American HistoryAmerican History

Unit 10:Unit 10:

Age of Jacksonian PoliticsAge of Jacksonian Politics

The Age of JacksonThe Age of Jackson

I. Andrew Jackson, known as "Old Hickory"

A. Hero of the War of 1812 (Battle of New Orleans)

B. Famous Indian fighter (The Seminoles and the Creek.)

C. Represented the common man.

The Election of 1824I. Corrupt Bargain

A. William Crawford expected to win the presidential election but he suffered

stroke.

B. Race now between Andrew Jackson, John Q. Adams, and Henry Clay.

1. No clear majority winner.

a. House had to decide the winner.

2. Henry Clay got his states to support John Q. Adams.

a. Henry Clay became Adam's Secretary of State

C. John Q. Adams elected President. (John Adams' son)

Jackson John Q. Adams Crawford Clay

HISTORY FUN FACT:

President John Quincy Adams owned a pet alligator, which he kept in the East Room of

the White House.

The Election of 1828

I. Andrew Jackson: Seemed like the unbeatable candidate.

A. Andrew Jackson vs. John Q. Adams (incumbent)

B. Jackson won!!!1. Wife died before he entered office.

a. Died after scandalous campaign.

1a. Jackson’s opponents discovered her divorce from her first husband

wasn’t finalized before she and Jackson got married.

C. Selected John C. Calhoun as Vice President.

D. Selected Martin Van Buren as ambassador to Great Britain.

1. Calhoun opposed selection of Van Buren and he was recalled.

2. This event was the beginning of hard feelings between Jackson and Calhoun.

Until 2001,

John Q. Adams was

the only son of a

former President to

become President

himself.

�Andrew Jackson was the first

U.S. President to ride in a railroad

train.

�Andrew Jackson’s tombstone

does not mention that he served as

the president of the United States.

The Election of 1828The Election of 1828

The Election of 1832

I. Andrew Jackson won again.

A. Replaced Calhoun with Van Buren as Vice President.

1. Calhoun got upset and returned to South Carolina.

B. The development of the Spoils System.

1. Practice of hiring friends and placing them in government positions.

a. The practice remained for years.

History Fun Fact:

Andrew Jackson was

the first president to

have an assassination

attempt made against

him. The two pistols

misfired and Jackson

beat the man severely

with his cane.

Jackson got into several

duels with pistols. He

had a bullet lodged in

his arm for years.

Election 1832 Election 1832

CandidatesCandidates

Nullification Crisis of 1832

I. John C. Calhoun led the state of South Carolina in protest of the Protective

Tariff of 1832.

A. Calhoun believed that the tariff would harm the southern markets.

B. Jackson viewed this act as treason and threatened to arrest Calhoun.

C. The tariff was nullified and the threat ended.

1. Calhoun believed the southern states had the right to secede, and he

openly voiced his opinion.

2. Soon other Southerners would join in voicing their beliefs.

How a Tariff WorkedHow a Tariff Worked

Why Northerners Wanted TariffsWhy Northerners Wanted Tariffs

Why Southerners Hated TariffsWhy Southerners Hated Tariffs

(Wanted Free(Wanted Free--Trade)Trade)

Other Highlights of the Jackson Years

I. The Bank WarA. The Senate overwhelmingly passed a bill to re-charter the Bank of the

United States.

B. Jackson vetoed the bill because of his dislike of banks.

1. Jackson thought that banks only benefited the wealthy.

2. Caused the Panic of 1837.

a. National Bank called in all debts owed.

b. People didn't have it… that’s why they borrowed the money in the first

place.

The Forced Removal of Indians

I. “The Civilized Tribes"A. Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Seminoles.

1. Called civilized because many accepted White laws, built farms, schools, and

adopted written languages.

II. Trail of Tears.

A. Andrew Jackson sided with settlers and demanded that the Indians be removed

from land sought by land-hungry farmers.

B. Indians petitioned U.S. Supreme Court to keep land.

1. Supreme Court ruled in favor of Indians.

a. President Jackson said," Let the Court support its decision."

b. The Supreme Court was powerless.

2. Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act in 1830.

a. Military sent to round up Indians.

b. Forced Civilized Tribes to give up lands in Southeast U.S. and moved to the

Indian Nations (Oklahoma)

1b. Area was swampy and in terrible condition.

c. Many Indians died on journey.

Trail of Tears:

The forced removal of

Indians in the American

Southeast to Oklahoma

killed thousands of

Indians.

The Trail of Tears

The Forced Removal of Indians Map

III. Seminole War (1835-1842)

A. Resisted removal from Florida.

1. Led by Chief Osceola.

2. War was very costly for the U.S.

3. Seminoles were defeated and sent to Oklahoma.

a. Many Seminoles escaped and hid in swamps

and remained in Florida.

American soldiers

search for well-

hidden Seminole

Indians in Florida’s

swamplands. The

Seminole fought to

remain to their lands.

Chief Osceola

Seminole War

Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions

1. Given the ideals of the American Revolution, why do you think

Andrew Jackson’s policies were so popular?

2. What arguments would you make against the removal of the Cherokee

from Georgia?

The Election of 1836

I. Martin Van Buren elected President.

A. His Presidency came under fire after he inherited Jackson’s financial problems.

1. The Panic of 1837 and other economic troubles caused by Jackson’s Bank War

threatened Van Buran's administration.

a. Van Buran elected to only one term.

Martin Van Buran:

His Presidency came under fire after he

inherited Jackson’s financial problems.

HISTORY FUN FACT:

Martin Van Buren was the first President to be

born in the United States. His predecessors were all

born in the colonies while they were still under the

control of England.

The Election of 1840

I. William Henry Harrison - Whig Party

A. Hero of Battle of Tippecanoe

B. Campaigned as the "man of the people."

C. Harrison died five weeks after he became President.

1. He served the shortest time in office.

II. Vice President John Tyler became the new President

A. Vetoed several Whig-sponsored bills.

B. Tyler's entire cabinet resigned out of protest.

C. Tyler was not re-nominated for President and kicked out of Whig Party.

William Henry Harrison:

Died five weeks after he

became President. He

served the shortest time in

office.

John Tyler: This former

U.S. President became a

member of the

Confederate government

during the Civil War.

He was considered a

traitor and when he died

he was not given any

recognition.

Age of Jacksonian Politics Review

1. Explain why Andrew Jackson was so popular with the common man.

2. Describe the "Corrupt Bargain."

3. What was the "Spoils System?"

4. Describe the Nullification Crisis of 1832.

5. What was the Bank War?

6. Describe the events of the Indian Removal Act.

7. Describe the presidency of Martin Van Buren.

8. Describe the presidencies of William Henry Harrison and John Tyler.

Terms to KnowTerms to Know

Andrew Jackson "Old Hickory"

Corrupt Bargain

William Crawford

John Q. Adams

John C. Calhoun

Martin Van Buren

Spoils System

Nullification Crisis of 1832

South Carolina

Bank War

Panic of 1837

National Bank

Civilized Tribes

Trail of Tears

Indian Removal Act in 1830

Oklahoma

Seminole War

Chief Osceola

William Henry Harrison

John Tyler