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Gause / Lustick : america and the r eGionaL Powers in a transforminG middLe east AmericA And the r egionAl Powers in A trAnsforming middle eAst F . Gr egory Gause, III, and Ian S. Lustick Dr . Gause is a pr ofessor of politi cal science at the Universi ty of V ermont and the author of The International Relations of the Persian Gulf (Cambridge University Press, 2010). Dr. Lustick is the Bess W. Heyman Professor of Political Science at the University of Pennsylvania and the author of Trapped in the War on Terror (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006). N ot many people have ever called the United States “nimble” in dealing with change in the Middle East. During the Cold War, it was the locals who exploited both superpowers, playing them off against each other to advance their own interests, while Washington and Moscow stared each other down. The end of the Cold W ar freed America to act with fewer constraints i n the region. Freedom from fear of the other superpower’s reaction bred recklessness under Bush II, producing the catastrophe of the Iraq invasion, from which the United States is still recovering. But the end of the Cold War has meant something different during the Obama ad- ministration. The exibility and nuance of its reactions to the Arab upheavals of 2011 reect a focus on changes in the region itself rather than calculations in a game with the Soviets or leftover ideological commitments to American hegemony . As people-power with an Islamic face sweeps away regime after regime in the Middle East, and as the long-feared implications of nuclear proliferation pose direct, real- time challenges to U.S. interests and allies, traditional American policies relying on “authoritarian stability” and Israeli military preponderance have come under serious strain. Fortunately , the current administra- tion has demonstrated the savvy necessary to adapt to these transformations. Howev- er, W ashington still faces challenges it may not know how to meet. Uncharacteristically for any great power operating in the Middle East, the United States seems to be perform- ing considerably better than most of the regional powers, who have seemed par- ticularly awkward in their responses to regime transformations and continuing turbulence. Israel, Saudi Arabia and Iran are all viewing regional events through old prisms. Israel operates as if caught in a nineteenth-century time warp of ro- mantic nationalism and the confrontation of Jews with the vicious forms of anti- Semitism unleashed in a rapidly modern- izing Europe. Key Z ionist pri nciples of Jewish self-reliance, national egoism and opportunistic expansionism that served the Jewish nationalist movement well in its

America and the Regional Powers in a Transforming Middle East by F. Gregory Gause, III and Ian S. Lustick

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7/31/2019 America and the Regional Powers in a Transforming Middle East by F. Gregory Gause, III and Ian S. Lustick

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7/31/2019 America and the Regional Powers in a Transforming Middle East by F. Gregory Gause, III and Ian S. Lustick

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