Upload
bernadette-spencer
View
214
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
American Imperialism
United States History
Mrs. O’Shea
CHSAS
Review
Look up the following in your notes:
Manifest Destiny -
Social Darwinism -
Free Land Defined Americans
• America had been in a process of constantly acquiring land.
• Frontier = opportunity and required “rugged self-reliance”
• 1893 – superintendent of Census announced the “frontier” as closed.
• Now what?• 1890s – acquiring new land separate from
continental U.S. did not attract U.S. settlers.
Africa Becomes a Jigsaw Puzzle
• Slave Trade outlawed
• Now What?
• European countries divide up and colonize Africa.
What about us?
“The great nations are rapidly absorbing for their future expansion and their present defense all the waste places of the earth. As one of the great nations of the world, the United States must not fall out of the line of march.” (Henry Cabot Lodge, 1895)
Do we want to be an empire?• European countries = Imperialist countries
Imperialism – p.584
stronger nations attempting to create an empire by dominating weaker nations
• George Washington warned about getting too entangled in foreign affairs.
China and Japan• U.S. wanted new markets • European powers all had interest in China
• Open Door Policy – Secretary of State asked _________ powers to keep an “open door” to China
• ________ Rebellion – multinational force crushed uprising
Hawaii
• American planters revolt against monarchy
• Asked to be annexed by United States
• 1898 - annexed
The Congress and the President – apologizes to Native Hawaiians on
behalf of the people of the United States for the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii on January 17, 1893... and the deprivation of the rights of Native Hawaiians to self-determination;
Spanish-American
War
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Concentration CampsConcentration Camps
Estimated Estimated 200,000 Cubans 200,000 Cubans die of disease die of disease and starvation.and starvation.
Cuban guerrillas destroy Cuban guerrillas destroy American sugar American sugar plantations/mills in Cuba to get plantations/mills in Cuba to get the attention of the U.S.the attention of the U.S.
Yellow Journalism
Joseph Pulitzer's = New York World
William Randolph Hearst's = New York Journal
Hearst told his artist sent to paint pictures of fighting in Cuba - "You supply the pictures. I'll supply the war."
“How Babies Are Baked” “Was He A Suicide?”
Panama Canal
• When the French abandoned the project they had spent over twenty years and $260,000,000.
• It took nine hours and forty minutes for the passage of the first ship through the canal.
• When the canal opened tolls were set at $1.20 per ton for freight and $1.50 per ton for passengers. A freighter carrying a cargo of 4,500 tons paid a toll of $5,400.
• When the Panama Canal opened to traffic, the United States had spent $352 million.
World War I
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier – Arlington Cemetery
Causes
Nationalism
NationalismIntense pride in nation
Problem = Countries act on their own best interest
Causes
Nationalism Imperialism
ImperialismScramble for colonies
Problem = competition leads to conflict
Causes
Nationalism
Militarism
Imperialism
Militarism
Countries in Europe were spending large amounts of money on building up their armed forces.
Problem: Constantly planning war made war more inevitable.
Causes
Nationalism
Militarism System of Alliances
Imperialism
System of Alliances
Countries created protective relationships with other
countries
Problem: If conflict occurs between two countries, other countries are bound by their relationships into the conflict.
I got your back Russia!
Causes
Nationalism Imperialism
Militarism System of Alliances
Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
• June 28, 1914 • Heir to Austro-Hungarian
Empire• Shot by Bosnian
nationalist
Spark of War
• Austria's declaration of war against Serbia on July 28, 1914
• Russia announces it mobilization for war. • Germany declares war on Russia – August 1,
1914• Germany declares war on France – August 3,
1914• Great Britain declares war on Germany – August
4, 1914
http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/maps/
European PLAYERS
Central Powers
Austria-HungaryGermanyBulgaria
Ottoman Empire
Allies
SerbiaRussiaFrance
Great BritainPortugal
ItalyRomaniaGreeceBelgium
1914 – Wilson declares neutrality
(protect investments)
New Technology in Warfare• Machine guns = 600
rounds per minute• Rapid fire artillery• Poison gas• Airplanes and
Airships (Zeppelins)• Tanks • U-boats
Trench Warfare
http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/chapters/http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/chapters/ch1_trench.htmlch1_trench.html
The Allies and Central Powers dug nearly 6,250 miles of trenches by the end of 1914.
Lice
Trench foot
Rats
Dysentery
Trench fever
Ships lost to submarinesYear 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918
Number of Ships
3 396 964 2,439 1,035
1. Most immigrants favored Allies (30 percent Americans were second and third generation immigrants)
2. Sinking of passenger ships by U-boats (Lusitania, Sussex, City of Memphis, Illinois, Vigilancia)
3. Zimmerman Note – if Mexico declares war on U.S., Germany would give them land after war
4. Russian Revolution – Czar is overthrown
U.S. Involvement in WWI
1917 – Wilson declares
War
“make the world safe for democracy”
Mobilizing Troops
• Sent 14,500 men and $$$ immediately
• Selective Service Act – all men between 21-30 must register
24 million registered3 million drafted
• Trained and transported by convoy (thwarted u-boats)
Homefront
• Liberty Bonds - $20 million• Factories – commercial goods -> war
goods• Lever Food and Fuel Control Act – Herbert
Hoover controlled food pricing/rationing, daylight savings time
• Fear of German-Americans • Sedition Act of 1918 – illegal to discuss
anything disloyal about the U.S. government, army, navy
End of War
• Bolshevik Revolution – Russians signed truce with Germany
• Germany refocused attention on western front – gave one more big push
• Germany overwhelmed by U.S.
Signed armistice (cease-fire) – November 1918
8 million soldiers/sailors died (est.) = average of about 5,000 a day
22 million dead
U.S. losses
48,000 battle deaths
2,900 missing in action
56,000 disease related deaths
Versailles Treaty
• League of Nations
• 9 new nations created from Germany
• Middle East divided up
• $33 million in war reparations for Germany
• Makes Germany admit responsibility
Effects of War on U.S.
• U.S. emerged as a leading industrial power
• More migration north by African Americans (Great Migration)
• Intensified anti-immigrant sentiments
• Brought women into workplace –
1920 = 19th Amendment