American Diplomacy in American Diplomacy in AsiaAsia

Chapter 14 Section 3Chapter 14 Section 3

American Diplomacy in AsiaAmerican Diplomacy in Asia

By 1899—US was the third largest By 1899—US was the third largest navy in the worldnavy in the world

The nation’s primary interest in Asia The nation’s primary interest in Asia was commerce not conqueringwas commerce not conquering

The Open Door PolicyThe Open Door Policy

Sino-Japanese War Sino-Japanese War Japan (easily) Japan (easily) defeated China (who had a massive defeated China (who had a massive military) for control of Koreamilitary) for control of Korea• Japan also got ManchuriaJapan also got Manchuria

Russians concerned about JapanRussians concerned about Japan• Manchuria bordered RussiaManchuria bordered Russia

Russia got France and Germany to Russia got France and Germany to back them up and forced Japan to back them up and forced Japan to return Manchuriareturn Manchuria

The Open Door PolicyThe Open Door Policy

1898—Russia demanded China 1898—Russia demanded China leaselease the the territory to Russiaterritory to Russia• Leasing a territory Leasing a territory still belonged to China, still belonged to China,

but foreign gov’t had overall controlbut foreign gov’t had overall control Germany, France, and Britain demanded Germany, France, and Britain demanded

“leaseholds” in China, too“leaseholds” in China, too Sphere of influenceSphere of influence—an area where a —an area where a

foreign nation controlled economic foreign nation controlled economic developmentdevelopment

Open Door PolicyOpen Door Policy

U.S. didn’t like all this “sphere of U.S. didn’t like all this “sphere of influence” businessinfluence” business

Open Door PolicyOpen Door Policy—everyone should be —everyone should be allowed to trade with Chinaallowed to trade with China

1899—Secretary of State, 1899—Secretary of State, John HayJohn Hay, sent , sent notes to countries with leaseholds in China notes to countries with leaseholds in China asking them not to discriminate against asking them not to discriminate against other nations wanting to do business in other nations wanting to do business in their sphere of influencetheir sphere of influence

The Boxer RebellionThe Boxer Rebellion

Secret Chinese societies organized to fight Secret Chinese societies organized to fight foreign controlforeign control

Society of Harmonious FistsSociety of Harmonious Fists (Boxers) (Boxers)• 19001900• Decided to destroy both “foreign devils” and Decided to destroy both “foreign devils” and

Chinese Christian convertsChinese Christian converts• Besieged foreign embassies, killed over 200 Besieged foreign embassies, killed over 200

foreigners and took others prisonerforeigners and took others prisoner• After German ambassador to China killed, eight After German ambassador to China killed, eight

nations decided to take actionnations decided to take action

The Boxer RebellionThe Boxer Rebellion

8 nations: Germany, Austria-Hungary, 8 nations: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Britain, France, Italy, Japan, Russia, and Britain, France, Italy, Japan, Russia, and U.S.U.S.

22ndnd Open Door Notes Open Door Notes—Hays convinced —Hays convinced participating powers to accept participating powers to accept compensation from China for damages compensation from China for damages instead of turning all of China into coloniesinstead of turning all of China into colonies

U.S. retained access to China’s lucrative U.S. retained access to China’s lucrative trade in tea, spices, and silk as well as the trade in tea, spices, and silk as well as the Chinese market for U.S. goodsChinese market for U.S. goods