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AMERICAN HISTORY 1

N.C. COMMON EXAM REVIEW PACKET

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Unit One: Obedient Servants:

North America Before Columbus European Exploration

1. Land Bridge/Beringia: Nomadic

2. Transition to Civilization: The Agricultural Revolution:

3. The Agricultural Revolution let to: a) b) c) d)

4. First Civilizations:

5. Fill in the chart:

Civilization Location Fact Maya Mexico City Inca

6. North American Natives:

Tribe Location Fact

Pueblo People

Ceremonial burial places Iroquois

7. Iroquois Confederacy:

8. 5 Civilized Tribes:

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9. What defines civilization:

10. Three Sister Farming:

Europeans Seek the East

1. 3G’s: 2. Goal: Find a route to _______ by sailing _______. Why?

3. New technology for exploration:

a) Compass: b) Astrolabe: c) Caravel:

4. Explorers Chart

Name Country Importance

Henry the Navigator Portugal Portugal Vasco de Gama Portugal Spain Amerigo Vespucci Ponce de Leon Vasco de Balboa Ferdinand Magellan Hernan Cortez

Francisco Pizarro

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5. Columbian Exchange:

6. Treaty of Tordesillas Demarcation line Spain:   Portugal “Short end of the stick”: 7. Settlement: English: French: Spanish:

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AMERICAN HISTORY 1 Exploration-1877 STUDY GUIDE English Settlement in the Chesapeake Region 1587 The Lost Colony 1607 Jamestown John Smith Starving Time Tobacco Indentured Servants- Slaves Triangle Trade 1619 Virginia House of Burgesses 1676 Bacons Rebellion English Settlement in New England 1620 Pilgrims

Mayflower Compact Puritans-literate/ Old Deluder Act John Winthrop- shining city upon a hill Massachusetts Bay Colony 1676 “King Philips War” 1686-89 Dominion of New England 1700’s European Enlightenment 1735 Zenger Trial 1739 Stono Rebellion 1740’s Great Awakening- Jonathon Edwards 1754 Albany Plan of Union Benjamin Franklin 1754-1763 French and Indian War Salutary Neglect Virtual Representation

Patrick Henry 1763 Proclamation of 1763

Taxation Begins 1765 Stamp Act Stamp Act Congress- Boycotts Son’s of Liberty 1767 Townshend Acts 1770 Boston Massacre 1773 Dec. Boston Tea Party

Thinkers Thought

Locke

Rousseau

Montesquieu

Who was a Loyalist? Who was a Patriot?

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1774 Intolerable Acts Committees of Correspondence 1774 Sept. 1st Continental Congress meets 1774-1781 Revolutionary War 1775 April Lexington and Concord 1775 May 2nd Continental Congress 1776 Jan. Common Sense Thomas Paine 1776 July Declaration of Independence What are the Natural Rights? 1776 Dec. The Crisis Thomas Paine 1777 Oct. Saratoga 1781 Oct. Yorktown 1783 Treaty of Paris 1781-1789 Articles of Confederation 1787 Northwest Ordinance 1787 Feb. Shays Rebellion 1787 May Constitutional Convention

Federalism James Madison/Virginia Plan Great Compromise 3/5 Compromise Federalists/Anti-Federalists Bill of Rights 1787-1788 Federalist Papers 1788-1797 Washington Chosen as President

PRECEDENT Unwritten Constitution

Establishes the first cabinet Set up the Supreme Court

Political Parties Two Party System Begins Hamilton- (loose) Federalists Jefferson- (strict) Dem-Republicans

Foreign Affairs

Neutrality Jay’s Treaty Pinckney's Treaty

Federalists Dem-Republicans

Weaknesses

Accomplishments

Articles of

Confederation

“Small islands, not capable of protecting themselves, are the proper objects for

kingdoms to take under their care; but there is something absurd, in supposing a continent to be perpetually governed by an island.” Tomas Paine, Common Sense

Who are these people?

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Domestic Issues

National Bank 1794 Whiskey Rebellion- (enforcement of Federal Law) 1793 Eli Whitney/ Cotton Gin 1796-1801 Adams Elected President

Naturalization, Alien and Sedition Acts Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

1797 XYZ Affair

1801 Midnight Judges John Marshall- strengthening of the Federal Government Federal Government Power Grows Supreme Court Decisions

Marbury v. Madison- judicial review McCullough v. Maryland- national supremacy Gibbons v. Ogden- interstate commerce

1800-1809 Jefferson Elected President Election of 1800/ Hamilton- 12th Amendment

1803 Louisiana Purchase/ Lewis and Clark Exploration 1803 Marbury Vs. Madison Established Supreme Court power of Judicial Review 1800’s British Orders in Council complicates neutral trade with France 1807 Embargo Act of 1807- in response to the Chesapeake incident. 1808-1817 Madison Elected President Battle of Fallen Timbers- Treaty of Greenville Battle of Tippecanoe War Hawks 1812 War of 1812 Hartford Convention 1814 Dec. Treaty of Ghent

Did John Marshall demonstrate a Strict or Loose view of the Constitution?

What was the purpose of the Lewis and Clark Expedition?

What did Washington say about our involvement in foreign affairs?

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1815 Jan. Battle of New Orleans 1816-1825 Monroe Elected President “Era of Good Feelings”

“Nationalism” “Sectionalism”

1790- 1800’s Samuel Slater/Industrial Revolution North- Industrial VS. South- Agricultural 1816 American System Henry Clay/ John C. Calhoun

1. Protective Tariffs 2. Internal Improvements 3. 2nd Bank of the US 1820 Compromise of 1820 Missouri Compromise 36 30 Constitutional??? 1823 Dec. Monroe Doctrine No more colonization in Western Hemisphere 1824 Gibbons v. Ogden 1824-1829 John Quincy Adams Elected President Election of 1824: Corrupt Bargain/ Henry Clay 1828-1837 Jackson Elected President- spoils system 1833-1836 National Bank Destroyed AKA: BUS

Pet Banks Land Boom Specie Circular

Nicholas Biddle The Tariff Debate/ Nullification 1828 Tariff of Abominations John C. Calhoun Hayne vs. Webster Debates 1832 1833 Compromise of 1833 1830’s Worchester v. Georgia Trail of Tears 1831 Nat Turners Rebellion

List some Internal Improvements 1 2 3 4

What did Gibbons v. Ogden say about interstate commerce?

What did the protective tariffs of the American System protect?

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1836 Texas gains Independence Alamo Sam Houston 1820's-1850's Era of Reform and Change Transcendentalism Emerson Thoreau Self Reliance Civil Disobedience Utopias American Art Develops

Hudson River School- paintings that emphasized natural Beauty

Currier and Ives Lithography American Literature Develops- emphasized "American" themes

Washington Irving- Rip Van Winkle, Legend of Sleepy Hollow James Fennimore Cooper- Last of the Mohicans, Deerslayer Nathaniel Hawthorne- Scarlet Letter Edgar Allan Poe- poet, short story writer, and critic Henry David Thoreau- Civil Disobedience/ Walden Harriet Beecher Stowe- Uncle Toms Cabin

Benevolent Societies- Lyman Beecher

Religion/Revivalism Second Great Awakening

Reform In Schools and Prisons Dorthea Dix- helps the mentally ill

Horace Mann- helps require standards for schools Alex De Tocqeville- wrote "Democracy in America" - condemned slavery and prison system Abolition Movement William Lloyd Garrison- The Liberator Frederick Douglass- North Star Gag rule Grimke' Sisters Sojourner Truth Uncle Tom’s Cabin Industrialization

Name some early signs of sectionalism.

How can we say writers in the first half of the 19th Century "Americanized" literature and art?

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Lowell Mills Women and Children Working Organization of Labor Unions Erie Canal/Railroads Women's Suffrage Movement 1848 Seneca Falls Convention Declaration of Sentiments Elizabeth Cady Stanton Lucretia Mott Susan B. Anthony

1836-1841 Martin Van Buren Elected President 1837 Panic of 1837 1840 Treasury Established 1840-1841 William Henry Harrison Elected President

Dead in 30 days 1841-1845 John Tyler becomes President Split with the Whig Party 1845 Dec. Texas becomes a State 1844-1849 James K. Polk becomes President Manifest Destiny 1846-1848 War With Mexico Rio Grande 1848 Feb. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Mexican Cession Popular Sovereignty Ignites the issue of expanding slavery into the territories 1848-1850 Zachary Taylor is Elected President

War Hero Whig Dies in office

1850-1853 Millard Fillmore Becomes President 1850 Compromise of 1850 California Free Stronger Fugitive Slave Laws A lot riding on the Compromise 1852-1857 Franklin Pierce Elected President

What was the main issue when a territory applied for statehood?

How did California have enough people to become a

state?

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1852 Uncle Toms Cabin published

1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act “Bleeding Kansas” What was the official Republican party platform regarding slavery? 1856-1861 James Buchanan Elected President 1857 Dred Scott Case Makes the South happy Declared the Missouri Compromise Unconstitutional

SLAVES ARE PROPERTY

1858 Lincoln-Douglas Debates Freeport Doctrine 1859 John Browns Raid on Harpers Ferry- HERO or TERRORIST? 1860-1865 Lincoln Elected President If Lincoln is elected the South will secede 1860-1861 The South Secedes- forms the CSA

2 Plans 1. North- 3 parts “Anaconda”

2. South- Defense!

1861 April Fort Sumter 1862 Monitor vs. Merrimack 1862 Homestead Act to encourage settlement in plains 1863 Jan. 1 Emancipation Proclamation Copperheads Radical Republicans South will fight "to the death" 1863 July Gettysburg 1863 July Vicksburg 1865 April Lee Surrenders to Grant at Appomattox 1865 April Lincoln Assassinated 1865-1869 Johnson becomes President

1865 Reconstruction Begins Congress vs. President Johnson Radicals- Wade Davis Bill Presidential 10%

What are your “top 3” causes of the Civil War?

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2

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Formation of the Republican

Party

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Sharecropper Tenant Farmer Freedmen’s Bureau Established to aid former slaves 1865 13th Amendment- Abolishes Slavery 1866 Civil Rights Act of 1866 Civil Rights/ no black codes/ Citizenship Leads to 14th Amendment 1867 Reconstruction Act of 1867 Voting for Blacks If South Ratifies the 14th Amendment they will be re-admitted Divided the South into 5 military districts Leads to 15th Amendment 1865-1877 Resistance To Reconstruction

Carpetbaggers Scalawags Segregation KKK 1867 Alaska 1868 Johnson Impeached 1868-1876 Grant is Elected President

Supported by the Radicals Gilded Age/ Corruption

1876-1881 Rutherford B. Hayes Elected President 1877 Compromise of 1877

Reconstruction Ends New South Solid South Jim Crow Laws