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Roanoke
• F
The first English settlement
FIt failed.
The colony disappeared.
Sir Walter Raleigh was the founder.
Trouble in Jamestown
Settlers came from towns—they
didn’t know how to live in the
woods.
Settlers didn’t know how to hunt, but they didn’t know how to farm either.
Upper class “gentlemen” refused to
do hard work.And the leaders
argued all the time.
Jamestown was on swampy land, and mosquitoes brought malaria.
How Jamestown survivedits first two winters
A strong leader Help from Powhatan
Captain John Smith
John Smith traded goods for food from Powhatan.
“the starving time”
In 1609 a new governor and 400 new settlers came to the colony.
Winter of 1609 - 1610
There wasn’t enough food for everyone.
People ate dogs, rats, snakes, toadstools, horsehides – and some people became cannibals.
Only 60 people survived the winter.
tobacco
A vile weed . . . stinking to the nose, harmful to the brain, and dangerous to the lungs –King James
The crop that saved Jamestown
John Rolfe
Pocohontas
House of Burgesses
• the first example of self-government in the colonies
Virginia’s first general assembly
Pilgrims
• Separated from the Anglican Church to form their own congregations
• Went to Holland to escape persecution, and then moved to America
• Landed on Cape Cod
Called their colony “Plymouth”
1620
The Mayflower Compact
Even before they got off the Mayflower, the Pilgrims agreed to sign this document. The Pilgrims
agreed to create a government and obey its laws.
The governor of Plymouth Colony was
Squanto
This Native American taught the Pilgrims how to live in their new world.
The Pilgrims joined their Native American friends to celebrate and give thanks to God – the first Thanksgiving.
Massachusetts Bay Colony
“We shall be like a City upon a Hill . . .
John Winthrop, governor of the Puritans
The Puritans came to escape religious persecution in England.
1630
*City on a Hill = a model (ideal) Christian community
• A General Court of representatives made laws but only male church members could vote.
• The Puritans had very strict laws: • no games on Sunday • everyone must attend church • a dress code
• The penalty for witchcraft was death
* You will learn more about the Salem witchcraft trials in American Lit.
Rhode Island
Church State
He said Church and State should be separate
So Roger Williams was kicked out of Plymouth, Massachusetts.
Roger Williams founded a colony (Rhode Island) where different religious beliefs were allowed.
Anne Hutchinson
She a female Puritan teacher.
She was banished –kicked out-- for heresy.
Anne Hutchinson went to Rhode Island.
*Religious freedom was a key part of the charter of Rhode Island.
Ministers said a woman cannot teach men.
ConnecticutThomas Hooker and his congregation wanted to leave Massachusetts to have more land to raise cattle. The government of Massachusetts was too powerful.
Hooker thought everyone should be able to vote, not just church members.
The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut was a constitution which allowed ALL ADULT white MEN to vote (not just church members).
New England Colonies
“New England Way”• Church AND
Government were the center of life.
Education was important so that they could read
Harvard, the 1st American college, trained preachers
New Yorkand New Jersey
The Dutch founded New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island.
The Dutch surrendered to the English king, who gave it to his brother, the Duke of York.
Later the Duke gave some of his land away, and it was named New Jersey.
Pennsylvania
William Penn
A Quaker who called his colony a “Holy Experiment”*
*Quakers were pacifists—they were opposed to war Quakers believed all people are equal (so they were in favor of women’s rights and against slavery).
Penn called his colony “a holy experiment” because he wanted it to be a model of peace and religious freedom.
Philadelphia = the city of brotherly love
Maryland
Lord Baltimore: George Calvert
• A haven for Catholics
Act of Toleration• Protected freedom of
religion
Carolinas
King Charles gave land to friends.
Charles Town was named for him.
The colony developed as 2 separate regions: North Carolina and South Carolina.