosion tendency

If total alkalinity is too high:

• Cloudy water

60 100−120 for sodium dichlor, trichlor, chlorine gas and bromine compounds

180 • Increased scaling potential• pH tends to be too high or to drift upward more rapidly.* These values are based on the alkalinity from bicarbonate and

carbonate only. Alkalinity should be corrected to account for cyanuric acid when used (see APSP-11, Section A 7.5).

3. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) ppm

All facilities

NA NA 1500 ppm greater than TDS at pool or spa start-up. (Start-up TDS includes source water TDS and any other inorganic salt added at start-up or later.)

An increase in TDS may indicate an accumulation of impurities during the course of operation. Excessively high TDS (excluding the amount of sodium chloride added) may lead to hazy water and scale formation, corrosion of fixtures, and may inhibit sanitation.

TDS can be reduced by partial draining and addition of fresh water.

For Spas: TDS should be periodically reduced by draining. (See Section K, Water Replacement Procedure)

4. Calcium Hardness, ppm, as CaCO3

APSP-1

APSP-4

APSP-5

APSP-9

APSP-11

150 200−400 1000 Total alkalinity and pH may need to be adjusted to the lower end of their respective ranges if hardness is over 500 ppm.

APSP-2

APSP-3

APSP-6

APSP-11

100 150−250 800

5. Heavy Metals

All facilities

NA NA If excessive heavy metals (such as copper, iron and manganese) are present:

• Staining may occur• Water may discolor• Filter cycle may decrease and require more frequent back-washing• May indicate pH too low, corrosion, metallic source water,

excessive metal ions from treatment chemicals, etc.

6. Langelier Saturation Index (LSI)

All facilities

−0.3 0.0 +0.5

(continued)



C. Biological Values

(Maintaining adequate sanitizer levels is critical to prevent growth of algae and bacteria)

1. Visible Algae


All facilities None visible

None visible None visible If algae growth is observed, recommendations may include but are not limited to:

• Superchlorinate the pool or spa. Superchlorination should not be performed when PHMB is used. • Use an EPA-registered algicide according to label directions. • Supplement with brushing and vacuuming. Some algicides may cause foaming.

2. Bacteria

All facilities (See APSP-11) Public Facilities: If bacteria count exceeds local health department requirements, superchlorinate and follow proper maintenance procedures. Superchlorination should not be performed when PHMB is used.

Residential Facilities: Maintain proper sanitizer level and pH to control bacteria.

D. Stabilizer (when used)

1. Cyanuric Acid, ppm

All facilities 10 30−50 100 If stabilizer is too low: Chlorine residual is rapidly destroyed by sunlight.

If stabilizer is too high: May reduce chlorine efficacy against algae and pathogens.

The effect of cyanuric acid on slowing the oxidation of organics, kill rates of bacteria, viruses, and algae has been demonstrated, primarily in controlled laboratory studies. However, no disease outbreaks linked to cyanuric levels in properly sanitized pools have been reported.

NOTE: Cyanuric acid is not recommended for indoor pools or spas where protection from sunlight is not necessary. Cyanuric acid does not stabilize bromine sanitizers.

E. Oxidation

Regular oxidation is recommended for pools and spas with normal bather load as a preventive treatment

1. Chlorine Products

APSP-1

APSP-4

APSP-5

APSP-9

APSP-11

As needed Weekly Determined by bather load, weather conditions

Some high-use pools may require oxidation several times per week.

Regular oxidation is recommended to prevent the build-up of contaminants, maximize sanitizer efficiency, minimize combined chlorine, and improve water clarity.

Chlorine should not be used to oxidize a pool or spa sanitized by PHMB.

APSP-2

APSP-3

APSP-6

APSP-11

At the end of each day facility is used.




2. Potassium Monopersulfate


APSP-1

APSP-4

APSP-5

APSP-9

APSP-11

As needed Weekly Determined by bather load, weather conditions, etc.

Some high-use pools may require oxidation several times per week.

Regular oxidation is recommended to prevent the build-up of contaminants, maximize sanitizer efficiency, minimize combined chlorine and improve water clarity.

Potassium monopersulfate will measure as combined available chlorine in DPD test system.

Refer to test kit manufacturer’s directions.

Potassium monopersulfate should not be used to oxidize a pool or spa sanitized by PHMB.

APSP-2

APSP-3

APSP-6

APSP-11

At the end of each day facility is used

3. Hydrogen Peroxide

All facilities Monthly As needed Determined by bather load, weather conditions, etc.

Hydrogen peroxide should be used only with PHMB sanitizers. Hydrogen peroxide should not be used as an oxidizer for pools and spas sanitized by chlorine or bromine.

F. Remedial Practices

1. Superchlorination

All facilities Follow label directions. Use a registered chlorine sanitizer.

Do not re-enter pool or spa until water meets the prescribed values in Section A.

Do not superchlorinate a pool or spa treated by PHMB.

Some symptoms that may indicate a need for superchlorination are:

• Cloudy water• Slime formation• Musty odors• Difficulty in maintaining a sanitizer residual• Algae and/or high bacteria counts• Eye irritation from chloramines

For fecal response guidelines, refer to http://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/swimming/index.html

2. Superchlorination to establish breakpoint, dosage in ppm

APSP-1

APSP-2

APSP-4

APSP-5

APSP-9

APSP-11

At least 10 times combined chlorine

High dosage may be required to satisfy chlorine demand. If combined chlorine persists, water replacement should be considered. Superchlorination should not be performed when PHMB is used.

3. Shock Treatment and Shock Oxidizers

All facilities Some conditions that may indicate a need for a shock or a shock oxidizer are:

• Cloudy water• Difficulty in maintaining a sanitizer residual• Periods after heavy bather use• Adverse weather.

Shock oxidizers are not sanitizers. They are effective in oxidizing organic contaminants. If the purpose is to treat bacteria or visible algae, an EPA-registered shock product should be used; follow label directions.

Spas should be shocked or shock-oxidized on a daily basis when used.

(continued)



4. Chlorine Dioxide


As needed Determined by occurrence of biofilms in skimmer or plumbing, or by abrupt disappearance of hydrogen peroxide.

White or pink-colored biofilms can infest the plumbing of PHMB pools and eventually spread onto pool surfaces. On other occasions, the biofilms will be hidden from view, but will cause a rapid decrease in hydrogen peroxide. Chlorine dioxide kills the peroxide-degrading organisms, but should be used only to treat the plumbing and not the pool itself.

Follow label directions.

5. Clarification/Flocculation

All facilities

As needed Follow manufacturer’s directions.

6. Algicides

All facilities

As needed Use U.S. EPA-registered products. Follow manufacturer’s directions.

Use of some algicides may cause foaming.

7. Foam Control

All facilities

As needed There shall be no persistent foam (foam remaining in a spa after the jets are turned off).

Foam may harbor persistent microorganisms.

If foaming is not adequately controlled, consider a daily shock or oxidation treatment, water replacement, or an appropriate anti-foam agent. Follow manufacturer’s directions.

8. Nitrates

All facilities

Nitrate ion is a nutrient for algae and a number of bacteria. Elevated algae and bacteria populations associated with elevated nitrate ion concentrations create a significant chlorine demand. Nitrate ion is at the highest oxidation state of nitrogen, and does not have a chlorine demand.

9. Phosphate

All facilities

No requirements Phosphate is an oxidized form of phosphorous. Phosphorous is a non-metallic element and an essential nutrient for all living organisms, including bacteria and algae. Phosphate does not create a chlorine demand since the phosphate ion does not react with free chlorine. However, inadequate maintenance and sanitization can allow algae and bacteria to reproduce rapidly by using phosphorous as a nutrient. Under these circumstances, the multiplying algae or bacterial populations will cause chlorine demand.

G. Temperature

All facilities

Personal preference

78–94 °F (26–34°C) depending on pool type and use

Up to 104 °F (40 °C) depending on spa type and use

104 °F (40 °C) If temperature is too low:

• Bather discomfort

If temperature is too high:

• Excessive fuel requirement• Increased evaporation• Bather discomfort• Increased scaling potential• Increased use of sanitizers

Overexposure to hot water may cause nausea, dizziness, and fainting.

The Consumer Product Safety Commission states: “Hot tub water temperatures should never exceed 104 degrees Fahrenheit.” Temperatures well below 104 °F (40 °C) are recommended for extended use (exceeding 10−15 minutes) or for pregnant women, people with certain medical conditions or medications, and for young children.




(continued)

H. Water Clarity

Standard Minimum Comments

All facilities The deepest part of the pool or spa and/or main drain shall be visible and sharply defined.

Pools: Pool water shall be of a clarity to permit an 8 in. (203 mm) diameter black and white Secchi disc or main suction outlet (main drain) located on the bottom of the pool at its deepest point to be clearly visible and sharply defined from any point on the deck up to 30 feet (9.14 m) away in a direct line of sight from the disc or main drain.

Spas: The bottom of the spa at its deepest point shall be clearly visible.**

** This test shall be performed when the water is in a non-turbulent state and bubbles have been allowed to dissipate.

If water is turbid:

• Sanitizer level may be low• Filtration/circulation system may require maintenance or

increased run (filtering) time• Improper chemical balance (Section B)• Consult remedial practices (Section F)

I. Supplemental Sanitizers

1. Ozone Concentration in air above pool or spa water, ppm


All facilities 0.1 ppm over

8 hour time-weighted average and 0.3 ppm for any 15 minute period

• Serves as oxidizer of water contaminants. • Ozone shall be used only in conjunction with an EPA-registered

sanitizer.• Indoor installations should have adequate ventilation.• When ozone is used for indoor installations, air monitoring is

required.See OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.

2. UV

All facilities As needed UV lamps shall be used only in conjunction with an EPA-registered sanitizer.

J. Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP)

APSP-1

APSP-2

APSP-9

APSP-11

When an ORP controller is used, it shall not be relied upon as a method for measuring the concentration of sanitizer in the water. The sanitizer level shall be measured with traditional wet chemical methods capable of detecting specific sanitizer residuals (e.g. DPD, N, N-diethyl-p-phenylene diamine for free available chlorine), to ensure that the minimum sanitizer residual is maintained. For PHMB-treated pools, levels for ORP values are not applicable.

ORP reading may be affected by a number of factors including, but not limited to, pH, probe condition, cyanuric acid, sanitizer type, and supplemental oxidizers.

Follow manufacturer’s recommendations.



This procedure provides guidelines on how to determine the frequency for which spa or hot tub water should be replaced.

Test the TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) and calculate the WRI (Water Replacement Interval) to determine when a spa needs to be drained. Drain the spa completely, clean it thoroughly, and refill it with source water when either of the following conditions is met:

1. The Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in the spa water exceeds the source-water TDS by 1,500 ppm or more, OR

2. The Water Replacement Interval (WRI) is less than or equal to the number of days since the last time the water was drained. WRI is calculated as shown in the formula and examples at right:

WRI, days = (1/3) × (Spa Volume, U.S. Gallons) (No. Bathers/Day)Example 1 The TDS of the original source water was measured and recorded to be 800 ppm. The TDS of the spa water now reads 2,500 ppm. The difference is greater than 1,500 ppm (2,500 ppm – 800 ppm = 1,700 ppm). Therefore, the spa should be drained immediately.

Example 2 Consider a 600 gallon (2.271 kL) spa last drained and refilled on Sunday evening, with the usage pattern outlined in the table below:

600 Gallon (2.271 kL) Spa Usage Pattern

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun

Bathers Water changed at end of day 85 2 19 20 105 100 50

600 Gallon (2.271 kL) Spa Usage Pattern

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun

Bathers Water changed at end of day 85 2 19 20 105 100 50

WRI – 2 2 11 5 1 2 1

Difference (WRI minus Days since last change)

– 1 0 10 3 –2 1 –1

Change Water (Difference = <0?) NO YES NO NO YES NO YES

The WRI is computed in the table below and compared to the interval since the last change. If the Difference (WRI – Days since last change) is less than or equal to zero, the spa should be drained.

K. Water Replacement


APSP-1

APSP-4

APSP-5 APSP-9

APSP-11

The water should be drained and replaced at a rate of 7 gallons per bather

It is recommended that regular water replacement be applied to pools, although certain circumstances may prohibit this practice (e.g., drought conditions) or make it unnecessary (e.g., supplementary water treatments such as reverse osmosis to extract contaminants from the water). Evaporation loss will not remove contaminants and so make-up water for evaporation loss should not be counted as water drained and replaced.

APSP-2

APSP-3

APSP-6

APSP-11

Water in spas or hot tubs with high bather use requires partial or complete replacement of water periodically.

Water in spas or hot tubs with high bather use requires complete replacement of water per the replacement guide-lines below.

Water replacement is necessary to dilute dissolved solids, to maintain water clarity, and to do necessary routine maintenance.

Water replacement can be necessary even if water has been maintained properly.

High bather use is defined as amount of bathers per day, not necessarily the amount of time each bather is in pool or spa.

Frequent water replacement is required to control TDS buildup from bathers and treatment chemicals:

Residential: Drain and refill every three months with average use. More frequent water replacement is required for heavy use.

Public: More frequent water replacement is required due to heavier bather loads.




L. Testing Frequency

1. Ozone


All facilities The parameters for sanitizer, pH, clarity, and water temperature shall be met at all times. Exception: when shocking/oxidizing the pool, when closed for the season, or similar activities.

Testing frequency shall be sufficient to ensure that the sanitizer, pH, clarity, and water temperature (spa) standards set forth in this document are met at all times.

Several factors will determine how often testing is required. Weather, water conditions, facility design, and bather load are the primary factors for determining how often pools and spas should be tested. Depending on the facility, testing may be required every 1 or 2 hours during operation.

Rain and wind will introduce materials to the water such as plant debris (leaves, pollen), dirt, airborne pollutants, and other contaminants that will decrease sanitizer concentrations and increase the likelihood of chloramines. Rain also tends to decrease pH and alkalinity readings. After a major rainstorm, sanitizer, pH, and alkalinity should be tested. Bathers introduce microorganisms and body oils that increase sanitizer demand. Bathers usually will cause a decrease in pH. If there is a high bather load, particularly in a spa, the sanitizer and pH should be checked more frequently.

M. Air Quality

All facilities The indoor pool and spa area should have its own dedicated ventilation equipment.

All pools and their related components that are installed in an indoor environment shall comply with the ventilation requirements of ANSI/ASHRAE 62.1-2007 Ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality, Table 6-1, “Minimum Ventilation Rates in Breathing Zone,” (Sports and Entertainment Section).



TABLE B-1 VELOCITY LIMITS – PUBLIC STANDARDS

Standard Limits / Comments

ANSI/APSP/ICC-1 Maximum 10 ft (305 cm) per second for return piping and 6 ft (183 cm) per second for suction piping. To prevent erosion, the velocity in copper piping should never exceed 8 ft (244 cm) per second.ANSI/APSP-2

VELOCITY LIMITS – RESIDENTIAL STANDARDS

ANSI/APSP-3 Maximum 8 ft. (244 cm) per second in all piping, suction and return.

ANSI/APSP/ICC-4 a

ANSI/APSP/ICC-5

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

ANSI/APSP/ICC-15 a

NOTICE: The velocity limits in ANSI/APSP/ICC-15 a apply to the swimming pool filtration piping only. Non-filtration piping is subject to the velocity limits in the residential standards listed above.NOTE: The swimming pool filtration flow rate (6-hour turnover rate, or 36 gpm, whichever is greater) must be calculated to determine minimum pipe sizes using the velocity limits below. After determining the residential swimming pool capacity in gallons, use the following formula to determine the filtration flow rate. Pool gallons ÷ 360 minutes = filtration flow rateMaximum 8 ft. (244 cm) per second in return filtration piping and 6 ft. (183 cm) per second in suction filtration piping. The velocity limitations in this standard are intended to reduce the friction loss (resistance) as the water moves through the filtration system, thereby reducing the amount of energy required to move the water through the system. NOTE: Pipe sizing to achieve a specific velocity at a given flow rate can be determined by using Table B-2 at right.

VELOCITY LIMITS – SUCTION OUTLET SAFETY STANDARDS NOTE: Suction outlet safety standards apply to all facilities – Public and Residential.

ANSI/APSP/ICC-7 Velocity limits are no longer specified in this standard, because they are regulated as part of the suction outlet fitting assembly (drain cover, fastener, and sump) certification process mandated by the 2007 Federal VGB Pool & Spa Safety Act. APSP/ICC-7 does require conformance with ANSI/APSP-16 standard (below) in all cases.

ANSI/APSP-16 This standard requires product manufacturers to provide the maximum flow rate for each cover, sump, and fitting assembly; a flow rating that has been tested and certified by an accredited test lab. Because of this, product specific installation instructions must be followed and including minimum pipe sizes when specified. NOTE: Every bather-accessible body of water with a circulation system is a candidate for a suction entrapment incident, and measures must be taken to prevent such an occurrence. Whatever entrapment avoidance methods or systems are employed, they must be in conformance with the ANSI/APSP/ICC-7 and ANSI/APSP-16 standards.

APSP STANDARDS WITH VELOCITY LIMITS ANSI/APSP/ICC-1, 2014 Standard for Public Swimming PoolsAPSP-2, 1999 Standard for Public SpasANSI/APSP-3, 1999 Standard for Permanently Installed Residential SpasANSI/APSP/ICC-4 a, 2012 Standard for Aboveground/Onground Residential Pools

ANSI/APSP/ICC-5, 2011 Standard for Residential Inground Swimming PoolsANSI/APSP/ICC-7, 2013 Standard for Suction Entrapment AvoidanceANSI/APSP/ICC-15 a, 2011 Standard for Residential Swimming Pool and Spa Energy EfficiencyANSI/APSP-16, 2011 Suction Fittings

Appendix BVelocity Limits in APSP StandardsThis Appendix is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/APSP/ICC-1 2014. It is included for information only.

Velocity is the speed at which water moves through pipe. It is calculated in both feet per second and centimeters per second. Velocity is used to help designers select the minimum pipe size for the design flow rate for a specific application. Increasing the pipe size while maintaining the same flow rate reduces velocity in the system (see Figure B).

NOTE: The velocity limits found in the standards listed below are based on maximum design flow rates. Lower flow rates are allowed and encouraged.

Figure B: Velocity in different pipe sizes




TABLE B-2 MAXIMUM FLOW RATES, Schedule 40 and 80 PVC Pipe

Pipe Size (U.S. sizes) 1.5 in. 2 in. 2.5 in. 3 in. 3.5 in. 4 in. 5 in. 6 in.

Nominal gpm @ 6 fps 38 63 90 138 185 238 374 540

Nominal gpm @ 8 fps 51 84 119 184 247 317 499 720

Nominal gpm @ 10 fps 62 103 146 227 303 391 616 890

Table B-2 Metric Equivalent

Pipe Size (U.S. sizes) 38 mm 51 mm 64 mm 76 mm 89 mm 102 mm 127 mm 152 mm

Nominal Lpm @ 183 cps 144 238 341 522 700 901 1416 2044

Nominal Lpm @ 244 cps 193 318 450 697 935 1200 1889 2725

Nominal Lpm @ 305 cps 235 390 553 859 1147 1480 2332 3369

Matching the velocity in all system piping achieves a relative balance of flow on the suction and return sides of the system. This helps prevent mismatched systems (i.e., over-pumping and under-piping), which leads to highly inefficient systems creating high pressure, excessive noise, vibration, and potentially decreased equipment life.

Design for ComplianceVelocity limits are found in almost all APSP standards, either directly or indirectly, through product flow ratings. Compliance requires conformance with all applicable standards and for best results the following sequence is recommended:

1. Design the body of water, and then calculate the water volume to determine the filtration flow rate. When applicable, design and specify flow requirements for all other features, such as therapy jets, fountains, solar heaters, sanitizers, etc. Using these design flow rates, use the velocity limits associated with the applicable APSP design standard to size all piping.

2. For residential swimming pools:a) Calculate the pool’s filtration flow rate as described

in Step 1. For recommended pipe velocities in residential pools, see ANSI/APSP/ICC-5, 2011

Standard for Residential Inground Pools, or most recent version.

b) Then check the pipe sizing for compliance with the ANSI/APSP/ICC-15 a, 2013 Standard for Pool and Spa Energy Efficiency, or most recent version. It may be necessary to re-size the suction filtration piping to comply with the lower velocity limit in this standard. (Table 1 from Standard 15 a is included below, as Table B-2.)

3. Finally, ensure that all suction outlet fittings, piping and components, are designed in compliance with ANSI/APSP/ICC-7, 2013 Standard for Suction Entrapment Avoidance (or most recent version), and that the suction outlets, if any, are certified by a test lab in conformance with the ANSI/APSP-16, 2011 Standard for Suction Fittings (or most recent version). Compliance with both the ANSI/APSP/ICC-7 and ANSI/APSP-16 standards requires the suction system components to have a flow rating higher than the maximum system flow rate of any and all installed systems.

NOTE: The standards referenced in Table B-1 all contain additional requirements beyond piping, flow and velocity. It is important that you own, understand and build in compliance with all of the APSP Standards.



Appendix CSafety Considerations and Warning RecommendationsThis Appendix is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/APSP/ICC-1 2014. It is included for information only.

In addition to requirements established by the authority having jurisdiction, The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals (APSP) suggests that the builders/installers of swimming pools advise the initial owner/operator of a public pool of the following:

Warning Recommendations: The APSP suggests the builder/installer advise the pool owner of the risk of drowning, especially for children under the age of five, and the risk of diving into shallow water in one or more of the following ways: verbally, through publications or signage. The following are suggested recommendations:

Lifesaving Equipment: APSP suggests that the builder/installer advise the pool owner/operator that basic lifesaving equipment including one or more of the following items should be on hand at all times:

•A light, strong, rigid pole not less than twelve feet (12 ft, 3.7 m) long

•A minimum one fourth inch (6 mm) diameter throwing rope as long as one and one-half (1½) times the maximum width of the pool or 50 ft (15.2 m), whichever is less, which has been firmly attached to a Coast Guard-approved ring buoy having an outside diameter of approximately 15 in. (381 mm), or some other similar flotation device.

Safety Considerations for Pool Owner/Operators: For additional safety information see www.APSP.org.

This standard does not replace good judgment and personal responsibility. In permitting use of the pool by others, owners/operators must consider the skill, attitude, training, and experience of the expected user. It is the pool owner/operator’s responsibility to learn, understand, and enforce these basic safety principles and rules:•Encourage children to learn how to swim.•Never allow diving, jumping or sliding into shal-

low water.•Adequate adult supervision is required when the

pool is in use.•Adequate adult supervision is always required

when children are present.•Encourage parents to learn CPR.

•Encourage children to never swim alone.•Keep all electrical radios, speakers and other

appliances away from the swimming pool.•Do not allow roughhousing and horseplay.•Keep deck clean and clear of objects that may cre-

ate a hazard.•Keep all breakable objects out of the pool area.

•Alcohol consumption and pool activities do not mix. Never allow anyone to swim, dive or slide under the influence of alcohol or drugs.

Do’s and Don’ts for Diving into swimming pools with manufactured diving equipment, diving rocks, and stationary diving platforms:

•Do know the shape of the pool bottom and the water depth before you dive or slide headfirst.

•Do plan you path to avoid submerged obstacles, surface objects, or other swimmers.

•Do hold your head up, arms up, and steer up with your hands.

•Do practice carefully before you dive or slide.•Do test the diving board for its spring before

using.•Do remember that when you dive down, you must

steer up.•Do dive straight ahead, not off the side of the div-

ing board.•Don’t drink and dive.•Don’t dive or slide headfirst in the shallow part of

the pool.•Don’t dive from any place that is not specifically

designed for diving .•Don’t ever dive head first into shallow water

(5 feet / 1.5 m or less). •Don’t dive across the narrow part of the pool.•Don’t run and dive.•Don’t dive from any place that is not specifically

designed for diving.•Don’t engage in horseplay on diving or sliding

equipment.




•Any slide entries by non-swimmers into deep water, to protect them from drowning.

•Standing on the top of a slide or outside the guardrails.

•Jumping from a slide.•Diving from a slide.•Sliding into areas with submerged obstacles,

surface objects, or other swimmers.•Do not engage in extended breath holding activi-

ties underwater* Consult safe use instructions of the pool slide

manufacturer.

•Don’t use diving equipment as a trampoline.

•Don’t do a back dive.

•Don’t try fancy dives; keep the dives simple.

•Don’t dive or slide headfirst at or through objects such as inner tubes.

•Don’t put diving or sliding equipment on a pool that wasn’t designed for it.

•Don’t swim or dive alone.

•Don’t dive into unfamiliar bodies of water.

Rules for General Use of Swimming Pool Slides.* Under all circumstances you should prohibit:•All headfirst entry from slide.•Horseplay.



Appendix D Layers of ProtectionThis Foreword is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/APSP/ICC-1 2014. It is included for information only.

Figure D. Layers of Protection for a Public Pool

Reminder to parents that these “layers” are backups to the primary means of accident prevention: Responsible Adult Supervision.

1. Emergency pump shut-off2. Pool rules posted3. Backboard4. Hard wired emergency phone5. Lifeguard/s on duty 6. Ring buoy with rope, and shepherd’s hook7. Anti-entrapment: multiple drains, single

unblockable drains, or no drains

8. Anti-entrapment drain covers and fitting covers9. Rope and float lines10. Depth markings11. Four-way fencing12. Self-closing, self-latching gate13. Adult supervision required for children14. Restricted access to complex

Base drawing courtesy of Paddock Enterprises, Inc.




Appendix E Signage Warning Against Shallow Water DivingThis Appendix is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/APSP/ICC-1 2014. It is included for information only.

Recommended methods to warn against shallow water diving may include but are not limited to:

A. Safety Signs

The use of a warning sign as a device to warn against shallow water diving is still an open question before the Human Factors Society and others as to whether or not signage is an effective means that will modify human behavior to prevent accidents.

If warning signs are chosen as a means to warn against shallow water diving, the signage should be in compliance with ANSI-Z535 Series of standards for safety signs and colors or the latest revision. B. Additional Signage Use

The ANSI Z535 Series of Standards reflects the consensus of various experts on warning sign appearance and con-tent. Signage that is consistent with the ANSI Z535 Standards is permitted to be added to components, equipment, facilities or installations, to provide additional information.

Manufacturers are permitted to either affix additional signage to their products or packaging, or to supply the signage with the product to be affixed at the time of installation.

Figure E. Examples of No Diving signs



Appendix F Safety Brochures and Education ProgramsThis Appendix is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/APSP/ICC-1 2014. It is included for information only.

Consumer awareness information is available on the following topics:

Children Aren’t Waterproof

Pool and Spa Emergency Procedures for Infants and Children

Layers of Protection

Plan Your Dive, Steer Up

Entrapment Avoidance Guidelines

The Sensible Way to Enjoy Your Inground Swimming Pool

The Sensible Way to Enjoy Your Aboveground Swimming Pool

The Sensible Way to Enjoy Your Spa or Hot Tub

Be Safety Aware

These brochures are published by the Association of Pool & Spa Professionals, and are available at www.APSP.org. Click on Safety/Safety Brochures.

Safety Education Programs and MaterialsEducational programs and materials (i.e., semi-nars, workshops, brochures, videos, instructional guides, etc.) are available from APSP, other aquatic safety groups, and private firms. As a means of communicating useful safety information to pool owners/operators and users, industry members are

Figure F. APSP safety brochures

permitted to provide such information to owners/operators and to request or require owners/operators to sign a statement that they have received, read and will follow the guidelines.

APSP 2111 Eisenhower Avenue Alexandria, VA 22314 www.APSP.org




Appendix G Use of Elemental ChlorineThis Appendix is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/APSP/ICC-1 2014. It is included for information only.

1. General

Chlorine is one of the chemical elements. The gas has a characteristic odor and greenish yellow color and is about two and one-half (2 ½) times as heavy as air. Chlorine is shipped in Department of Transportation specification steel containers; standard sizes contain either 100 or 150 pounds (45 or 68 kg) of chlorine. In the cylinder, the chlorine has both a liquid and a gas phase. All cylinders are equipped with the Chlorine Institute standard chlorine cylinder valve.

Chlorine is a “hazardous material” subject to Depart-ment of Transportation requirements. When used for pool disinfection, chlorine is considered a pesticide and as such is subject to pertinent regulations of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, as well as various state agriculture and environmental regulations.

Users of chlorine must be trained as to the proper procedures for handling chlorine and as to appropriate emergency procedures.

2. Equipment and Installation

2.1 Chlorination equipment should be located so that equipment failure or malfunction will have minimum effect on evacuation of pool patrons in an emergency.

2.2 Elemental chlorine feeders (chlorinators) should be activated by a booster pump using recirculated water supplied via the recirculation system. The booster pump should be interlocked to the filter pump to prevent feeding of chlorine when the recirculation pump is not running.

2.3 The chlorinator, cylinders of chlorine and associ-ated equipment should be housed in a reasonably gas-tight and corrosion-resisting housing having a floor area adequate for the purpose. Cylinders should always be stored in an upright position and properly secured.

2.4 All enclosures should be located at or above ground level. The enclosure should be provided with: ducts from the bottom of the enclosure to the atmosphere in an unrestricted area, a motor-driven exhaust fan capable of producing at least one air change per minute, and louvers of good design near the top of the enclosure for admitting fresh air. Warning signs should be posted on the doors. It is recommended that the doors to the chlorine room should open away from the pool.

2.5 Electrical switches for the control of artificial lighting and ventilation should be on the outside of the enclosure adjacent to the door.

2.6 Contents of a chlorine cylinder can be determined only by weight; therefore, facilities should include a scale suitable for weighing the cylinders. Changing cylinder(s) should be accomplished only after weighing proves contents of cylinder to be exhausted. Care must be taken to prevent water suck-back into the cylinder when empty, by closing the cylinder valve.

2.7 Connections from the cylinders to the system depend on the type of chlorinator to be used and should comply with the chlorinator manufacturer’s recommen-dation.

2.8 It is recommended that an automatic chlorine leak detector and alarm be installed in the chlorinator room.

2.9 Respirators approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) should be provided for protection against chlorine. It is rec-ommended that at least one approved self-contained breathing apparatus be provided. Respiratory equip-ment should be mounted outside the chlorine enclosure. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations require training and maintenance programs for respirators.

2.10 Containers may be stored indoors or outdoors. Full and empty cylinders should be segregated and appropriately tagged. Storage conditions should: (a) minimize external corrosion, (b) be clean and free of trash, (c) not be near an elevator or ventilation system, (d) be away from elevated temperatures or heat sources.

3. Operational Procedures

3.1 A specific person should be made responsible for chlorination operations and should be trained in the performance of routine operations including emergency procedures and leak control procedures.

3.2 Chlorine cylinders must be handled with care. Valve protection caps and valve outlet caps should be in place at all times except when the cylinder is connected for use. Cylinders must not be dropped and should be protected from falling objects. Cylinders should be used on a first-in, first-out basis. New, approved washers should be used each time a cylinder is connected.



3.3 It is recommended that a safety wall chart be posted in or near the chlorine enclosure and a second chart in the pool office near the telephone. Such charts are available from many suppliers and from the Chlorine Institute, 1300 Wilson Blvd., Rosslyn, VA 22209. The telephone number of the chlorine supplier should be shown on this chart.

3.4 Although chlorine suppliers make every effort to furnish chlorine in properly conditioned cylinders, chlorine gas leaks may still occur. Pool personnel should be informed about leak control procedures and consideration should be given to providing a Chlorine Institute Emergency Kit A.

3.5 Chlorine suppliers are equipped with a Chlorine Institute Emergency Kit that contains devices for capping leaks at cylinder valves and some leaks that occur in the cylinder wall. Further information on these kits and training slides demonstrating their use are available from the Chlorine Institute.

3.6 As soon as a container is empty, the valve should be closed and the lines disconnected. The outlet cap should be applied promptly and the valve protection hood attached. The open end of the disconnected line should be plugged or capped promptly to keep atmo-spheric moisture out of the system.

3.7 To find a chlorine gas leak, use a plastic bottle containing 26E BE Ammonia capable of releasing only vapors when squeezed. A white cloud will result if there is any chlorine leakage. Never use water on a chlorine leak.

For additional information, contact The Chlorine Institute, Inc., 1300 Wilson Blvd., Rosslyn, VA 22209, (703) 741-5760, and request a copy of the Chlorine Manual and the wall chart entitled “Handling Chlorine Cylinders & Ton Containers.”




Appendix H Suction Entrapment WarningThis Foreword is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/APSP/ICC-1 2014. It is included for information only.



Appendix I English Standard-Metric Conversion Tables (Approximate Factors)This Appendix is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/APSP/ICC-1 2014. It is included for information only.

Symbol When You Know Multiply by To Find Symbol

LENGTH

in. inches 2.54 centimeters cm

ft. feet 30.48 centimeters cm

yd. yards 0.914 meters m

mi. miles 1.609 kilometers km

AREA in2 square inches 6.45 sq. centimeters cm2

ft2 square feet 0.09 square meters m2

yd2 square yards 0.836 square meters m2

mi2 square miles 2.59 sq. kilometers km2

acres 0.4 hectares ha

MASS oz. ounces 28.35 grams g

lb. pounds 0.45 kilograms kg

short tons (2000 lb.) 0.9 metric tons t

VOLUME tsp. teaspoons 5 milliliters mL

Tsp. tablespoons 15 milliliters mL

in3 cubic inches 16 milliliters mL

fl.oz. fluid ounces 30 milliliters mL

c. cups 0.24 liters L

pt. pints 0.47 liters L

qt. quarts 0.95 liters L

gal. gallons 3.8 liters L

ft.3 cubic feet 0.03 cubic meters m3

yd.3 cubic yards 0.76 cubic meters m3

TEMPERATURE (See also below)

°F degrees Fahrenheit 5/9 degrees Celsius °C (after subtracting 32)

Symbol When You Know Multiply by To Find Symbol

LENGTH mm millimeters 0.04 inches in.

cm centimeters 0.39 inches in.

m meters 3.28 feet ft.

m meters 1.09 yards yd.

km kilometers 0.62 miles mi.

AREA cm2 sq.centimeters 0.155 square inches in2

m2 square meters 10.76 square feet ft2

m2 square meters 1.196 square yards yd2

km2 sq.kilometers 0.386 square miles mi2

ha hectares (10,000 m2) 2.47 acres

MASS g grams 0.035 ounces oz.

kg kilograms 2.2 pounds lb.

t metric ton (1,000 kg) 1.1 short tons

VOLUME

mL milliliters 0.06 cubic inches in3

mL milliliters 0.03 fluid ounces fl.oz.

L liters 2.1 pints pt.

L liters 1.06 quarts qt.

L liters 0.26 gallons gal.

m3 cubic meters 35 cubic feet ft3

m3 cubic meters 1.3 cubic yards yd3

TEMPERATURE °C degrees Celsius 9/5 degrees °F (then Fahrenheit add 32)

130°F

120°F

110°F

100°F

90°F

80°F

70°F

60°F

50°F

40°F

30°F

20°F

10°F

0°F

-10°F

-20°F

50°C

40°C

30°C

20°C

10°C

0°C

-10°C

-20°C

-30°C

Degrees Celsius

Degrees Fahrenheit




(Approved by the American National Standards Institute August 28, 2013)

Appendix J Sources of MaterialThis Foreword is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/APSP/ICC-1 2014. It is included for information only.

ACI American Concrete Institute 38800 Country Club Drive Farmington Hills, MI 48331 Tel: 248-848-3800 www.concrete.org

ANSI American National Standards Institute 25 West 43rd Street New York NY 10036 Tel: 212-642-4900 Fax: 212-398-0023 www.ansi.org

APSP Association of Pool & Spa Professionals (formerly National Spa and Pool Institute) 2111 Eisenhower Avenue Alexandria VA 22314 Tel: 703-838-0083 Fax: 703-549-0493 www.APSP.org

ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers 3 Park Avenue New York NY 10016 212-591-8562 www.asme.org

ASTM International Standards Worldwide (formerly American Society of Testing & Materials) 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 Tel: 610-832-9500 Fax: 610-832-9555 www.astm.org

CPSC U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission 4330 East West Highway Bethesda, MD 20814 Tel: 800-638-2772 Fax: 301-504-0124 and 301-504-0025 www.cpsc.gov

FINA Fédération Internationale de Natation Avenue de I’Avant-Poste 4 1005 Lausanne, SWITZERLAND Tel: (41) 21-310-4710 www.FINA.org

IAPMO International Association of Plumbing & Mechanical Officials 4755 E. Philadelphia Street Ontario CA 91761 Tel: 909-472-4100

ICC International Code Council 4051 W. Flossmoor Road Country Club Hills, IL 60478-5795 Tel: 888-422-7233 www.iccsafe.org

NCAA National Collegiate Athletic Association PO Box 6222 Indianapolis, IN 46206-6222 Tel: 317-917-6222 www.ncaa.org

NEC National Electrical Code (see NFPA)

NFPA National Fire Protection Association 1 Batterymarch Park Quincy MA 02269 Tel: 617-770-3000

NFSH National Federation of State High School Associations PO Box 690 Indianapolis, IN 46206 Tel: 317-972-6900 www.NSHF.org

NSF NSF International (formerly National Sanitation Foundation) 789 N. Dixboro Rd. P.O. Box 130140 Ann Arbor MI 48113-0140 Tel: 734-769-8010

UL Underwriters Laboratories Inc. 333 Pfingsten Road Northbrook IL 60062-2096 Tel: 847-272-8800 Fax: 877-272-8129 www.ul.com

American National Standard for Public Swimming Pools


2111 Eisenhower Avenue Alexandria VA 22314-4695

703.838.0083 [email protected] APSP.org

Familiarity with the ANSI/APSP/ICC standards is essential for anyone who builds, manufactures, sells, or services pools, spas or hot tubs.

Documents

American National Standard for Public Swimming Pools · iii ©2014 The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals Foreword This Foreword is not part of the American National Standard