Notes:Chapter 17 Section 1

“America Mobilizes for War”

I.) The Aftermath of Pearl Harbor

• 2, 403 Americans killed• 1, 178 American wounded• 21 ships sunk/damaged• 300 aircraft

damaged/destroyed

http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/fdrpearlharbor.htm

A. Japan hoped to show Japanese Power and Strike fear into America

B. What they got: “Patriotism”1. Battle cry “Remember Pearl Harbor” 2. Million Americans join militaryhttp://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/fdrpearlharbor.htm

C. 5 million Americans volunteer

D. Selective Service System (draft) provide 10 million men

E. Segregated units for minority groups

F. Noncombat role until April 1943

G. Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC): supported by General George Marshall which allowed women volunteers to serve in noncombat positions

1. Established

in May, 1942

H. Served as nurses, ambulance drivers, radio operators, electricians, and pilots (noncombat jobs)

A. Men and Women go to work for the war effort

B. Factories to war production

1. Automobile plants convert to produce tanks, planes, boats, and military vehicles

C. Shipyards and defense plants convert to meet wartime needs

II.) War Effort on the Home Front

C. 18 million workers in war industries

D. 6 million were women1. “Rosie the Riveter”= term given to women employed in war industries during WWII 2. earned 60% of male salary

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9GarCzR_6Ng

E. 2 million minority workers1. racial discrimination leads to labor leader A. Philip Randolph to convince FDR to allow full equality in war industries

A. In 1941 Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) established.Goal: bring scientists into war effort

B. Projects:1. radar & sonar 2. pesticides3. penicillin4. atomic bomb

III.) Mobilization of Scientists

C. 1939 German scientists split atomD. 1941 committee studies making bomb (3-5

years)E. 1942 Manhattan Project= program for

scientists to create the atomic bomb http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhSKqzwwypQ

A. Economic Controls: attempt by govt. to control rapid inflation and rising prices for products

IV.) Federal Govt. and Industry

1. Office of Price Administration (OPA): froze wages, prices on goods, & rent2. Department of the Treasury:

issue “war bonds” to raise money for

the war effort & fight inflation

3. The War Production Board (WPB): decided which companies to convert to war effort & allocated raw materials for war effort

A. Rationing: OPA set up a system which established fixed allotments of military essential goods each individual household can buy during WWI

V.) The Home Front

B. Examples of Items rationed: meat, shoes, sugar, coffee, and gasoline

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rKP-eQNP7gU

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pWlIfH8SR50