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319 ArchAeologicAl Fieldwork in estoniA 2011, 319–332 AMENDMENTS TO THE HERITAGE CONSERVATION ACT REGARDING PROTECTION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS IN 2011 ANTS KRAUT Muinsuskaitseamet (National Heritage Board), Uus 18, 10111 Tallinn, Estonia; [email protected] ,Q WKH SURWHFWLRQ RI DUFKDHRORJLFDO PRQXPHQWV ZDV PDUNHG ZLWK WKH DGRSWLRQ of amendments to the heritage conservation Act and other related legislative acts. the heritage conservation Act regulates in general the protection of archaeological PRQXPHQWV DUFKDHRORJLFDO ÀQGV DQG XQGHUZDWHU FXOWXUDO KHULWDJH $ QXPEHU RI LPSOH- mentation acts are based on the heritage conservation Act. the heritage conservation $FW ZDV DGRSWHG LQ D QHZ DPHQGHG $FW FDPH LQWR IRUFH LQ DQG LV LQ JHQHUDO terms valid today. the amendments and updates introduced in 2011 did not alter the EDVLF VWUXFWXUH RU WKH FRQWHQW RI WKH OHJLVODWLYH DFW \HW VLJQLÀFDQW FKDQJHV ZHUH LQWUR- GXFHG LQ WZR DUHDV WKH SURWHFWLRQ RI XQGHUZDWHU KHULWDJH DQG WKH VHDUFK IRU ÀQGV ZLWK a cultural value. the article looks into these and some related changes in the legislation. FROM ROUND TABLE TO LEGISLATIVE PROPOSAL $PHQGPHQWV WR WKH +HULWDJH &RQVHUYDWLRQ $FW FRYHU D QXPEHU RI ÀHOGV WKH WRWDO RI VHYHQ GLIIHUHQW DFWV ZHUH XSGDWHG WR D FHUWDLQ H[WHQW 7KH DPHQGPHQW RI WKH +HULWDJH &RQVHUYDWLRQ $FW ZDV LQLWLDWHG ÀYH \HDUV DJR ODUJHO\ IURP WKH QHHG WR EHWWHU SURWHFW DUFKDHRORJLFDO PRQXPHQWV $ URXQG WDEOH ZDV VXPPRQHG E\ WKH 1DWLRQDO +HULWDJH %RDUG LQ DXWXPQ DLPLQJ DW ÀQGLQJ VRPH VROXWLRQV WR WKH JURZLQJ SUREOHP RI XVLQJ PHWDO VHDUFK GHYLFHV .UDXW ,OOHJDO H[FDYDWLRQ RI DUFKDHRORJLFDO REMHFWV WUHDVXUH KXQWLQJ DQG ORRWLQJ DQFLHQW VLWHV ZDV JURZLQJ DW IXOO VSHHG 8OVW ² the round table formulated proposals on the use of search devices and handling objects of heritage value. regardless of differences of opinion among archaeologists, WKHVH LGHDV ZHUH XVHG DV EDVLV IRU SURSRVLQJ DPHQGPHQWV WR WKH +HULWDJH &RQVHUYDWLRQ $FW $OUHDG\ LQ )HEUXDU\ DUFKDHRORJLVWV KDG VHQW D SXEOLF OHWWHU WR WKH 0LQLVWU\ RI &XOWXUH .UDXW GUDZLQJ DWWHQWLRQ WR WKH LQFUHDVLQJ ORRWLQJ RI DUFKDHRORJLFDO PRQXPHQWV DQG WKH QHFHVVLW\ WR LWV OHJLVODWLYH UHJXODWLRQ 6LPXOWDQHRXVO\ WZR %DFK- HORU DQG RQH 0DVWHU WKHVHV FRQFHQWUDWHG RQ WKLV WRSLF GHVFULELQJ WKH GLIIHUHQW YLHZV RI DUFKDHRORJLVWV LQ ÀQGLQJ SRVVLEOH VROXWLRQV .DQJHUW 8OVW 3URSRVDOV ZHUH PDGH WR WKH HQWLUH +HULWDJH &RQVHUYDWLRQ $FW +&$ DQG FRQVHTXHQWO\ SDUDJUDSKV IURP ZHUH DPHQGHG $PHQGPHQWV WR WKH +&$ 7KH PRVW VHULRXV SUREOHP WR DGGUHVV ZDV WKH XVH RI PHWDO GHWHFWRUV 3URSRVDOV WR UHJXODWH WKLV ÀHOG ZHUH PDGH E\ DVVRFLDWLRQV RI ORFDO DXWKRULWLHV UHOHYDQW LQVWLWXWLRQV and interest groups. the Forum of estonian detector Users appealed to Riigikogu

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319

ArchAeologicAl Fieldwork in estoniA 2011, 319–332

AMENDMENTS TO THE HERITAGE CONSERVATION ACT REGARDING PROTECTION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS IN 2011

ANTS KRAUTMuinsuskaitseamet (National Heritage Board), Uus 18, 10111 Tallinn, Estonia; [email protected]

,Q� ����� WKH� SURWHFWLRQ� RI� DUFKDHRORJLFDO� PRQXPHQWV� ZDV�PDUNHG� ZLWK� WKH� DGRSWLRQ�of amendments to the heritage conservation Act and other related legislative acts. the heritage conservation Act regulates in general the protection of archaeological PRQXPHQWV��DUFKDHRORJLFDO�ÀQGV�DQG�XQGHUZDWHU�FXOWXUDO�KHULWDJH��$�QXPEHU�RI�LPSOH-mentation acts are based on the heritage conservation Act. the heritage conservation $FW�ZDV�DGRSWHG�LQ�������D�QHZ�DPHQGHG�$FW�FDPH�LQWR�IRUFH�LQ������DQG�LV�LQ�JHQHUDO�terms valid today. the amendments and updates introduced in 2011 did not alter the EDVLF�VWUXFWXUH�RU�WKH�FRQWHQW�RI�WKH�OHJLVODWLYH�DFW��\HW�VLJQLÀFDQW�FKDQJHV�ZHUH�LQWUR-GXFHG�LQ�WZR�DUHDV��WKH�SURWHFWLRQ�RI�XQGHUZDWHU�KHULWDJH�DQG�WKH�VHDUFK�IRU�ÀQGV�ZLWK�a cultural value. the article looks into these and some related changes in the legislation.

FROM ROUND TABLE TO LEGISLATIVE PROPOSAL$PHQGPHQWV�WR�WKH�+HULWDJH�&RQVHUYDWLRQ�$FW�FRYHU�D�QXPEHU�RI�ÀHOGV��WKH�WRWDO�RI�VHYHQ�GLIIHUHQW�DFWV�ZHUH�XSGDWHG�WR�D�FHUWDLQ�H[WHQW��7KH�DPHQGPHQW�RI�WKH�+HULWDJH�&RQVHUYDWLRQ�$FW�ZDV�LQLWLDWHG�ÀYH�\HDUV�DJR�ODUJHO\�IURP�WKH�QHHG�WR�EHWWHU�SURWHFW�DUFKDHRORJLFDO�PRQXPHQWV��$�URXQG� WDEOH�ZDV�VXPPRQHG�E\� WKH�1DWLRQDO�+HULWDJH�%RDUG�LQ�DXWXPQ������DLPLQJ�DW�ÀQGLQJ�VRPH�VROXWLRQV�WR�WKH�JURZLQJ�SUREOHP�RI�XVLQJ� PHWDO�VHDUFK�GHYLFHV��.UDXW������������,OOHJDO�H[FDYDWLRQ�RI�DUFKDHRORJLFDO�REMHFWV�� WUHDVXUH�KXQWLQJ�DQG�ORRWLQJ�DQFLHQW�VLWHV�ZDV�JURZLQJ�DW�IXOO�VSHHG��8OVW����������²������ the round table formulated proposals on the use of search devices and handling objects of heritage value. regardless of differences of opinion among archaeologists, WKHVH�LGHDV�ZHUH�XVHG�DV�EDVLV�IRU�SURSRVLQJ�DPHQGPHQWV�WR�WKH�+HULWDJH�&RQVHUYDWLRQ�$FW��$OUHDG\�LQ�)HEUXDU\������DUFKDHRORJLVWV�KDG�VHQW�D�SXEOLF�OHWWHU�WR�WKH�0LQLVWU\�RI�&XOWXUH��.UDXW�����������GUDZLQJ�DWWHQWLRQ�WR�WKH�LQFUHDVLQJ�ORRWLQJ�RI�DUFKDHRORJLFDO�PRQXPHQWV�DQG�WKH�QHFHVVLW\�WR�LWV�OHJLVODWLYH�UHJXODWLRQ��6LPXOWDQHRXVO\�WZR�%DFK-HORU�DQG�RQH�0DVWHU�WKHVHV�FRQFHQWUDWHG�RQ�WKLV�WRSLF��GHVFULELQJ�WKH�GLIIHUHQW�YLHZV�RI�DUFKDHRORJLVWV�LQ�ÀQGLQJ�SRVVLEOH�VROXWLRQV��.DQJHUW�������8OVW��������������3URSRVDOV�ZHUH�PDGH�WR�WKH�HQWLUH�+HULWDJH�&RQVHUYDWLRQ�$FW��+&$��������DQG�FRQVHTXHQWO\����SDUDJUDSKV�IURP����ZHUH�DPHQGHG��$PHQGPHQWV�WR�WKH�+&$�������

7KH�PRVW�VHULRXV�SUREOHP�WR�DGGUHVV�ZDV�WKH�XVH�RI�PHWDO�GHWHFWRUV��3URSRVDOV� WR�UHJXODWH�WKLV�ÀHOG�ZHUH�PDGH�E\�DVVRFLDWLRQV�RI�ORFDO�DXWKRULWLHV��UHOHYDQW�LQVWLWXWLRQV� and interest groups. the Forum of estonian detector Users appealed to Riigikogu

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�WKH�3DUOLDPHQW��WR�SUHYHQW�DGRSWLQJ�WKH�OHJLVODWLRQ�WKDW�LQ�WKHLU�RSLQLRQ�¶ZDV�SDUWO\�unconstitutional’. the constitution committee of the Riigikogu did not agree, argu-LQJ�WKDW�D�ÀQG�RI�FXOWXUDO�KHULWDJH�YDOXH�EHORQJV�WR�WKH�VWDWH�DQG�WKH�VWDWH�LV�REOLJHG�to protect cultural heritage. Riigikogu�DGRSWHG�WKH�DPHQGHG�$FW��ZKLFK�ZDV�WR�HQWHU�into force on 01.06.2011, supplemented by a number of implementation acts (Amend-ments to the hcA 2011, hcA 2011, Uch 2011, ktk 2011, klk 2011, kol 2011, Mtk 2011).

$PHQGPHQWV�LQ�WKH�ÀHOG�RI�DUFKDHRORJLFDO�DQG�XQGHUZDWHU�KHULWDJH�FRYHU�WKUHH�WRSLFV�²�5HJXODWLRQ�RI�WKH�SURWHFWLRQ�RI�XQGHUZDWHU�FXOWXUDO�KHULWDJH�– Find of cultural value, its search and use of search devices;– Minor single changes regarding archaeological monuments.

PROTECTION OF UNDERWATER CULTURAL HERITAGE$�VLJQLÀFDQW�FKDQJH� LQ�WKH� OHJLVODWLRQ� LV�D�VXSSOHPHQWHG� OLVW�RI� W\SHV�RI� LPPRYDEOH�KHULWDJH��7KH�QHZ� UHGDFWLRQ�GLIIHUHQWLDWHV� WKH� IRUPHU�XQGHUZDWHU� FXOWXUDO�KHULWDJH�into sunken vessels, aircrafts and other vehicles, their parts, cargo, content and sur-URXQGLQJV��$�VHSDUDWH�VHFWLRQ�ZDV�LQWURGXFHG�DERXW�GHWHUPLQDWLRQ�RI�XQGHUZDWHU�FXOWXUDO�KHULWDJH��7KH�QHZ�SDUDJUDSK�DOVR� IRUPXODWHV�VWDWH�RZQHUVKLS�DQG�PDQ-DJHPHQW� RI� XQGHUZDWHU� FXOWXUDO� KHULWDJH�� FKDUJHG� WR� WKH�1DWLRQDO�+HULWDJH�%RDUG�� $QRWKHU�FKDQJH�FRQFHUQLQJ�XQGHUZDWHU�FXOWXUDO�KHULWDJH�LV�WKH�REOLJDWLRQ�RI�WKH�(V-tonian Maritime Administration to include all relevant monuments on the navigation FKDUWV��7KLV�DPHQGPHQW�FRQGLWLRQV�FRRSHUDWLRQ�EHWZHHQ�WZR�JRYHUQPHQW�ERGLHV�²�WKH�national heritage Board and the estonian Maritime Administration. other state bod-ies cooperate on the basis of the paragraph concerning the surveillance of protection ]RQHV�RI�XQGHUZDWHU�FXOWXUDO�KHULWDJH��H�J��WKH�3ROLFH�DQG�%RUGHU�*XDUG�%RDUG��ZKR�has the necessary equipment and time resources. legislation offers the national herit-DJH�%RDUG�WKH�SRVVLELOLW\�WR�GHVLJQDWH�XQGHUZDWHU�FXOWXUDO�KHULWDJH�ZLWK�LQIRUPDWLRQ�signs on dry land it is the obligation of the national heritage Board to mark monu-PHQWV�ZLWK�DSSURSULDWH�VLJQV�

5HVWULFWLRQV�FRQFHUQLQJ�WKH�XVH�RI�PRQXPHQWV�ERWK�RQ�ODQG�DQG�XQGHU�ZDWHU�KDYH�EHHQ�VXSSOHPHQWHG�ZLWK�WKH�EDQ�WR�DQFKRU��WUDZO��GUHGJH�DQG�FDSVL]H�RQ�PRQXPHQWV��$�VHSDUDWH�SDUDJUDSK�LV�FRQFHUQHG�ZLWK�SHUPLWV�WR�GLYH�WR�DQ�XQGHUZDWHU�PRQXPHQW��'LYLQJ� WR� D�PRQXPHQW� VLJQLÀFDQWO\� GLIIHUV� IURP�ZDONLQJ� DURXQG� D�PRQXPHQW� DQG�therefore special rules have been determined. diving to a monument requires a permit DQG�VSHFLDO�FRQGLWLRQV�DQG�UXOHV�KDYH�WR�EH�IROORZHG��7KH�SHUPLW�LV�UHTXLUHG�WR�DYRLG�GDPDJH� WR� WKH�PRQXPHQW�� DQG� VWDWHV� WKDW� RQO\� SHUVRQV�ZKR�KDYH�SDVVHG� D� VSHFLDO�training may dive to monuments. Both individual divers and providers of such ser-vice are obliged to inform competent authorities about everything they observe under ZDWHU��$OVR� RWKHU�SDUDJUDSKV�GHVFULEH�GLVWLQFWLRQV� RI�XQGHUZDWHU� FXOWXUDO�KHULWDJH��)RU�H[DPSOH��WKH�UHZDUG�VWDWHG�LQ�SDUDJUDSK�����+&$�������GRHV�QRW�DSSO\�WR�ÀQGHUV�of sunken vessels, aircraft or other vehicles. For archaeological research in inland and ERUGHU�ZDWHU�ERGLHV��LQODQG�DQG�WHUULWRULDO�VHD�DQG�WKH�HFRQRPLF�]RQH�D�OLFHQVH�IURP�WKH�1DWLRQDO�+HULWDJH�%RDUG�LV�QHFHVVDU\��RWKHU�VLPLODU�VWXGLHV�UHTXLUH�SULRU�QRWLÀFD-tion of local authorities.

Ants krAUt

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the Act also determines the requirements for the study, conservation and res-WRUDWLRQ�RI�PRQXPHQWV��,Q�WKH�XQGHUZDWHU�DUFKDHRORJ\�WKHVH�UHTXLUHPHQWV�DUH�PXFK�stronger, due to the fragile condition of monuments and the amount of damage un-DXWKRULVHG�DFWLRQV�FDQ�FDXVH��7KHUHIRUH�WKH�$FW�UHTXLUHV�D�OLFHQVH�IRU�DOO�XQGHUZDWHU� DUFKDHRORJLFDO� UHVHDUFK�� LQFOXGLQJ� VWXGLHV� WKDW�GR�QRW�EHDU�DQG� LQÁXHQFH�RQ�XQGHU�ZDWHU�PRQXPHQWV��$OVR�FRPSDQLHV�WKDW�RIIHU�GLYLQJ�VHUYLFHV�WR�XQGHUZDWHU�PRQX-ments are required to have a license. As a comparison – similar research activities and guiding tourists around monuments on land do not need to be licensed.

when the legislation states certain requirements, it also has to include punish-PHQWV� IRU� WKRVH� YLRODWLQJ� WKH� ODZ�� 7KHUHIRUH� WKH� DPHQGHG�$FW� QRZ� KDV� D� VHSDUDWH�SDUDJUDSK� RQ�XQODZIXO� GLYLQJ� WR� XQGHUZDWHU� FXOWXUDO� KHULWDJH� ²� RQ� VXFK� FDVHV� WKH�SXQLVKPHQW�PD\�EH�XS�WR�����ÀQH�XQLWV�IRU�LQGLYLGXDOV�DQG�XS�WR������HXUR�IRU�MXULGL-FDO�SHUVRQV��7KLV�DPHQGPHQW�LV�RI�VLJQLÀFDQW�DVVLVWDQFH�LQ�LPSURYLQJ�WKH�SURWHFWLRQ�RI�XQGHUZDWHU�FXOWXUDO�KHULWDJH��(YHQ�WKRXJK�RQO\�D�VPDOO�SURSRUWLRQ�RI�XQGHUZDWHU�heritage may be considered proper archaeological monuments, this addition to the Act LV�RI�VLJQLÀFDQW�LPSRUWDQFH�LQ�VDIHJXDUGLQJ�WKH�KHULWDJH�WKDW�LV�RIWHQ�VKDUHG�EHWZHHQ�several countries that under ordinary circumstances could be easily destroyed due to WKH�ORFDWLRQ�LQ�GLIÀFXOW�WR�FRQWURO�HQYLURQPHQWV��

FINDS OF CULTURAL VALUE7KH�PDMRULW\�RI�DPHQGPHQWV�FRQFHUQLQJ�DUFKDHRORJ\�ZHUH�LQFOXGHG�LQ�&KDSWHU���RI�WKH�$FW��+&$��������7KLV�FKDSWHU�LV�FRQFHUQHG�ZLWK�ÀQGV�RI�FXOWXUDO�YDOXH��7KH�FRQFHSW�RI�D�ÀQG�RI�FXOWXUDO�YDOXH�DQG�WKDW�VXFK�ÀQGV�DUH�VWDWH�SURSHUW\�KDYH�UHPDLQHG�WKH�VDPH�VLQFH�WKH�YHU\�ÀUVW�&XOWXUDO�+HULWDJH�$FW��1RZ�WKH�SDUDJUDSK�ZDV�DPHQGHG�LQ�WZR�DV-SHFWV��)LUVW�²�WKH�ÀQGHU�RU�SRVVHVVRU�RI�D�ÀQG�RI�FXOWXUDO�YDOXH�PXVW�DOORZ�WKH�1DWLRQDO�heritage Board to identify it. this is a valuable amendment that makes it possible to LGHQWLI\�WKH�REMHFW�DQG�GHWHUPLQH�ZKHWKHU�VWDWH�RZQHUVKLS�LV�GXH��7KH�VHFRQG�DPHQG-PHQW�VWDWHV�WKDW�WKH�RZQHU�RI�LPPRYDEOH�KHULWDJH�LV�REOLJHG�WR�DOORZ�H[FDYDWLRQV�LQ�WKH�DUHD�RI�WKH�IRXQG�REMHFW��7KLV�DOVR�LV�D�VLJQLÀFDQW�UHVWULFWLRQ�RI�RZQHUVKLS��LQWHQGHG�WR�JUDQW�WKH�SRVVLELOLW\�WR�VWXG\�RU�UHVFXH�WKH�ÀQG��7KH�VWDWH�FRPSHQVDWHV�SRVVLEOH�GDP-DJH�WR�WKH�RZQHU��

7KH�WRSLF�RI�UHZDUGLQJ�ÀQGHUV�RI�FXOWXUDO�KHULWDJH�KDV�EHHQ�VSHFLÀHG�LQ�WKH�+HULWDJH�&RQVHUYDWLRQ�$FW��7KH�WHUP�¶WUHDVXUH·�VWLOO�UHPDLQV�DOVR�LQ�WKH�/DZ�RI�3URSHUW\�$FW��/3$�2012, subdivision 4 treasure), referring to money or other valuables like gems, pearls or SUHFLRXV�PHWDOV��EXULHG�LQ�WKH�JURXQG�RU�KLGGHQ�LQ�DQ\�RWKHU�PDQQHU��ZKRVH�RZQHU�FDQQRW�EH�DVFHUWDLQHG��6XFK�REMHFW�LV�FRQVLGHUHG�WKH�SURSHUW\�RI�RZQHUV�RI�WKH�LPPRYDEOH�RU�PRY-DEOH�REMHFW�ZKHUH�LW�ZDV�GLVFRYHUHG��$FFRUGLQJ�WR�WKH�/DZ�RI�3URSHUW\�$FW�WKH�ÀQGHU�LV�HQ-WLWOHG�WR�FODLP�KDOI�WKH�YDOXH�RI�WKH�IRXQG�REMHFW��$W�WKH�VDPH�WLPH�WKH�ÀQGHU�FDQQRW�FODLP�WKH�UHZDUG�LI�KH�VHDUFKHG�IRU�WKH�REMHFW�ZLWKRXW�SULRU�FRQVHQW�RI�WKH�RZQHU��7KH�+HULWDJH�&RQVHUYDWLRQ�$FW�GRHV�QRW�GLVWLQJXLVK�WKLV�UHVWULFWLRQ��)XWXUH�SUDFWLFH�ZLOO�KDYH�WR�FOHDU�LI�WKH�SURYLVLRQ�RI�WKH�/DZ�RI�3URSHUW\�$FW�FDQ�EH�DSSOLHG�DOVR�WR�WKH�ÀQG�RI�FXOWXUDO�YDOXH��RU�ZKHWKHU�WKH�+HULWDJH�&RQVHUYDWLRQ�$FW�VKRXOG�EH�DPHQGHG�

7KH�SULQFLSOH�WKDW�D�ÀQG�RI�FXOWXUDO�YDOXH�LV�XQGHU�WHPSRUDU\�SURWHFWLRQ�IURP�WKH�moment of discovery remained unchanged in the amended heritage conservation Act. 7KLV�PHDQV�WKDW�WKH�VDPH�ULJKWV�DQG�REOLJDWLRQV�UHJDUGLQJ�WKH�ÀQG�DSSO\�WR�WKH�RZQHU�

AMendMents to the heritAge conserVAtion Act

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RI�WKH�UHDOW\�DV�UHJDUGLQJ�WKH�ÀQG�XQGHU�WHPSRUDU\�SURWHFWLRQ�DV�VWDWHG�LQ�SDUDJUDSK�11 (hcA 2011).

7KH� REOLJDWLRQV� RI� WKH� ÀQGHU� RI� DQ� REMHFW� RI� FXOWXUDO� YDOXH� KDYH� UHPDLQHG� WKH�VDPH��H[FHSW�IRU�WKH�HDUOLHU�ULJKW�WR�VWD\�DQRQ\PRXV��$�ÀQGHU�FDQ�RQO\�UHPDLQ�DQRQ\-PRXV�LI�KH�KDV�EHHQ�DVVLJQHG�D�UHZDUG�IRU�WKH�ÀQG��7KH�UHZDUG�LV�D�ERQXV�IRU�ÀQGLQJ�WKH�REMHFW��7KH�PHDQLQJ�RI�WKH�UHZDUG�KDV�DOVR�EHHQ�FKDQJHG��(DUOLHU��VLPLODUO\�WR�WKH�/DZ�RI�3URSHUW\�$FW��WKH�ÀQGHU�ZDV�HQWLWOHG�WR�KDOI�RI�WKH�FRPPHUFLDO�YDOXH�RI�WKH�ÀQG��7KLV�FDXVHG�FRQIXVLRQ�ERWK�UHJDUGLQJ�WKH�ULJKW�IRU�D�UHZDUG�DQG�DOVR�WKH�DPRXQW�RI�WKH�UHZDUG��DOORZLQJ�SHRSOH�WR�XQGHUVWDQG�WKDW�WKH�VWDWH�LV�NHHSLQJ�KDOI�RI�WKH�YDOXH�WR� LWVHOI��<HW� LW�ZDV�IRUJRWWHQ�RU�GLVUHJDUGHG�WKDW�DFFRUGLQJ�WR�WKH�ODZ��WKH�ÀQG�ZDV�DOUHDG\�VWDWH�SURSHUW\�DW�WKH�WLPH�RI�GLVFRYHU\�DQG�WKH�UHZDUG�ZDV�QRW�D�VDODU\�IRU� D�FRPSOHWHG�MRE��7KH�DPHQGHG�$FW�DOVR�VSHFLÀHV�WKDW�WKH�ÀQG�FLUFXPVWDQFHV�DQG�FR-RSHUDWLRQ�ZLWK�FRPSHWHQW�DXWKRULWLHV�SOD\�DQ�LPSRUWDQW�UROH�LQ�DVVLJQLQJ�WKH�UHZDUG��7KHVH�DVSHFWV�SHUPLW�WKH�1DWLRQDO�+HULWDJH�%RDUG�WR�UHFRJQLVH�ODZ�REHGLHQFH�DQG�FDU-LQJ�DWWLWXGH�WRZDUGV�WKH�ÀQG��%DVHG�RQ�WKH�GHFLVLRQ�RI�WKH�LQGHSHQGHQW�([SHUW�&RXQFLO�LW� LV�QRZ�SRVVLEOH�WR�SD\�VLJQLÀFDQWO\�ODUJHU�UHZDUGV��EXW�DOVR�WR�GHFOLQH�UHZDUGV�LQ�FDVHV�RI�HQGDQJHULQJ�WKH�ÀQG�RU�IDLOXUH�WR�UHSRUW�LW�

$Q�HQWLUHO\�QHZ�DPHQGPHQW�FRQFHUQLQJ�DUFKDHRORJLFDO�ÀQGV�LV�WKH�SURYLVLRQ�WKDW�D�ÀQG�RI�FXOWXUDO�YDOXH�PD\�EH�OHIW�WR�WKH�SRVVHVVLRQ�RI�WKH�ÀQGHU��L�H��WKH�VWDWH�GLVSRV-VHVVHV�WKH�ÀQG�IUHH�RI�FKDUJH�WR�WKH�ÀQGHU��DOVR�ZLWKRXW�SURYLGLQJ�DQ\�UHZDUG�IRU�WKH�ÀQG��7KLV�SURYLVLRQ�UHÁHFWV�D� FRPSURPLVH�RI� WKH�GLVSXWHV�SXW� IRUZDUG�DW� WKH� URXQG�WDEOH��7KH�URXQG�WDEOH�VXJJHVWHG�WKDW�DOO�DUFKDHRORJLFDO�ÀQGV�VKRXOG�EH�GLYLGHG�LQWR�WKUHH�FDWHJRULHV�DFFRUGLQJ�WR�WKHLU�YDOXH��WKH�GDWD�DERXW�WKH�ÀQGV�VKRXOG�EH�HQWHUHG�LQWR�D�QHZ�GDWDEDVH�DQG�WKH�VR�FDOOHG�OHVV�YDOXDEOH�ÀQGV�FRXOG�EH�OHIW�LQ�WKH�SRVVHVVLRQ�RI�WKH�RZQHU��+RZHYHU��DUFKDHRORJLVWV�GLG�QRW�DOO�DJUHH�ZLWK�WKH�H[SHGLHQF\�DQG�PHWK-RGV�RI�LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ�RI�WKLV�SURSRVDO��7KH�QHZ�SURYLVLRQ�SURYLGHV�DQ�RSSRUWXQLW\�WR�implement this proposal.

USE OF SEARCH DEVICES7KH�PRVW� VLJQLÀFDQW� FKDQJH� FRQFHUQLQJ� DUFKDHRORJ\� LV� WKH� UHJXODWLRQ� RI� WKH� XVH� RI�VHDUFK�GHYLFHV��7KH� VHDUFK�GHYLFH� LV� GHÀQHG� LQ� WKH�+HULWDJH�&RQVHUYDWLRQ�$FW� DV� D�WHFKQLFDO�DLG�RU�HTXLSPHQW��H[FHSW�QDYLJDWLRQ�GHYLFHV��WKDW�HQDEOHV�WR�ÀQG�D�PRYDEOH�REMHFW�RI�FXOWXUDO�YDOXH��$OVR�D�SURKLELWLRQ�WR�XVH�D�VHDUFK�GHYLFH�LV�HVWDEOLVKHG��ZKHQ�no search permit has been issued by the national heritage Board. it is also prohibited WR�XVH�VHDUFK�GHYLFHV�RQ�PRQXPHQWV�DQG�WKHLU�SURWHFWLRQ�]RQHV��,W� LV�QRW�UHJXODWHG��KRZHYHU��LI�D�SHUVRQ�FDQ�FDUU\�D�VHDUFK�GHYLFH�RQ�D�PRQXPHQW��ZKLFK�XQIRUWXQDWHO\�may lead to disputes and different interpretations. Permits to use search devices may EH�LVVXHG�WR�SHUVRQV�RI�DW� OHDVW����\HDUV�RI�DJH��WKH\�KDYH�WR�UHSRUW�DQQXDOO\�WR�WKH� national heritage Board and pass a training course prior to applying for the permit. 7KH�FRXUVHV�SURYLGH� WUDLQLQJ� LQ� OHJLVODWLRQ��NQRZ�KRZ�RQ�KRZ�WR�UHFRJQLVH�D�ÀQG�RI�FXOWXUDO�YDOXH�DQG�KRZ�WR�UHIUDLQ�IURP�GDPDJLQJ�WKH�ÀQG�DQG�WKH�ÀQG�SODFH�

Punishments are foreseen for violating the rules of using search devices. Both for XQDXWKRULVHG�XVH�RI�D�VHDUFK�GHYLFH�WR�ORRN�IRU�ÀQGV�RI�FXOWXUDO�YDOXH�DQG�IRU�YLRODWLQJ�WKH�SURKLELWLRQ�WR�VHDUFK�IRU�ÀQGV�RI�FXOWXUDO�YDOXH�RQ�PRQXPHQWV�DQG�WKHLU�SURWHFWLRQ�]RQHV�WKH�ÀQH�LV�XS�WR�����ÀQH�XQLWV��7KH�1DWLRQDO�+HULWDJH�%RDUG�DQG�WKH�FRXUW�RI�

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ODZ�KDYH�WKH�ULJKW�WR�FRQÀVFDWH�WKH�VHDUFK�GHYLFH�DV�HYLGHQFH�RI�YLRODWLRQ��WKH�SUDFWLFDO� arrangement is provided by the decree of the Minister of culture.

$OWKRXJK�WKH�UHJXODWLRQ�VHHPV�WR�EH�HIÀFLHQW��RQH�RI�WKH�VKRUWFRPLQJV��KRZHYHU��LV� GLIÀFXOW\� LQ� HVWDEOLVKLQJ� WKH� SXUSRVH� RI� XVLQJ� D� VHDUFK� GHYLFH� RQ� WKH� ODQGVFDSH�� 7KH�UHJXODWLRQ�DOORZV�ODZ�REHGLHQW�FLWL]HQV�OHJDO�ULJKW�WR�SUDFWLFH�KLV�KREE\��LQ�FDVH�RI� GHWHUPLQHG� YLRODWLRQ� RI� ODZ� LW� LV� GLIÀFXOW� WR� ÀQG� HYLGHQFH� WR� SURYH� WKH� YLRODWLRQ�� 6ROXWLRQV�WR�WKLV�DQG�SRVVLEOH�QHHGV�IRU�FKDQJHV�ZLOO�SUREDEO\�HYROYH�LQ�SUDFWLFDO�FDVHV��

CHANGES IN THE PROTECTION OF MONUMENTSin addition to amendments in some major areas of heritage protection the amended +HULWDJH�&RQVHUYDWLRQ�$FW�DOVR�WRXFKHG�XSRQ�RWKHU�SURYLVLRQV�WKDW�LQÁXHQFH�WKH�SUR-tection of archaeological monuments to a greater or lesser degree.

$�QHZ�VXE�W\SH�RI�DUFKDHRORJLFDO�PRQXPHQW�ZDV�LQFOXGHG�LQ�WKH�$FW�²�WKH�FRQFHSW�of cup-marked stone, to distinguish this heritage from cult sites. the earlier term ‘cult VWRQH�ZLWK� VPDOO�KROORZV·� H[LVWHG� LQ� WKH� OHJLVODWLRQ� RI�6RYLHW�(VWRQLD�� EXW�ZDV� WKHQ�omitted from earlier redaction of the heritage conservation Act.

the process of including an object in the state register of cultural Monuments requires in addition to expert opinion and decision of the council of heritage experts WKDW�WKH�SURSRVDO�LV�LQWURGXFHG�LQ�ZULWWHQ�IRUP�WR�WKH�RZQHU�RI�WKH�REMHFW�RU�VLWH��&RP-SDUHG�ZLWK�HDUOLHU�SUDFWLFH��WKH�SURFHVV�RI�LQFOXGLQJ�VLWHV�DQG�REMHFWV�XQGHU�VWDWH�SUR-WHFWLRQ�LV�QRZ�ORQJHU�DQG�PRUH�FRPSOLFDWHG��+RZHYHU��LW�LV�UHDVRQDEOH�DQG�DFFHSWDEOH�WKDW�WKH�RZQHUV�VKRXOG�EH�LQIRUPHG�RI�UHVWULFWLRQV�RQ�WKH�XVH�RI�WKHLU�SURSHUW\�

,I�GDWD�RQ�PRQXPHQWV�LV�UHQHZHG��H[SHUW�RSLQLRQ�ZDV�UHTXLUHG�WR�PDNH�FKDQJHV�LQ�the boundaries and the national heritage Board updated information in the national UHJLVWHU��1RZ�DOVR�D�GLUHFWLYH�IURP�WKH�0LQLVWHU�RI�&XOWXUH�LV�UHTXLUHG��7KH�UHOHYDQFH�DQG�VXSSOHPHQWDU\�ZRUNORDG�WR�LPSOHPHQW�WKLV�SURYLVLRQ�LV�\HW�WR�EH�H[SHULHQFHG�

An important change concerns the involvement of the general public in establish-ing the statute of heritage protection areas. For archaeology, this is most relevant in the case of rebala Protection Area, north estonia. in addition to approval from the lo-FDO�DXWKRULW\��DV�UHTXLUHG�HDUOLHU��LW�LV�QRZ�REOLJDWRU\�SUHVHQW�DQ\�FKDQJHV�FRQFHUQLQJ�the protection area for the public and conduct public discussion on the topic.

Amendments also affect issues of land use, including changing the function of the SORW��3UHYLRXVO\�WKH�FRQVHQW�RI�WKH�1DWLRQDO�+HULWDJH�%RDUG�ZDV�UHTXLUHG�HYHU\�WLPH�DQ\�PRQXPHQW�ZDV� FRQFHUQHG��1RZ� WKH� FRQVHQW� RI� WKH�1DWLRQDO�+HULWDJH�%RDUG� LV�necessary only in cases regarding archaeological monuments and heritage protection areas since the function of the land may affect the preservation of monuments and their environment.

7KH�+HULWDJH�&RQVHUYDWLRQ�$FW�DOVR�UHJXODWHV�DFWLYLWLHV�LQ�WKH�SURWHFWLRQ�]RQHV�RI�PRQXPHQWV��3UHYLRXVO\��DOO�DFWLYLWLHV�DIIHFWLQJ�WKH�]RQH��LQFOXGLQJ�SODQWLQJ�DQG�FXW-WLQJ�RI�WUHHV�DQG�EXVKHV��ZHUH�SURKLELWHG��1RZ�REVHUYDEOH�YLHZV�DUH�PDLQO\�FRQVLG-HUHG��ZKLFK�PD\�FDXVH�GLIÀFXOWLHV�ZLWK�OLPLWLQJ�GHIRUHVWDWLRQ�DW�DUFKDHRORJLFDO�PRQX-ments if necessary.

changes concern also research conducted at monuments. in addition to the ear-lier requirement of notifying local authorities in the case of e.g. archaeological excava-WLRQV��LW�LV�QRZ�QHFHVVDU\�WR�QRWLI\�WKH�RZQHU�DV�ZHOO�

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6HYHUDO�DPHQGPHQWV�FRQFHUQ�WHUPLQRORJ\��ZKLFK�LQ�WKH�DPHQGHG�$FW�LV�FOHDUHU�and uniformly understood.

7KH�RYHUYLHZ�RI�DPHQGPHQWV�HQGV�ZLWK�FKDQJHV�LQ�&KDSWHU����+&$�������WKDW�LV� FRQFHUQHG�ZLWK� LVVXHV� RI� UHVSRQVLELOLW\�� 7KH� OLVW� RI� SXQLVKPHQWV� IRU� UHPRYLQJ� RU�GDPDJLQJ�D�ÀQG�RI�FXOWXUDO�YDOXH�LV�VXSSOHPHQWHG�ZLWK�ÀQHV�IRU�IDLOXUH�WR�UHSRUW�WKH�ÀQG�DQG�ÀQHV�IRU�FRQVFLRXVO\�KDUPLQJ�SDUW�RI�WKH�ÀQG�RU�WKH�FXOWXUDO�OD\HU�XS�WR�����ÀQH�XQLWV�RU������HXUR��SUHYLRXVO\������HXUR���3XQLVKPHQWV�KDYH�EHHQ�LQFUHDVHG�DOVR�IRU�YLRODWLQJ�UHTXLUHPHQWV�RI�VXSHUYLVLRQ��LQFOXGLQJ��XQOLFHQVHG�UHVHDUFK�IURP�����ÀQH�units up to 1300 units, or from 1300 euro up to 3200 euro. the most considerable FKDQJH��KRZHYHU��FRQFHUQV�WKH�ÀQH�IRU�GDPDJLQJ�RU�GHVWUR\LQJ�D�PRQXPHQW��)RU�D� MXULGLFDO�SHUVRQ�WKH�ÀQH�ZDV�LQFUHDVHG�IURP������HXUR�WR��������HXUR�

SUMMARY OF LEGISLATIVE AMENDMENTS,Q�RUGHU�WR�DVVHVV�WKH�DPHQGPHQWV�LQWURGXFHG�WR�WKH�+HULWDJH�&RQVHUYDWLRQ�$FW��ZH�VKRXOG�FRQVLGHU�WKH�SURSRVDOV�WKDW�ZHUH�SXW�WRJHWKHU�E\�WKH�HQG�RI�������ZKLFK�ZHUH�based of the principles of the round table discussing the use of search devices and those H[SUHVVHG�E\�WKH�XQGHUZDWHU�FXOWXUDO�KHULWDJH�H[SHUWV��,W�DSSHDUV�WKDW�D�JUHDW�GHDO�RI�proposed solutions has been considered:

– licensed diving only is permitted;– reports about diving results are necessary;²�&R�RSHUDWLRQ�EHWZHHQ�WKH�1DWLRQDO�+HULWDJH�%RDUG��WKH�3ROLFH�DQG�%RUGHU�*XDUG� Board and the estonian Maritime Administration is established in a legal act;²�7KH�XVH�RI�VHDUFK�GHYLFHV�LV�SURKLELWHG�RQ�PRQXPHQWV�DQG�WKHLU�SURWHFWLRQ�]RQHV�– Permits to use search devices are issued for a limited period, reports are expected, training is obligatory;²�3RVVLELOLW\�WR�FRQÀVFDWH�D�VHDUFK�GHYLFH�²�3ULQFLSOHV�RI�UHZDUGLQJ�IRU�ÀQGV�RI�FXOWXUDO�YDOXH�²�5HTXLUHPHQW�WR�SUHVHUYH�WKH�ÀQG�RI�FXOWXUDO�YDOXH��WKH�ÀQG�SODFH�DQG�WKH�FXOWXUDO� layer;²�,Q�UHJXODWRU\�FDVHV�WKH�ÀQGHU�PD\�NHHS�WKH�ÀQG�RI�FXOWXUDO�YDOXH�

certain issues remained unsolved:²�'LYLGLQJ�DUFKDHRORJLFDO�ÀQGV�LQWR�FDWHJRULHV�EDVHG�RQ�WKHLU�YDOXH�²�(VWDEOLVKLQJ�D�UHJLVWHU�RI�ÀQGV�RI�FXOWXUDO�YDOXH��WR�NHHS�WUDFN�DQG�KDYH�D�JHQHUDO�� ��RYHUYLHZ��– issuing permits for the use of search devices for a limited period in a certain area;²�7KH�SULQFLSOH�WKDW�DXWKRULVHG�XVHUV�RI�VHDUFK�GHYLFHV�ZLOO�QRW�EH�UHZDUGHG��QRW� applied);²�&RQVLGHULQJ�WKH�RZQHU·V�FRQVHQW�ZKHQ�GHFLGLQJ�RQ�WKH�UHZDUG��QRW�DSSOLHG��– establishing the category of a local monuments;²�'HWHUPLQLQJ�WKH�FRQFHSW�RI�D�ZUHFN�RI�FXOWXUDO�YDOXH�

7KH�QHDU�IXWXUH�ZLOO�SUHVHQW�XV�ZLWK�SRVVLEOH�QHZ�FKDOOHQJHV�LQ�WKH�OLJKW�RI�WKH�adopted amendments to the heritage conservation Act. it depends on the archaeo-ORJLFDO�FRPPXQLW\�ZKLFK�DQVZHUV�DQG�VROXWLRQV�ZLOO�EH�IRXQG��EXW�WKHVH�VROXWLRQV�ZLOO�

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AMendMents to the heritAge conserVAtion Act

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MUINSUSKAITSESEADUSE MUUDATUSED ARHEOLOOGIAMÄLESTISTE KAITSE VALLAS 2011. AASTAL

ANTS KRAUT

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01.06.2011. koos seadusega kehtestati ka hulk rakendusakte (muudatused vastvalt ka hcA 2011, hcA 2011, Uch 2011, ktk 2011, klk 2011, kol 2011, Mtk 2011).

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LEGAL ACTSHCA 2011 = heritage conservation Act; Muinsus-NDLWVHVHDGXV��KWWS���ZZZ�OHJDOWH[W�HH�HW�DQGPHEDDV�WHNVW�DVS"ORF WH[WGRN ;�����.�NHHO HQSJ �&ptyyp=rt&tyyp=X&query=muinsuskaitseseadus �������������Amendments to the HCA 2011 = Muinsuskaitse-seaduse ja sellega seonduvate seaduste PXXWPLVH�VHDGXV��KWWSV���ZZZ�ULLJLWHDWDMD�HH�DNW���������������������������LPA 2012� �/DZ�RI�3URSHUW\�$FW��2PDQGLVHDGXV�KWWS���ZZZ�OHJDOWH[W�HH�HW�DQGPHEDDV�WHNVW�DVS"ORF text&dok=X0004k10&keel=en&pg=1&ptyyp=rt&ty\S ;TXHU\ DVMD�)�LJXVVHDGXV��������������UCH 2011� �9HHDOXVHOH�PlOHVWLVHOH�VXNHOGXPLVH�ORD�YlOMDDQGPLVH��VXNHOGXPLVHVW�WHDYLWDPLVH�MD�YHHDOXVH�PlOHVWLVH�QLQJ�VHOOH�NDLWVHY||QGL�VHLVXQGLVW�WHDYLWDPLVH�NRUG��YHHDOXVHOH�PlOHVWLVHOH�VXNHOGXPLVH�ORD�YRUP��KWWSV���ZZZ�ULLJLWHDWDMD�HH�DNW���������������������������

KTK 2011� �.XOWXXULPlOHVWLVHNV�WXQQLVWDPLVH�MD�NXOWXXULPlOHVWLVHNV�ROHPLVH�O}SHWDPLVH�QLQJ�NXOWXXULPlOHVWLVWH�DQGPHWH�PXXWPLVH�NRUG�KWWSV���ZZZ�ULLJLWHDWDMD�HH�DNW���������"OHLD.HKWLY��������������KLK 2011� �.XOWXXULYllUWXVHJD�OHLX�OHLGMDOH�OHLXDXWDVX�PDNVPLVH�NRUG��KWWSV���ZZZ�ULLJLWHDWDMD�HH�DNW���������������������������KOL 2011� �.XOWXXULYllUWXVHJD�DVMDGH�RWVLQJXYDKHQGLJD�RWVLPLVH�ORD�YlOMDDQGPLVH�MD�RWVLPLVHVW�DUXDQGPLVH�NRUG��NXOWXXULYllUWXVHJD�asjade otsinguvahendiga otsimise loa vorm;KWWSV���ZZZ�ULLJLWHDWDMD�HH�DNW���������������������������MTK 2011� �0lOHVWLVH�WlKLVWDPLVH�NRUG�MD�WlKLVH�NXMXWLV��KWWSV���ZZZ�ULLJLWHDWDMD�HH�DNW���������������������������

REFERENCESKangert, N. 2009. Metallidetektorid ja arheo-ORRJLDSlUDQGL�NDLWVH�(HVWLV��DUHQJXG�MD�KHWNHVHLV��Bakalaureusetöö. tartu. (Manuscript in TÜAK.)Kraut, A. 2008.�$DUGHN�WLG�MD�DUKHRORRJLG��Metallidetektorite kasutamine muististel. – eesti kodu-uurimise selts, eesti Muinsuskaitse selts, eesti *HQHDORRJLD�6HOWV��$DVWDUDDPDW�������7DOOLQQ��������Ulst, I. 2009.�$UKHRORRJLOLVH�OHLXDLQHVH�}LJXVOLN�NDLWVH�MD�´PXVWD�DUKHRORRJLDµ�SUREOHHPLG�(HVWLV��Bakalaureusetöö. tartu. (Manuscript in TÜAK. (OHFWURQLF�YHUVLRQ�DYDLODEOH�DW�KWWS���ZZZ�DUKHR�XW�HH�%$��8OVW�SGI���������������

Ulst, I. 2010. the problems of black archaeology. – (VWRQLDQ�-RXUQDO�RI�$UFKDHRORJ\������������²����Ulst, I. 2012. the role of community Archaeology in heritage Protection: responsible Metal detecting as a tool for enhancing the Protection of Archaeological heritage. Master thesis. tartu. (Manuscript in TÜAK. electronic version available DW�KWWS���ZZZ�DUKHR�XW�HH�GRFV�0$��B8OVW�SGI��������������

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