AMCS Baseline Survey Report of Jharkhand Tribal Empowerment & Livelihoods Project (JTELP) 1 1 Introduction 1.1 Background of the Scheduled Tribes & Jharkhand (A) The Scheduled Tri

AMCS

Baseline Survey Report of Jharkhand Tribal Empowerment & Livelihoods Project (JTELP) 1

1 Introduction

1.1 Background of the Scheduled Tribes & Jharkhand (A) The Scheduled Tribes The word 'tribe' is generally used for a socially cohesive unit, associated with a territory, the

members of which regard them as politically autonomous. Often a tribe possesses a distinct dialect

and distinct cultural traits. The term 'primitive tribes' is often used by anthropologist to denote

"a primary aggregate of people living in a primitive or barbarous condition under a headman or

chief". Various anthropologists define tribe as the people at earlier stage of evolution of the society.

The Constitution of India, Article 366 (25) defines Scheduled Tribes as "such tribes or tribal

communities or part of or groups within such tribes or tribal communities as are deemed under

Article 342 to the Scheduled Tribes (STs) for the purposes of this Constitution". In Article 342, the

procedure to be followed for specification of a Scheduled Tribe is prescribed. However, it does not

contain the criterion for the specification of any community as Scheduled Tribe. An often used

criterion is based on attributes given below —

Geographical Isolation - they live in cloistered, exclusive, remote and inhospitable areas such as

hills and forests.

Backwardness - their livelihood is based on primitive agriculture, low-value closed economy with

low level of technology that leads to their poverty. They have low levels of literacy and health.

Distinctive Culture, Language & Religion - communities have developed their own distinctive

culture, language and religion.

Shyness of Contact – they have a marginal degree of contact with other cultures and people.

The Scheduled Tribe groups who were identified as more backward communities among the tribal

population groups have been categorized as 'Primitive Tribal Groups' (PTGs) by the Government at

the Centre in 1975. So far 75 tribal communities have been identified as 'Primitive Tribal Groups' in

different states of India. They are primarily hunters and food-gatherers while a few are agricultural

communities.

The forest occupies a central position in tribal culture and economy. The tribal way of life is very

much dictated by the forest right from birth to death. It is ironical that the poorest people of India are

living in the areas of richest natural resources. Historically, the tribals have been pushed to corners

owing to economic interests of various dominant groups. In contemporary India, the need for land for

development is still forcing them, albeit this time to integrate with mainstream.

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In spite of the protection given to the tribal population by the Constitution of India, the tribals still

remain the most backward ethnic group in India. They rate very low on the three most important

indicators of development - health, education and income. The tribals are most backward not only

compared with the general population, but also compared to the Scheduled Castes (Dalits), the

other backward social group with constitutional protection.

(B) Background of the State of Jharkhand Jharkhand is an ancient land and the name "Jharkhand" comes from the Sanskrit word

“Jharikhanda”, which is the ancient name of the region's dense forest. According to original tribal

language, the word Jharkhand means “the land of jungles” and is popularly known as Vananchal

(meaning land of woods). The state ranks 10th among all the states and union territories in respect of

area under forest cover.

Jharkhand is the 28th State of India which was brought into existence by the Bihar Reorganization

Act on 15th November 2000. With an area of 74,677 sq. kms., which is 2.4 percent of the country’s

geographic area. Jharkhand is located in the eastern part of India and is bordered by Bihar,

Chattisgarh, Orissa and West Bengal to its north, west, south and east respectively. Around 35

percent population of former Bihar is in the Jharkhand region. Jharkhand has a population of 32.96

million, consisting of 16.93 million males and 16.03 million females. The sex ratio is 947 females to

1000 males.

The population consists of 28 percent tribals, 12 percent Scheduled Castes and 60 percent others.

The population density of the state is 413 persons per square kilometer of land; it varies from as low

as 148 per square kilometer in Gumla district to as high as 1167 per square kilometer in Dhanbad

district. The State was formed with 18 districts, which has now increased to 24 districts. Jharkhand

has a rich endowment of natural resources including coal, iron ore, mica, copper, pyrite, graphite,

etc. However, despite there being large deposits of natural resources in the state, it continues to be

counted among the poor states of the country on major development indicators.

The state accounts for 35.5 percent of the country's known coal reserves, 90 percent of its cooking

coal deposits, 40 percent of its copper, 22 percent of its iron ore, 90 percent of its mica and huge

deposits of bauxite, quartz and ceramics. As far as infrastructure is concerned Jharkhand is on its

way to rapid progress. Jharkhand is marked with a good network of roads, railways, airways,

telecommunication, power and water system. The state is well connected by roads, the length of its

National Highway is 1600 Kms. and State Highway is 2711 Kms.

Agriculture was never the mainstay of economy of Jharkhand but almost 80 percent of the

population in this mineral rich state is dependent on agriculture. Paddy is the major crop in the state

with pulses and wheat being the other ones. The state is focusing on increasing the land under

cultivation, development of the irrigation facilities and development of agriculture related business.

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(C) Scheduled Tribes of Jharkhand There are 32 tribes inhabiting Jharkhand. They not only differ considerably from the non-tribal

population but from one another as well. The most ancient among them are the Mundas, while the

Santhals are the last of the tribes to settle in Jharkhand. The tribes in Jharkhand were originally

classified on the basis of their cultural types by the world renowned Indian anthropologist late

Professor L.P. Vidyarthi. His classification was as follows :

Hunter-Gatherer — Birhor, Korwa, Hill Kharia

Shifting Agriculture — Sauria Paharia

Simple Artisans — Mahli, Lohra, Karmali, Chik Baraik

Settled Agriculturists — Santhal, Munda, Oraon, Ho, Bhumij, etc.

The tribes prevalent in Jharkhand are — Asur, Baiga, Banjara, Bathudi, Bedia, Bhumij, Binjhia,

Birhor, Birjia, Chero, Chick-Baraik, Gond, Gorait, Ho, Kanwar, Karmali, Kharia, Kharwar, Khond,

Kisan, Kodaku, Kol, Kora, Korwa, Lohra, Mahli, Mal Pahariya, Munda, Oraon, Pahariya, Santhal,

Saurya Pahariya and Savar.

Most tribes are concentrated in heavily forested areas that combine inaccessibility with limited

political or economic significance. They live in mud houses, which are devoid of any window. They

often adorn the external surface of their houses with paintings. The major food for these tribal

people is rice and the flesh of birds and animals. Tribal society is built on a foundation of equality

with respect for all life forms including plants and trees. There is deep recognition of mutual

dependence in nature and human society.

Historically, the economy of most tribes was subsistence agriculture or hunting and gathering. Tribal

members traded with outsiders for the few necessities they lacked. For tribal people, however, land

was often viewed as a common resource, free to who ever needed it. For most tribal people, land-

use rights traditionally derive simply from tribal membership. Tribal society tends to the egalitarian,

with its leadership based on ties of kinship and personality rather than on hereditary status. Tribes

typically consist of segmentary lineages whose extended families provide the basis for social

organization and control. Tribal religion recognizes no authority outside the tribe. In the case of

stratified tribes, the loyalties of clan, kin and family may well predominate over those of the tribe.

Some of the major cultural festivals celebrated by the tribals of Jharkhand include —Sarhul, Karam,

Jawa, Tusu Parab or Makar, Hal Punhya, Bhagta Parab, Rohini, Bandna, Jani-Shikaar, among

others. The major languages spoken by the tribals of the state include Korku, Mundari, Kurmali,

Santhali, Bhumij, Ho and Kharia. The major tribal artworks of the tribals of Jharkhand are — Chhou

Mask, Tribal Woodwork, Tribal Bamboo Artwork, Tribal Pottery, Tribal Jewellery, Godna, Tribal

Weapons, etc.

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1.2 About JTELP Natural resources are central to the livelihood systems and coping strategies of the Scheduled

Tribes. Loss of soil fertility due to erosion and degradation, denudation of and increasing state

control over forests have adversely affected tribal livelihoods and wellbeing over the years. In their

relatively recent transition to settled farming and tribal communities, are yet to develop resource

management systems suited to their farming systems in an ecologically complex resource base.

Above all, they lack financial resources and have little access to technical services.

Besides strengthening community-based institutions and improving natural resource management

as in Jharkhand Tribal Development Project (JTDP), Jharkhand Tribal Empowerment & Livelihoods

Project (JTELP) will emphasize productivity enhancement and up-scaling of proven, market-oriented

production activities. JTELP will foster convergence with the on-going tribal and rural development

programs of the Government of India. These activities will cover approximately 1,72,000 households

in selected 30 blocks of the 14 Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) districts of Jharkhand. They are depited in

maps in Annexure-189. Names of these blocks are as under —

Table 1 : JTELP Locations Sl. District Block 1 Bharno 2

Gumla Sisai

3 Arki 4

Khunti Karra

5 Barwadih 6

Latehar Manika

7 Bhandra 8

Lohardaga Kairo

9 Bundu 10

Ranchi Tamar

11 Kurdeg 12

Simdega Simdega

13 Gopikander 14

Dumka Masalia

15 Boarijor 16

Godda Sundarpahari

17 Fatehpur 18

Jamtara Jamtara

19 Amrapara 20

Pakur Littipara

21 Borio 22

Sahibganj Taljhari

23 Dumaria 24

East Singhbhum Potka

25 Kuchai 26 Rajnagar 27

Saraikela Saraikela

28 Khuntpani 29 Sonua 30

West Singhbhum Tonto

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The tribal and rural development policies as well as the Approach Paper for the 12th Five Year Plan

of the Government of India emphasize convergence and holistic development through decentralized

governance. Elected Panchayats are now in place to take on the mantle of decentralized planning

and implementation of village development projects. The Jharkhand Tribal Empowerment and

Livelihoods Project (JTELP) will build on the experience of the IFAD-supported Jharkhand Tribal

Development Project (JTDP). JTELP’s objective is aligned with the Country Strategic Opportunities

Program (COSOP) emphasis on tribal people, women, youth and small and marginal farmers and

the strategic objectives of increased access to agricultural technologies and natural resources.

The overall goal of JTELP and JTDP is to improve the living conditions of tribal people in general

and PTGs in particular. This is sought to be achieved by organizing and enabling the communities to

adopt sustainable and productive natural resource management regimes, adopt market-oriented

production systems and learn the skills and gain the experience of planning and implementing

development plans relevant to their villages. In this process, the Project seeks to foster strong

community-based institutions that empower local communities, especially women, introduce

productive and sustainable systems of natural resource management and enhance food and

nutrition security and cash incomes, by introducing more productive farming technologies and

promoting locally proven production technologies.

Taken as a set of interventions, the proposed activities begin to build community and ecological

resilience to climate change. Several of them were explicitly designed as adaptation responses to

climate change. The Project will have four components, namely (i) Community Empowerment; (ii)

Integrated Natural Resource Management; (iii) Livelihoods Support; and (iv) Project Management.

Convergence with ongoing government programs would be a key development strategy of the

Project for mobilizing financial resources. The target group for the Project will be the tribals in

particular PTGs, women-headed households, rural youth and BPL households.

1.3 Need for Baseline Study The baseline study would help in assessing the current way of life of the tribals in Jharkhand and

help gain an insight into the facilities and services presently available to them. The baseline survey

is a necessary part of an evidence-based approach to program implementation. It is expected that

the findings of the baseline survey would assist the Planners and the Project Managers to design

and identify appropriate interventions to strengthen the delivery of support to the target group under

JTELP, thereby, achieving high coverage and better outcomes. Moreover, the baseline study will

establish a benchmark for the performance evaluation of the Project in any future date.

In order to ensure comparability of the baseline survey with the endline survey, care needs to be

taken to ensure that the endline survey is also carried out in the same calander months (February-

March), as seasonality plays a vital role in the day to day lives of the people including their

agricultural practices, livehood, migration, food habiits, access to NTFPs, etc.

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2 Objectives & Methodology

2.1 Objectives of the Study The objective of conducting the baseline study is to get an idea of the prevailing socio-economic

profile of the tribals in the state. The specific objectives are mentioned below :

1. To document the tribal household member’s profile.

2. To get an idea of the availability of basic amenities in the tribal households.

3. To study the issue of food security of the tribal households.

4. To find out the availability of livestock in the tribal households.

5. To study the land tenure of the tribal households.

6. To find out the agricultural practices of the tribal households.

7. To document the income generation activities of the tribal households.

8. To assess the assets owned by the tribal households.

9. To find out the use of non-timber forest products by the tribal households.

10. To assess the outstanding loan on the tribal households.

11. To find out the reach of government schemes to the tribal households.

12. To find out the consumption pattern of the tribal households.

13. To find out health status of women & children in tribal households.

14. To find out the association of the tribal households with JTELP.

15. To explore the climate change intervention experience of the tribal households.

2.2 Approach to the Study Jharkhand Tribal Development Society (JTDS) is implementing the Jharkhand Tribal Empowerment

and Livelihood Project (JTELP) in 30 blocks of 14 Tribal Sub-Plan districts of Jharkhand. In each of

the 14 project districts, JTDS has selected at least 2 blocks where the tribal population is more than

50 percent. Similarly, in each selected block, at least 5 gram panchayats have been selected that

have highest concentration of tribal communities. Primitive Tribal Groups (PTGs) have been

particularly targeted in 3 out of the 14 districts, namely, Godda, Pakur and Sahibganj. In the baseline

survey both intervention areas as well as control areas have been covered to arrive at the prevailing

values of the indicators proposed to be studied. This has helped to compare the results in the

intervention areas vis-à-vis the control areas. During the baseline survey, all the 30 blocks of the 14

project districts have been covered.

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(A) Intervention Areas : In each of the 30 project blocks, 1 gram panchayat was selected which had PTGs as well. (source :

Primitive Tribe Group Survey – 2002 by Jharkhand Tribal Welfare Research Institute (JTWRI), Govt.

of Jharkhand, Ranchi). Similarly in the selected gram panchayat, 2 villages were selected which had

PTGs. While selecting the gram panchayats and the villages, effort was made to select such gram

panchayats/villages which had high proportion of Scheduled Tribe population and PTGs in

comparison to other gram panchayats/villages in the area.

Thus, in the intervention areas, total coverage includes 14 districts, 30 blocks, 30 gram panchayats

and 60 villages. In each gram panchayat, total 50 tribal households were randomly covered. While

selecting the households efforts were made to purposely cover the PTGs in the sample village. Thus,

in the intervention areas, total 1500 tribal households were covered. The intervention locations

covered during the baseline survey is presented below :

Table 2 : Intervention Locations Covered Sl. District Block Gram Panchayat Village 1 Village 2 1 Bharno Domba Amboa Domba 2

Gumla Sisai Olmunda Korekera Olmunda

3 Arki Birbanki Birbanki Chukulu 4

Khunti Karra Meha Malgo Meha

5 Barwadih Mangra Amdiha Hendehas 6

Latehar Manika Matlong Mail Matlaung

7 Bhandra Bhita Bhita Kachmachi 8

Lohardaga Kairo Guri Guri Nagra

9 Bundu Baruhatu Korda Reda 10

Ranchi Tamar Arahanga Arahanga Buruhatu

11 Kurdeg Barkibiura Barkibiura Labdera 12

Simdega Simdega Sewai Sansebei Sebei

13 Gopikander Kharounibazar Dondua Namodih 14

Dumka Masalia Haroraidih Aanandpahari Palasi

15 Boarijor Dumaria Adro Lohatambo Aagwa 16

Godda Sundarpahari Chandna Chandna Langodih

17 Fatehpur Banudih Banudih Brindabani 18

Jamtara Jamtara Duladiha Raniganj Rupaidih

19 Amrapara Panchupara Badhapara Panchupara 20

Pakur Littipara Jamjori Dasgora Jamkandar

21 Borio Jatek Kumarjori Jatek Kumarjori Kushtand 22

Sahibganj Taljhari Bhatbhanga Santhali Bhatbhanga Bhatbhanga Pahar

23 Dumaria Kendua Dubla Bera Rangamatia 24

East Singhbhum Potka Tentla Pora Tentla

25 Kuchai Chotasegoi Chotasegoi Raisindri Pahar 26 Rajnagar Bandu Bandu Richituku 27

Saraikela Saraikela Murkum Badabana Mudkum

28 Khuntpani Ulirajabasa Galubasa Ulirajabasa 29 Sonua Dewanbir Dewanbir Taira 30

West Singhbhum Tonto Kenjara Kenjara Salikuti

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(B) Control Areas : In each of the 14 project districts, 1 block was selected which was contiguous to the intervention

blocks of the district. This was done to ensure similar socio-economic and cultural characteristics in

the control groups vis-à-vis the intervention groups. Thus, total 14 blocks were selected, 1 block each

in the 14 intervention districts. In the selected block, 1 gram panchayat was selected which had

PTGs as well. (source : Primitive Tribe Group Survey – 2002 by Jharkhand Tribal Welfare Research

Institute (JTWRI), Govt. of Jharkhand, Ranchi). Similarly in the selected gram panchayat, atleast 2

villages were selected which had PTGs. While selecting the gram panchayats and the villages, effort

was made to select such gram panchayats/villages which had high proportion of Scheduled Tribe

population and PTGs.

Thus, in the control areas, total coverage includes 14 districts, 14 blocks, 14 gram panchayats and

30 villages. In each gram panchayat (in 12 districts except districts Saraikela and West Singhbhum),

total 100 tribal households were covered. In districts Saraikela and West Singhbhum, in each gram

panchayat, total 150 tribal households were covered. Thus, in the control areas, total 1500 tribal

households were randomly covered. The control locations covered during the baseline survey is

presented below :

Table 3 : Control Locations Covered Sl. District Block Gram Panchayat Village 1 Village 2 Village 3 1 Gumla Ghaghra Bimarla Bimarla Ghaghra Pat - 2 Khunti Khunti Landup Landup Sirum - 3 Latehar Latehar Tarwadih Kone Nareshgarh - 4 Lohardaga Senha Badla Arahasa Badla - 5 Ranchi Namkum Dungri Dungri Gundu - 6 Simdega Kersai Kinkel Karaigora Kinkel - 7 Dumka Kathikund Dhawadangal Mahulpahari Ranipahari - 8 Godda Poreyahat Naodiha Kathwan Naudiha - 9 Jamtara Nala Teshjoria Paradal Teshjoria - 10 Pakur Maheshpur Sahar Gram Amlagacchi Chilgaon - 11 Sahibganj Mandro Bartalla Balbhadri Bartalla - 12 East Singhbhum Musabani Forest Block Patharghara Samaydi - 13 Saraikela Chandil Aasanbani Aasanbani Kanderabera Ramgarh 14 West Singhbhum Goeilkera Koira Koira Goutamba Baraivir

2.3 Research Instruments Used For the baseline survey, two separate questionnaires were prepared – Household Questionnaire and

Village Questionnaire. One household questionnaire was canvassed to adult responsible member(s)

in each of the 3000 tribal households (1500 households in intervention areas and 1500 households in

control areas). One village questionnaire was canvassed to village mukhiya/leading opinion

maker(s)/educated person(s) in each of the 90 villages (60 villages in the intervention areas and 30

villages in the control areas). A copy of both the questionnaires is presented in Annexure-1.

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2.4 Operational Modalities For the purpose of data collection from the field, teams of Research Investigators and Supervisors

were formed under the leadership of Field Officers. Before sending the teams to the field for data

collection, intensive training was given to them. All the interview questionnaires were discussed with

them in detail. Each question/issue was read out one by one and the intention of the

question/statement was explained.

This was done to sensitize the team members on each and every question/issue. Mock interviews

were done among the participants to thoroughly prepare the team members on the questionnaire.

For getting the feel of actual field work, the team of Research Investigators, Supervisors, Field

Officers and other functionaries of AMCS visited a village in Bundu block of Ranchi district and each

member filled-up one household questionnaire. The next day, discussions were held on each and

every question and the issues pertaining to asking questions, recording the responses and other

practical field issues were sorted out. Following the training, field visits were made to the identified

locations of the selected districts and the questionnaires were canvassed to the target groups and

the data was collected.

2.5 Data Processing and Analysis All the filled-in questionnaires were brought to AMCS office at Ranchi and thorough scrutiny was

done. All open ended questions were properly coded and separate coding sheets were prepared for

each question. In the mean time, data entry program was prepared with all checks for logical

inclusion and exclusion errors as a means of quality check. All verified and coded questionnaires

were entered into the computer using specialized software.

Data consistency check programs were run on computer and framework for data tables was

prepared. To facilitate easy comprehension of the report, simple language and standard

terminologies have been used. Tables, charts and annexures have been provided at various places

to make the reading simple, interesting and detailed.

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3 Profile of Tribals

3.1 Number of Households Covered During the baseline study, overall 3000 households were covered. Among these, 1500 households

belonged to the intervention locations, while the remaining 1500 households belonged to the control

locations.

Overall, 780 households belonged to the Primitive Tribal Groups (Saurya Pahariya, Pahariya, Mal

Pahariya, Savar, Kharia, Asur, Birhor and Korwa), while the remaining 2220 households belonged to

the Other Tribal Groups (Santhal, Oraon, Munda, Ho, Baiga, Kharwar, Lohra, Mahli, Gond, Chick

Baraik and Kawar). Out of the total 32 tribes in Jharkhand, there were total 19 tribes that were

available in the sample locations. All these 19 tribes have been covered in this study.

District-wise number of Primitive Tribal Group (PTG) households covered and Other Tribal Group

(OTG) households covered is presented in the table below :

Table 4 : Number of Households Covered Other Tribal

Group Households

Primitive Tribal Group Households

Total Classification

n % n % N % Gumla 166 83.00 34 17.00 200 100.00 Khunti 200 100.00 0 0.00 200 100.00 Latehar 200 100.00 0 0.00 200 100.00 Lohardaga 200 100.00 0 0.00 200 100.00 Ranchi 193 96.50 7 3.50 200 100.00 Simdega 176 88.00 24 12.00 200 100.00 Dumka 94 47.00 106 53.00 200 100.00 Godda 89 44.50 111 55.50 200 100.00 Jamtara 196 98.00 4 2.00 200 100.00 Pakur 5 2.50 195 97.50 200 100.00 Sahibganj 51 25.50 149 74.50 200 100.00 E.Singhbhum 114 57.00 86 43.00 200 100.00 Saraikela 236 78.67 64 21.33 300 100.00 W.Singhbhum 300 100.00 0 0.00 300 100.00 Overall 2220 74.00 780 26.00 3000 100.00 Location of Tribes

Intervention Locations 1067 71.13 433 28.87 1500 100.00 Control Locations 1153 76.87 347 23.13 1500 100.00

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In the intervention locations, number of Primitive Tribal Group households covered was 433, while

the number of Other Tribal Group households covered was 1067. In the control locations, number of

Primitive Tribal Group households covered was 347, while the number of Other Tribal Group

households covered was 1153. Names and number of PTG households covered is presented below:

Table 5 : Number of PTG Households Covered Classification PTG Hhlds. Covered

Saurya Pahariya 239Pahariya 200Mal Paharia 195Savar 83Kharia 29Asur 19Birhor 8Korwa 7

Total 780

The names and number of Other Tribal Group households covered is presented below :

Table 6 : Number of OTG Households Covered Classification OTG Hhlds. Covered

Santhal 593Oraon 480Munda 454Ho 374Baiga 70Kharwar 70Lohra 69Mahali 42Gond 31Chik Baraik 19Kawar 18

Total 2220

0

20

40

60

80

100

Overall InterventionAreas

Control Areas

OTG (74%) OTG

(71%)

OTG (77%)

PTG (26%)

PTG (29%) PTG

(23%)

Chart 1 : Proportion of OTG and PTG Households Covered

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3.2 Religion of Households Overall 84 percent households followed Hinduism, while remaining 16 percent were Christians.

Details are presented in the table below.

Table 7 : Religion of Households Hindu Christian Total Classification

n % n % N % Gumla 184 92.00 16 8.00 200 100.00 Khunti 151 75.50 49 24.50 200 100.00 Latehar 184 92.00 16 8.00 200 100.00 Lohardaga 194 97.00 6 3.00 200 100.00 Ranchi 163 81.50 37 18.50 200 100.00 Simdega 62 31.00 138 69.00 200 100.00 Dumka 188 94.00 12 6.00 200 100.00 Godda 192 96.00 8 4.00 200 100.00 Jamtara 198 99.00 2 1.00 200 100.00 Pakur 167 83.50 33 16.50 200 100.00 Sahibganj 51 25.50 149 74.50 200 100.00 E.Singhbhum 196 98.00 4 2.00 200 100.00 Saraikela 298 99.33 2 0.67 300 100.00 W.Singhbhum 300 100.00 0 0.00 300 100.00 Overall 2528 84.27 472 15.73 3000 100.00 Location of Tribes Intervention Locations 1234 82.27 266 17.73 1500 100.00 Control Locations 1294 86.27 206 13.73 1500 100.00 Tribal Groups Primitive Tribal Group 566 72.56 214 27.44 780 100.00 Other Tribal Groups 1962 88.38 258 11.62 2220 100.00

Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-2.

0

20

40

60

80

100


Control Areas PTGs OTGs

Hindu (84%)

Christian (16%)

Hindu (82%)

Christian (18%)

Hindu (86%)

Christian (14%)

Hindu (73%)

Christian (27%)

Hindu (88%)

Christian (12%)

Chart 2 : Religion of Households

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3.3 Number of Persons Covered Overall, 14500 persons have been covered, out of which 7114 persons (49 percent) were males

while the remaining 7386 persons (51 percent) were females. The sample is comparable in all

categories as mentioned in the table below.

Table 8 : Number of Persons Covered Male Female Total Classification

n % n % N % Gumla 531 48.58 562 51.42 1093 100.00 Khunti 512 49.18 529 50.82 1041 100.00 Latehar 491 49.65 498 50.35 989 100.00 Lohardaga 487 48.55 516 51.45 1003 100.00 Ranchi 478 48.98 498 51.02 976 100.00 Simdega 465 49.52 474 50.48 939 100.00 Dumka 485 49.54 494 50.46 979 100.00 Godda 490 48.80 514 51.20 1004 100.00 Jamtara 468 49.11 485 50.89 953 100.00 Pakur 449 48.75 472 51.25 921 100.00 Sahibganj 424 46.34 491 53.66 915 100.00 E.Singhbhum 413 48.70 435 51.30 848 100.00 Saraikela 702 50.36 692 49.64 1394 100.00 W.Singhbhum 719 49.76 726 50.24 1445 100.00 Overall 7114 49.06 7386 50.94 14500 100.00 Location of Tribes Intervention Locations 3604 48.87 3771 51.13 7375 100.00 Control Locations 3510 49.26 3615 50.74 7125 100.00 Tribal Groups Primitive Tribal Groups 1732 48.03 1874 51.97 3606 100.00 Other Tribal Groups 5382 49.40 5512 50.60 10894 100.00


0

20

40

60

80

100



Male (49%)

Female (51%)

Male (49%)

Female (51%)

Male (49%)

Female (51%) Male

(48%)

Female (52%)

Male (49%)

Female (51%)

Chart 3 : Number of Persons Covered

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3.4 Sex Ratio Overall, the sex ratio (total number of females per 1000 males) was 1038, which was much higher

than the sex ratio in Jharkhand (947). District-wise, the sex ratio was the highest in Sahibganj (1158)

followed by Lohardaga (1060) and Gumla (1058). The sex ratio was adverse against females in only

Saraikela (986). Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-4.

Table 9 : Sex Ratio of the Covered Population

Classification No. of Males

No. of Females

Sex Ratio

Gumla 531 562 1058 Khunti 512 529 1033 Latehar 491 498 1014 Lohardaga 487 516 1060 Ranchi 478 498 1042 Simdega 465 474 1019 Dumka 485 494 1019 Godda 490 514 1049 Jamtara 468 485 1036 Pakur 449 472 1051 Sahibganj 424 491 1158 E.Singhbhum 413 435 1053 Saraikela 702 692 986 W.Singhbhum 719 726 1010 Overall 7114 7386 1038 Location of Tribes Intervention Locations 3604 3771 1046 Control Locations 3510 3615 1030 Tribal Groups Primitive Tribal Groups 1732 1874 1082 Other Tribal Groups 5382 5512 1024

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200



Chart 4 : Sex Ratio

1038 1082 1024 1046 1030

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In the intervention locations, the sex ratio was higher (1046) in comparison to the control locations

(1030). Among the Primitive Tribal Groups, the sex ratio was much higher (1082), in comparison to

the Other Tribal Groups (1024).

Table 10 : Decadal Change in Sex Ratio of the Population Covered

Overall No. of Males No. of Females Sex Ratio

Age 0-5 yrs. 1753 1780 1015 Age 0-10 yrs. 2790 2936 1052 Age 11-20 yrs. 959 1133 1181 Age 21-30 yrs. 1512 1780 1177 Age 31-40 yrs. 1019 781 766 Age 41-50 yrs. 490 365 745 Age 51-60 yrs. 215 238 1107 Age >60 yrs. 368 431 1171

Similarly, tribe-wise, the sex ratio was the highest among Saurya Pahariya (1170) followed by

Kharia (1108) and Birhor (1091). The sex ratio was the lowest among the Chik Baraik (848),

followed by Mahali (909) and Korwa (952). The trend in sex ratio among the tribals over the decades

is presented in the table above. Details are presented in Annexure-5 to Annexure-12.

3.5 Average Household Size Overall, the average household size was 4.83 persons per household. District-wise, the average

household size was the highest in Gumla (5.46) followed by Khunti (5.21) and Godda (5.02). The

average household size was the lowest in East Singhbhum (4.24) followed by Sahibganj (4.58) and

Pakur (4.61).

In the intervention locations, the average household size was higher (4.92) in comparison to the

control locations (4.75). Among the Primitive Tribal Groups, the average household size was lower

(4.62) in comparison to the Other Tribal Groups (4.91).

0

2

4

6

8

10



Chart 5 : Average Household Size

4.83 4.62 4.91 4.92 4.75

AMCS


Similarly, tribe-wise, the average household size was the highest among Korwa (5.86) followed by

Birhor (5.75) and Kharia (5.38). The average household size was the lowest among Savar (3.93),

followed by Kawar (4.44) and Pahariya (4.45). Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-13.

Table 11 : Average Household Size

Classification No. of Members

No. of Hhlds.

Average Hhld. Size

Gumla 1093 200 5.46 Khunti 1041 200 5.21 Latehar 989 200 4.95 Lohardaga 1003 200 5.01 Ranchi 976 200 4.88 Simdega 939 200 4.70 Dumka 979 200 4.89 Godda 1004 200 5.02 Jamtara 953 200 4.76 Pakur 921 200 4.61 Sahibganj 915 200 4.58 E.Singhbhum 848 200 4.24 Saraikela 1394 300 4.65 W.Singhbhum 1445 300 4.82

Overall 14500 3000 4.83 Location of Tribes Intervention Locations 7375 1500 4.92 Control Locations 7125 1500 4.75

Tribal Groups

Primitive Tribal Groups 3606 780 4.62 Other Tribal Groups 10894 2220 4.91

3.6 Disabilities Overall, there were 87 persons (0.60 percent)

with some kind of disability. In the intervention

locations there were 42 persons with some

disability, while in the control locations there

were 45 such persons.

Out of the total 87 persons with disability, 18

persons belonged to the Primitive Tribal Groups

while the remaining 69 persons belonged to the

Other Tribal Groups.

Similarly, tribe-wise, the largest number of persons with disability were among Santhal (25 persons)

followed by Munda (15 persons) and Oraon (12 persons). Details are presented in Annexure-14.

Among those, who suffered some kind of disability, motor disability in one leg was the highest

Table 12 : Types of Disabilities Among Tribals Proportion Classification n %

Motor Disability (One Leg) 28 32.18 Motor Disability (Both Legs) 14 16.09 Visually Impaired (One Eye 13 14.94 Motor Disability (One Hand) 9 10.34 Visually Impaired (Both Eyes) 7 8.05 Dumb 7 8.05 Motor Disability (Paralytic) 6 6.90 Mentally Handicapped 2 2.30 Deaf (One Ear) 1 1.15

Total 87 100.00

AMCS


(28 persons), followed by motor disability in both legs (14 persons) and visually impaired in one eye

(13 persons). Details are presented in Annexure-15. The break-up is presented in the table below.

3.7 Head of the Household Overall, in overwhelming 94 percent cases, the

head of the household was a male member,

while in only 6 percent cases, the head of the

household was a female member of the

household. The situation is similar in all the

categories. Overall, the proportion of male youth

(18-35 yrs.) headed household was 57 percent,

while the similar proportion for female youth

(18-35 yrs.) headed household was a miniscule

2 percent.

The situation is similar in all the categories. Details are presented in Annexure-16.

Table 12 : Head of the Household Proportion Classification n %

Male (18-35 yrs.) 1721 57.37Female (18-35 yrs.) 63 2.10Male (36-60 yrs.) 1012 33.73Female (36-60 yrs.) 89 2.97Male (>60 yrs.) 89 2.97Female (>60 yrs.) 26 0.87

Total 3000 100.00

0

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40

60

80

100



Chart 6 : Youth (male & female both) Headed Households (18-35 Yrs.)

59% 57% 60% 60% 59%

0

2

4

6

8

10



Chart 7 : Female Headed Households

7% 6%

5%

7% 6%

AMCS


3.8 Marital Status (A) Adult Males Overall, there were total 3365 adult males (>=21 yrs. of age). Out of these, almost 93 percent were

married, while around 5 percent were unmarried. The situation is similar in all the categories. Tribe-

wise details are presented in Annexure-17.

Table 13 : Marital Status of Male >=21 yrs. Unmarried Married Widower Separated Total

Classification n % n % n % n % N %

Gumla 12 4.90 229 93.47 4 1.63 0 0.00 245 100.00Khunti 15 6.00 224 89.60 11 4.40 0 0.00 250 100.00Latehar 12 5.48 201 91.78 5 2.28 1 0.46 219 100.00Lohardaga 6 2.64 217 95.59 4 1.76 0 0.00 227 100.00Ranchi 32 12.60 214 84.25 8 3.15 0 0.00 254 100.00Simdega 12 5.58 200 93.02 3 1.40 0 0.00 215 100.00Dumka 6 2.76 203 93.55 7 3.23 1 0.46 217 100.00Godda 11 4.74 213 91.81 7 3.02 1 0.43 232 100.00Jamtara 8 3.28 230 94.26 6 2.46 0 0.00 244 100.00Pakur 5 2.34 201 93.93 7 3.27 1 0.47 214 100.00Sahibganj 2 0.99 196 96.55 5 2.46 0 0.00 203 100.00E.Singhbhum 8 3.83 194 92.82 7 3.35 0 0.00 209 100.00Saraikela 27 7.96 306 90.27 6 1.77 0 0.00 339 100.00W.Singhbhum 6 2.02 287 96.63 4 1.35 0 0.00 297 100.00Overall 162 4.81 3115 92.57 84 2.50 4 0.12 3365 100.00Location of Tribes

Intervention Locations 68 4.02 1581 93.55 40 2.37 1 0.06 1690 100.00Control Locations 94 5.61 1534 91.58 44 2.63 3 0.18 1675 100.00Tribal Groups Primitive Tribal Groups 24 2.94 763 93.50 27 3.31 2 0.25 816 100.00Other Tribal Groups 138 5.41 2352 92.27 57 2.24 2 0.08 2549 100.00

Chart 8 : Marital Status of Males >=21 yrs.

Unmarried (5%) Married

(93%) Sparated (0.12%)

Widower (3%)

AMCS


(B) Adult Females Overall, there were total 3805 adult females (>=18 yrs. of age). Out of these, almost 86 percent

were married, while around 6 percent were unmarried. The situation is similar across the districts

and the intervention locations and the control locations. It is similar in case of both Primitive Tribal

Groups and the Other Tribal Groups also.

Among the various tribes also the situation was almost the same except the Gonds where the

proportion of unmarried adult girls was higher (23 percent) in comparison to the other tribes. Tribe-


Table 14 : Marital Status of Females >=18 yrs. Unmarried Married Widow Separated Total

Classification n % n % n % n % N %

Gumla 11 3.85 247 86.36 28 9.79 0 0.00 286 100.00Khunti 29 10.00 237 81.72 23 7.93 1 0.34 290 100.00Latehar 18 7.35 213 86.94 14 5.71 0 0.00 245 100.00Lohardaga 15 5.64 230 86.47 21 7.89 0 0.00 266 100.00Ranchi 31 11.15 221 79.50 25 8.99 1 0.36 278 100.00Simdega 25 10.08 207 83.47 16 6.45 0 0.00 248 100.00Dumka 2 0.83 220 90.91 19 7.85 1 0.41 242 100.00Godda 12 4.51 227 85.34 27 10.15 0 0.00 266 100.00Jamtara 14 5.13 236 86.45 19 6.96 4 1.47 273 100.00Pakur 14 5.71 207 84.49 22 8.98 2 0.82 245 100.00Sahibganj 13 5.12 210 82.68 29 11.42 2 0.79 254 100.00E.Singhbhum 13 5.75 196 86.73 17 7.52 0 0.00 226 100.00Saraikela 21 5.80 315 87.02 26 7.18 0 0.00 362 100.00W.Singhbhum 10 3.09 301 92.90 13 4.01 0 0.00 324 100.00Overall 228 5.99 3267 85.86 299 7.86 11 0.29 3805 100.00Location of Tribes Intervention Locations 92 4.88 1663 88.27 122 6.48 7 0.37 1884 100.00Control Locations 136 7.08 1604 83.50 177 9.21 4 0.21 1921 100.00Tribal Groups

Primitive Tribal Groups 40 4.24 814 86.32 84 8.91 5 0.53 943 100.00Other Tribal Groups 188 6.57 2453 85.71 215 7.51 6 0.21 2862 100.00

Chart 9 : Marital Status of Females >=18 yrs.

Unmarried (6%) Married

(86%) Sparated (0.29%)

Widow (8%)

AMCS


(C) Minor Males Overall, there were total 3509 minor males (<21 yrs. of age). Out of these, 98 percent were

unmarried, while only around 2 percent were married. The situation is similar in all the categories.


Table 15 : Marital Status of Male <21 yrs. Unmarried Married Total

Classification n % n % N %

Gumla 259 98.85 3 1.15 262 100.00 Khunti 244 98.39 4 1.61 248 100.00 Latehar 252 98.44 4 1.56 256 100.00 Lohardaga 232 97.48 6 2.52 238 100.00 Ranchi 210 98.13 4 1.87 214 100.00 Simdega 233 99.15 2 0.85 235 100.00 Dumka 252 98.44 4 1.56 256 100.00 Godda 232 97.89 5 2.11 237 100.00 Jamtara 207 99.04 2 0.96 209 100.00 Pakur 224 97.82 5 2.18 229 100.00 Sahibganj 190 94.06 12 5.94 202 100.00 E.Singhbhum 192 97.96 4 2.04 196 100.00 Saraikela 332 97.36 9 2.64 341 100.00 W.Singhbhum 382 98.96 4 1.04 386 100.00 Overall 3441 98.06 68 1.94 3509 100.00 Location of Tribes

Intervention Locations 1752 97.93 37 2.07 1789 100.00 Control Locations 1689 98.20 31 1.80 1720 100.00 Tribal Groups Primitive Tribal Groups 835 96.64 29 3.36 864 100.00 Other Tribal Groups 2606 98.53 39 1.47 2645 100.00

0

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40

60

80

100



Chart 10 : Marital Status of Male <21 yrs.

Unmarried (98%)

Married (2%)

Unmarried (98%)

Married (2%)

Unmarried (98%)

Married (2%)

Unmarried (97%)

Married (3%)

Unmarried (99%)

Married (1%)

AMCS


(D) Minor Females Overall, there were total 3304 minor females (<18 yrs. of age). Out of these, almost all were

unmarried. There were only 16 cases where a minor girl was reported to be married. The situation is

similar in all the categories. Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-20.

Table 16 : Marital Status of Female <18 yrs. Unmarried Married Total


Gumla 257 99.23 2 0.77 259 100.00 Khunti 227 99.56 1 0.44 228 100.00 Latehar 231 100.00 0 0.00 231 100.00 Lohardaga 235 100.00 0 0.00 235 100.00 Ranchi 203 99.51 1 0.49 204 100.00 Simdega 215 100.00 0 0.00 215 100.00 Dumka 226 100.00 0 0.00 226 100.00 Godda 229 99.57 1 0.43 230 100.00 Jamtara 184 99.46 1 0.54 185 100.00 Pakur 205 99.51 1 0.49 206 100.00 Sahibganj 213 98.16 4 1.84 217 100.00 E.Singhbhum 193 98.47 3 1.53 196 100.00 Saraikela 301 99.34 2 0.66 303 100.00 W.Singhbhum 369 100.00 0 0.00 369 100.00 Overall 3288 99.52 16 0.48 3304 100.00 Location of Tribes

Intervention Locations 1719 99.42 10 0.58 1729 100.00 Control Locations 1569 99.62 6 0.38 1575 100.00 Tribal Groups Primitive Tribal Groups 841 99.06 8 0.94 849 100.00 Other Tribal Groups 2447 99.67 8 0.33 2455 100.00

0

20

40

60

80

100



Chart 11 : Marital Status of Female <18 yrs.

Unmarried (99%)

Unmarried (99%)

Unmarried (99%)

Unmarried (99%)

Unmarried (99%)

Married (1%)

Married (1%)

Married (1%)

Married (1%)

Married (1%)

AMCS


3.9 Education Profile (A) Literacy Status – Adult Males (>=18 yrs.) Overall, there were total 3642 adult males (>=18 yrs. of age). Out of these, almost 43 percent were

illiterate, while another 9 percent were literate but had no formal education. Around 11 percent adult

males were primary pass, while 13 percent were middle pass and around 17 percent were high

school pass. Only 5 percent were intermediate pass and 3 percent were graduate & above.

District-wise, the proportion of illiterates among adult males was the highest in Pakur (66 percent)

followed by East Singhbhum (65 percent) and Godda (57 percent). The proportion of illiterates

among adult males was the lowest in Simdega (25 percent) followed by Lohardaga (27 percent) and

Ranchi (28 percent). The situation was similar in the intervention locations and the control locations.

However, among the Primitive Tribal Groups, the proportion of illiterates among adult males was

much higher (60 percent) in comparison to the Other Tribal Groups (37 percent).

Similarly, tribe-wise the proportion of illiterates among adult males was the highest among Savar

(85 percent) followed by Mal Paharia (65 percent) and Pahariya (63 percent). The proportion of

illiterates among adult males was the lowest among Kawar (16 percent) followed by Gond and Chick

Baraik (18 percent) each. Details are presented in Annexure-21.

Table 17 : Literacy Status – Adult Males (>=18 yrs.) Proportion Classification

n % Illiterate 1559 42.81 Literate but No Formal Education 339 9.31 Upto Primary Pass 391 10.74 Upto Middle Pass 468 12.85 Upto High School Pass 606 16.64 Upto Inter Pass 181 4.97 Graduate & Above Pass 98 2.69

Total 3642 100.00

0

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40

60

80

100



Chart 12 : Illiterate Adult Males (>=18 yrs.)

43%

60%

37% 44% 42%

AMCS


(B) Literacy Status – Adult Females (>=18 yrs.) Overall there were total 3805 adult females (>=18 yrs. of age). Out of these, almost 63 percent were

illiterate, while another 6 percent were literate but had no formal education. Around 8 percent adult

females were primary pass, while 9 percent were middle pass and around 10 percent were high

school pass. Only 3 percent were intermediate pass and around 2 percent were graduate & above.

District-wise, the proportion of illiterates among adult females was the highest in Pakur (82 percent)

followed by Godda (79 percent) and East Singhbhum (78 percent). The proportion of illiterates

among adult females was the lowest in Simdega (40 percent) followed by Ranchi (44 percent) and

Lohardaga (53 percent). The situation was similar in the intervention locations and the control

locations. However, among the Primitive Tribal Groups, the proportion of illiterates among adult

females was much higher (78 percent) in comparison to the Other Tribal Groups (58 percent).

Similarly, tribe-wise, the proportion of illiterates among adult females was the highest among Savar

(91 percent) followed by Birhor and Korwa (89 percent) each. The proportion of illiterates among

adult females was the lowest among Chick Baraik (32 percent) followed by Kawar (35 percent) and

Gond (45 percent). Details are presented in Annexure-22.

Table 18 : Literacy Status – Adult Females (>=18 yrs.) Proportion Classification

n % Illiterate 2389 62.79 Literate but No Formal Education 233 6.12 Upto Primary Pass 295 7.75 Upto Middle Pass 335 8.80 Upto High School Pass 379 9.96 Upto Inter Pass 110 2.89 Graduate & Above Pass 64 1.68

Total 3805 100.00

0

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40

60

80

100



Chart 13 : Illiterate Adult Females (>=18 yrs.)

63%

78%

58% 64% 62%

AMCS


(C) School Going Status – Boys (6-14 yrs.) Overall there were total 1457 boys (6-14 yrs. of age). Out of these, around 88 percent boys were

going to school, while remaining 12 percent were not going to school.

District-wise, the proportion of boys going to school was the highest in Lohardaga (96 percent)

followed by Latehar and Sahibganj (93 percent) each. The proportion of boys not going to school

was the highest in East Singhbhum (26 percent) followed by Gumla (19 percent) and West

Singhbhum and Saraikela (16 percent) each. The situation was similar in the intervention locations

and the control locations. Also, the situation was similar among the Primitive Tribal Groups and the

Other Tribal Groups.

Similarly, tribe-wise, the proportion of boys going to school was the highest among Gond

(100 percent) followed by Kharwar (96 percent) and Kharia and Kawar (92 percent) each. The

proportion of boys not going to school was the highest among Savar (55 percent) followed by Korwa

(43 percent) and Birhor (33 percent). Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-23.

Table 19 : School Going Status – Boys (6-14 yrs.) Going to School

Not Going to School Total


Gumla 86 81.13 20 18.87 106 100.00 Khunti 84 87.50 12 12.50 96 100.00 Latehar 115 92.74 9 7.26 124 100.00 Lohardaga 95 95.96 4 4.04 99 100.00 Ranchi 79 88.76 10 11.24 89 100.00 Simdega 101 90.99 10 9.01 111 100.00 Dumka 96 88.89 12 11.11 108 100.00 Godda 87 90.63 9 9.38 96 100.00 Jamtara 64 87.67 9 12.33 73 100.00 Pakur 86 89.58 10 10.42 96 100.00 Sahibganj 67 93.06 5 6.94 72 100.00 E.Singhbhum 59 73.75 21 26.25 80 100.00 Saraikela 108 83.72 21 16.28 129 100.00 W.Singhbhum 149 83.71 29 16.29 178 100.00 Overall 1276 87.58 181 12.42 1457 100.00 Location of Tribes Intervention Locations 641 86.62 99 13.38 740 100.00 Control Locations 635 88.56 82 11.44 717 100.00 Tribal Groups

Primitive Tribal Groups 302 83.66 59 16.34 361 100.00 Other Tribal Groups 974 88.87 122 11.13 1096 100.00

AMCS


(D) School Going Status – Girls (6-14 yrs.) Overall, there were total 1568 girls (6-14 yrs. of age). Out of these, 86 percent girls were going to

school, while the remaining 14 percent were not going to school.

Table 20 : School Going Status – Girls (6-14 yrs.) Going to School

Not Going to School Total


Gumla 87 76.32 27 23.68 114 100.00 Khunti 87 91.58 8 8.42 95 100.00 Latehar 105 92.11 9 7.89 114 100.00 Lohardaga 106 91.38 10 8.62 116 100.00 Ranchi 86 87.76 12 12.24 98 100.00 Simdega 92 91.09 9 8.91 101 100.00 Dumka 103 93.64 7 6.36 110 100.00 Godda 89 83.96 17 16.04 106 100.00 Jamtara 78 85.71 13 14.29 91 100.00 Pakur 86 79.63 22 20.37 108 100.00 Sahibganj 94 87.85 13 12.15 107 100.00 E.Singhbhum 67 70.53 28 29.47 95 100.00 Saraikela 113 90.40 12 9.60 125 100.00 W.Singhbhum 162 86.17 26 13.83 188 100.00 Overall 1355 86.42 213 13.58 1568 100.00 Location of Tribes Intervention Locations 707 86.54 110 13.46 817 100.00 Control Locations 648 86.28 103 13.72 751 100.00 Tribal Groups Primitive Tribal Groups 352 80.18 87 19.82 439 100.00 Other Tribal Groups 1003 88.84 126 11.16 1129 100.00

0

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60

80

100



Chart 14 : School Going Status – Boys (6-14 yrs.)

Not Going

to School (12%)

Not Going

to School (13%)

Not Going

to School (11%)

Not Going

to School (16%)

Going to School (88%)





Not Going

to School (11%)

AMCS


District-wise, the proportion of girls going to school was the highest in Dumka (94 percent) followed

by Latehar and Khunti (92 percent) each. The proportion of girls not going to school was the highest

in East Singhbhum (29 percent) followed by Gumla (24 percent) and Pakur (20 percent). The

situation was similar in the intervention locations and the control locations.

However, among the Primitive Tribal Groups, the proportion of girls not going to school was higher

(20 percent) in comparison to the Other Tribal Groups (11 percent).

Similarly, tribe-wise the proportion of girls going to school was the highest among Gond, Kharia and

Kawar (100 percent) each. The proportion of girls not going to school was the highest among Savar

(49 percent) followed by Korwa (43 percent) and Asur (27 percent). Tribe-wise details are presented

in Annexure-24.

(E) Reasons for Not Going to School – Boys (6-17 yrs.) Overall, there were total 1841 boys (6-17 yrs. of age). Out of these, 270 boys (15 percent) were not

going to school, while the remaining 85 percent were going to school. Those boys who were not

going to school were asked for the reasons for the same.

Table 21 : Reasons for Not Going to School – Boys (6-17 yrs.) Proportion Classification

n % Child Not Interested in Studies 161 59.63 Financial Constraints 41 15.19 Child Still Going to Anganwadi Center 30 11.11 Child is Too Young for School 19 7.04 Child Assisting Household in Agricultural Activities 14 5.19 Disability 5 1.85

Total 270 100.00

0

20

40

60

80

100



Not Going

to School (14%)

Not Going

to School (13%)

Not Going

to School (14%)

Not Going

to School (20%)

Not Going

to School (11%)

Chart 15 : School Going Status – Girls (6-14 yrs.)






AMCS


Overall, it was reported that around 60 percent such boys were not interested in studies, while

another 15 percent were not going to school due to financial constraints. In 11 percent cases, the

boys were still going to anganwadi center. In 7 percent cases, the household members considered

the boy too young to go to school yet, while in 5 percent cases, the boys were involved in assisting

the household in agricultural activities. In remaining 2 percent cases, the boys suffered from some

disability. The situation was similar in the intervention locations and the control locations.

However, among the Primitive Tribal Groups, the proportion of boys not going to school as they

were not interested in studies was higher (69 percent) in comparison to the Other Tribal Groups

(55 percent). Details are presented in Annexure-25.

(F) Reasons for Not Going to School – Girls (6-17 yrs.) Overall, there were total 1957 girls (6-17 yrs. of age). Out of these, 300 girls (15 percent) were not

going to school, while the remaining 85 percent were going to school. Those girls who were not

going to school were asked for the reasons for the same.

Table 22 : Reasons for Not Going to School – Girls (6-17 yrs.) Proportion Classification

n % Child Not Interested in Studies 112 37.33 Household Work 71 23.67 Financial Constraints 39 13.00 Child Still Going to Anganwadi Center 37 12.33 Child is Too Young for School 24 8.00 Disability 11 3.67 Child Assisting Household in Agricultural Activities 6 2.00

Total 300 100.00

Overall, it was reported that around 37 percent such girls were not interested in studies, while

another 24 percent were not going to school due to work at home. There were 13 percent girls who

were not going to school due to financial constraints while in another 12 percent cases the girl was

Chart 16 : Reasons for Not Going to School – Boys (6-17 yrs.)

Boy is Too Young for School

(7%) Financial Constraints

(15%)

Disability (2%)

Boy Not Interested in Studies (60%)

Boy Assisting Hhld. in Agricultural Activities (5%)

Boy Still Going to AWC (11%)

AMCS


still going to anganwadi center. In 8 percent cases the household members considered the girl too

young to go to school yet, while in 4 percent cases the girls suffered from some disability.

In remaining 2 percent cases, the girls were involved in assisting the household in agricultural

activities. The situation was similar in the intervention locations and the control locations. However,

among the Primitive Tribal Groups, the proportion of girls not going to school as they were not

interested in studies was higher (47 percent) in comparison to the Other Tribal Groups (31 percent).

Details are presented in Annexure-26.

3.10 Anganwadi Going Status (A) Boys (3-6 yrs.) All the villages covered in the survey had an anganwadi center. Overall, there were total 1212 boys

(3-6 yrs. of age). Out of these, around 51 percent boys were going to anganwadi center, while

remaining 49 percent were not going to anganwadi center.

0

20

40

60

80

100



Chart 18 : Anganwadi Going Status – Boys (3-6 yrs.)

Going to

AWC (51%)

Not Going

to AWC (49%)

Going to

AWC (54%)

Not Going

to AWC (46%)

Going to

AWC (50%)

Not Going

to AWC (50%)

Going to

AWC (51%)

Not Going

to AWC (49%)

Going to

AWC (48%)

Not Going

to AWC (52%)

Chart 17 : Reasons for Not Going to School – Girls (6-17 yrs.)

Girl Still Going to AWC (12%) Household Work

(24%)

Disability (4%)

Girl Not Interested in Studies (37%)

Girl is Too Young for School

(8%)

Financial Constraints

(13%)

Girl Assisting Hhld. in Agricultural Activities

(2%)

AMCS


District-wise, the proportion of boys going to anganwadi center was the highest in Simdega (74

percent) followed by Lohardaga, Pakur and East Singhbhum (58 percent) each. The proportion of

boys not going to anganwadi center was the highest in Ranchi (87 percent) followed by Khunti (58

percent) and Latehar (56 percent). The situation was similar in the intervention locations and the

control locations. Also, the situation was similar among the Primitive Tribal Groups and the Other

Tribal Groups.

Tribe-wise, the proportion of boys going to anganwadi center was the highest among Korwa

(100 percent) followed by Chik Baraik and Kawar (80 percent) each. The proportion of boys not

going to anganwadi center was the highest among Munda and Baiga (64 percent) followed by

Pahariya and Savar (57 percent) each. Tribe-wise, details are presented in Annexure-27.

Table 23 : Anganwadi Going Status – Boys (3-6 yrs.) Going to

Anganwadi Not Going to Anganwadi Total


Gumla 53 55.79 42 44.21 95 100.00 Khunti 33 41.77 46 58.23 79 100.00 Latehar 38 44.19 48 55.81 86 100.00 Lohardaga 53 58.24 38 41.76 91 100.00 Ranchi 8 13.33 52 86.67 60 100.00 Simdega 55 74.32 19 25.68 74 100.00 Dumka 47 50.54 46 49.46 93 100.00 Godda 40 48.19 43 51.81 83 100.00 Jamtara 46 54.76 38 45.24 84 100.00 Pakur 46 57.50 34 42.50 80 100.00 Sahibganj 29 55.77 23 44.23 52 100.00 E.Singhbhum 38 58.46 27 41.54 65 100.00 Saraikela 53 44.92 65 55.08 118 100.00 W. Singhbhum 78 51.32 74 48.68 152 100.00 Overall 617 50.91 595 49.09 1212 100.00 Location of Tribes Intervention Locations 310 48.44 330 51.56 640 100.00 Control Locations 307 53.67 265 46.33 572 100.00 Tribal Groups Primitive Tribal Groups 139 50.36 137 49.64 276 100.00 Other Tribal Groups 478 51.07 458 48.93 936 100.00

(B) Girls (3-6 yrs.) Overall, there were total 1314 girls (3-6 yrs. of age). Out of these, around 49 percent girls were

going to anganwadi center, while the remaining 51 percent were not going to anganwadi center.

District-wise, the proportion of girls going to anganwadi center was the highest in Lohardaga and

Jamtara (61 percent) followed by Simdega (59 percent). The proportion of girls not going to

anganwadi center was the highest in Ranchi (89 percent) followed by Khunti (75 percent) and

Dumka (66 percent). The situation was similar in the intervention locations and the control locations.

Also, the situation was similar among the Primitive Tribal Groups and the Other Tribal Groups.

AMCS


Table 24 : Anganwadi Going Status – Girls (3-6 yrs.)

Going to Anganwadi

Not Going to

Anganwadi Total

Classification

n % n % N % Gumla 60 56.60 46 43.40 106 100.00 Khunti 24 25.00 72 75.00 96 100.00 Latehar 40 42.55 54 57.45 94 100.00 Lohardaga 59 61.46 37 38.54 96 100.00 Ranchi 7 10.77 58 89.23 65 100.00 Simdega 50 58.82 35 41.18 85 100.00 Dumka 29 33.72 57 66.28 86 100.00 Godda 43 49.43 44 50.57 87 100.00 Jamtara 54 60.67 35 39.33 89 100.00 Pakur 40 51.95 37 48.05 77 100.00 Sahibganj 44 55.00 36 45.00 80 100.00 E.Singhbhum 37 52.86 33 47.14 70 100.00 Saraikela 66 55.93 52 44.07 118 100.00 W.Singhbhum 93 56.36 72 43.64 165 100.00 Overall 646 49.16 668 50.84 1314 100.00 Location of Tribes Intervention Locations 347 49.64 352 50.36 699 100.00 Control Locations 299 48.62 316 51.38 615 100.00 Tribal Groups

Primitive Tribal Groups 140 47.14 157 52.86 297 100.00 Other Tribal Groups 506 49.75 511 50.25 1017 100.00

Tribe-wise, the proportion of girls going to anganwadi center was the highest among Korwa

(100 percent) followed by Kharia (77 percent) and Gond (67 percent). The proportion of girls not

going to anganwadi center was the highest among Savar (81 percent) followed by Asur and Chick

Baraik (67 percent) each. Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-28.

0

20

40

60

80

100



Chart 19 : Anganwadi Going Status – Girls (3-6 yrs.)

Going to

AWC (49%)

Not Going

to AWC (51%)

Going to

AWC (50%)

Not Going

to AWC (50%)

Going to

AWC (49%)

Not Going

to AWC (51%)

Going to

AWC (47%)

Not Going

to AWC (53%)

Going to

AWC (50%)

Not Going

to AWC (50%)

AMCS


3.11 Main Occupation (A) Males in Working Age Group (18-60 yrs.) Overall, there were total 3513 males in the working age group (18-60 yrs. of age). Out of these, two-

third (67 percent) males were self employed (own agriculture, masons, vehicle drivers, cutting &

selling wood from forests, making & selling handicraft items, shopkeepers), while 26 percent males

were daily wage workers (construction workers, agriculture worker, factory worker, transport worker)

and only 2 percent were salaried employees (school teachers, health workers, helpers in private

organizations). Remaining 6 percent males belonged to the non-earning group (student,

unemployed, disabled).

District-wise, the proportion of males who were self employed was the highest in Gumla (83 percent)

followed by Simdega and West Singhbhum (75 percent) each.

Table 25 : Main Occupation – Males in Working Age Group (18-60 yrs.) Daily Wage

Worker Salaried

Employee Self

Employed Non-

Earning Total Classification

n % n % n % n % N % Gumla 17 6.80 2 0.80 207 82.80 24 9.60 250 100.00Khunti 43 16.48 3 1.15 191 73.18 24 9.20 261 100.00Latehar 64 28.57 3 1.34 147 65.63 10 4.46 224 100.00Lohardaga 54 23.28 3 1.29 167 71.98 8 3.45 232 100.00Ranchi 103 38.43 17 6.34 120 44.78 28 10.45 268 100.00Simdega 36 16.07 8 3.57 168 75.00 12 5.36 224 100.00Dumka 59 25.65 2 0.87 157 68.26 12 5.22 230 100.00Godda 61 25.31 2 0.83 169 70.12 9 3.73 241 100.00Jamtara 75 30.49 4 1.63 160 65.04 7 2.85 246 100.00Pakur 57 25.33 1 0.44 155 68.89 12 5.33 225 100.00Sahibganj 107 47.14 5 2.20 102 44.93 13 5.73 227 100.00E.Singhbhum 52 23.11 2 0.89 163 72.44 8 3.56 225 100.00Saraikela 116 33.14 6 1.71 202 57.71 26 7.43 350 100.00W.Singhbhum 59 19.03 9 2.90 233 75.16 9 2.90 310 100.00Overall 903 25.70 67 1.91 2341 66.64 202 5.75 3513 100.00Location of Tribes Intervention Locations 350 19.89 37 2.10 1282 72.84 91 5.17 1760 100.00Control Locations 553 31.55 30 1.71 1059 60.41 111 6.33 1753 100.00Tribal Groups

Primitive Tribal Groups 302 34.16 9 1.02 527 59.62 46 5.20 884 100.00Other Tribal Groups 601 22.86 58 2.21 1814 69.00 156 5.93 2629 100.00

In the intervention locations, 73 percent males were self employed, while 20 percent were daily

wage workers and 2 percent were salaried employees. In the control locations, 60 percent males

were self employed, while 32 percent were daily wage workers and 2 percent were salaried

employees.

AMCS


Among the Primitive Tribal Groups, 60 percent males were self employed, while 34 percent were

daily wage workers and 1 percent were salaried employees. While among the Other Tribal Groups,

69 percent males were self employed, another 23 percent were daily wage workers and 2 percent

were salaried employees.

Similarly, tribe-wise the proportion of males who were self employed was the highest among Kawar

(94 percent) followed by Asur (85 percent) and Kharia (82 percent). The proportion of males

engaged as daily wage worker was the highest among Paharia (48 percent) followed by Saurya

Pahariya (40 percent) and Baiga (39 percent).

Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-29. Details of daily wage workers among males are

presented in Annexure-30. Details of salaried employees among males are presented in Annexure-

31. Details of self employed among males are presented in Annexure-32. Details of non-earning

group among males are presented in Annexure-33.

(B) Females in Working Age Group (18-60 yrs.) Overall, there were total 3652 females in the working age group (18-60 yrs. of age). Out of these,

79 percent females belonged to the non-earning group (household work, student, unemployed,

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

OTGs

PTGs

Control Areas

Intervention Areas

Overall

Chart 20 : Main Occupation – Males in Working Age Group (18-60 yrs.)

Non-Earning (6%)

Salaried Employee (2%) Daily Wage Worker (26%)

Self Employed

(66%)

Non-Earning (5%)


Self Employed

(73%)

Non-Earning (6%)


Self Employed

(60%)

Non-Earning (5%)


Self Employed

(60%)

Non-Earning (6%)


Self Employed

(69%)

AMCS


disabled), while 10 percent each were self employed (own agriculture, mason, making & selling

handicraft items, making & selling handia) and daily wage workers (construction workers, agriculture

worker, factory worker, transport worker). Only 1 percent were salaried employees (health workers,

school teachers, helpers in private organizations).

District-wise, the proportion of females who were self employed was the highest in East Singhbhum

(17 percent) followed by Khunti (15 percent) and Simdega and Pakur (13 percent). In the

intervention locations, 12 percent females were self employed, while 6 percent were daily wage

workers and 1 percent were salaried employees. In the control locations, 8 percent females were

self employed, while 13 percent were daily wage workers and 2 percent were salaried employees.

Table 26 : Main Occupation – Females in Working Age Group (18-60 yrs.) Daily Wage

Worker Salaried

Employee Self

Employed Non-Earning Total Classification

n % n % n % n % N % Gumla 2 0.75 0 0.00 4 1.50 261 97.75 267 100.00Khunti 4 1.42 5 1.78 42 14.95 230 81.85 281 100.00Latehar 4 1.71 3 1.28 9 3.85 218 93.16 234 100.00Lohardaga 23 9.20 5 2.00 14 5.60 208 83.20 250 100.00Ranchi 33 12.60 10 3.82 32 12.21 187 71.37 262 100.00Simdega 12 5.04 7 2.94 30 12.61 189 79.41 238 100.00Dumka 12 5.11 1 0.43 19 8.09 203 86.38 235 100.00Godda 33 13.10 0 0.00 24 9.52 195 77.38 252 100.00Jamtara 74 28.68 1 0.39 27 10.47 156 60.47 258 100.00Pakur 22 9.09 3 1.24 32 13.22 185 76.45 242 100.00Sahibganj 24 9.72 5 2.02 26 10.53 192 77.73 247 100.00E.Singhbhum 47 21.56 3 1.38 37 16.97 131 60.09 218 100.00Saraikela 38 10.92 2 0.57 38 10.92 270 77.59 348 100.00W.Singhbhum 20 6.25 7 2.19 35 10.94 258 80.63 320 100.00Overall 348 9.53 52 1.42 369 10.10 2883 78.94 3652 100.00Location of Tribes Intervention Locations 115 6.34 22 1.21 222 12.23 1456 80.22 1815 100.00Control Locations 233 12.68 30 1.63 147 8.00 1427 77.68 1837 100.00Tribal Groups Primitive Tribal Groups 110 11.93 11 1.19 108 11.71 693 75.16 922 100.00Other Tribal Groups 238 8.72 41 1.50 261 9.56 2190 80.22 2730 100.00

Among the Primitive Tribal Groups, 12 percent females each were self employed and daily wage

workers while 1 percent were salaried employees. Among the Other Tribal Groups, 10 percent

females were self employed, while 9 percent were daily wage workers and 2 percent were salaried

employees.

Similarly, tribe-wise the proportion of females self employed was the highest among Birhor

(38 percent) followed by Savar (25 percent) and Gond (22 percent). The proportion of females

AMCS


engaged as daily wage worker was the highest among Savar (27 percent) followed by Birhor

(25 percent) and Santhal (16 percent). Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-34.

Details of daily wage workers among females are presented in Annexure-35. Details of salaried

employees among females are presented in Annexure-36. Details of self employed among females

are presented in Annexure-37. Details of non-earning group among females are presented in

Annexure-38.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

OTGs

PTGs

Control Areas

Intervention Areas

Overall

Chart 21 : Females in Working Age Group (18-60 yrs.)

Self Employed (10%) Salaried Employee (1%)

Daily Wage Worker (10%)

Non-Earning (79%)



Non-Earning (80%)



Non-Earning (77%)



Non-Earning (75%)



Non-Earning (79%)

AMCS


3.12 Trainings Received (A) Males in Working Age Group (18-60 yrs.) Overall, there were total 3513 males in the working age group (18-60 yrs. of age). Out of these, only

1 percent had received any training while the remaining 99 percent had not received any training.

The situation was similar across all the categories.

Table 27 : Received Any Training – Males in Working Age Group (18-60 yrs.) Received Any

Training Not Received Any Training Total Classification


Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-39. Those who have received any training were asked

to specify the types of training received. Details are presented in Annexure-40.

AMCS



less than 1 percent had received any training while the remaining 99 percent had not received any

training. The situation was similar across all the categories.

Table 28 : Received Any Training – Females in Working Age Group (18-60 yrs.) Received

Any Training Not Received Any Training Total Classification


Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-41. Those who have received any training were asked

to specify the types of training received. Details are presented in Annexure-42.

AMCS


3.13 Having Any Skills (A) Males in Working Age Group (18-60 yrs.) Overall, there were total 3513 males in the working age group (18-60 yrs. of age). Out of these, only

around 5 percent had any skill for income generation, while remaining 95 percent had no skill for

income generation activities. The situation was similar across all the categories (intervention &

control; PTGs & OTGs).

Table 29 : Skill for Income Generation – Males in Working Age Group (18-60 yrs.) Have Any

Skill Have No

Skill Total Classification n % n % N %


Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-43. Those who had any skill were asked to specify the

types of skills they have. Details are presented in Annexure-44.

AMCS



only around 3 percent had any skill for income generation, while remaining 97 percent had no skill

for income generation activities. The situation was similar across all the categories.

Table 30 : Skill for Income Generation – Females in Working Age Group (18-60 yrs.) Have Any

Skill Have No

Skill Total Classification


Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-45. Those who had any skill were asked to specify the

types of skills they have. Details are presented in Annexure-46.

AMCS


3.14 Identity Cards (A) Voter Card – Males (>=18 yrs.) Overall, there were total 3642 males (>=18 yrs. of age). Out of these, 90 percent males had voter

card, while 10 percent such males did not have voter card. District-wise, the proportion of males who

had voter card was the highest in Lohardaga and Jamtara (94 percent) each, followed by Simdega

and West Singhbhum (93 percent) each. The proportion of males who did not have voter card was

the highest in Sahibganj (23 percent) followed by Godda (16 percent) and Dumka (11 percent). The

situation was similar in intervention locations and the control locations.

Table 31 : Voter Card – Males (>=18 yrs.)

Have Voter Card

Do Not Have Voter

Card Total Classification


Among the Primitive Tribal Groups, the proportion of males having voter card was lower (84 percent)

in comparison to the males among the Other Tribal Groups (92 percent).

Similarly, tribe-wise, the proportion of males having voter card was the highest among Kawar and

Birhor (100 percent) each, followed by Gond (95 percent). The proportion of males not having voter

card was the highest among Saurya Pahariya (24 percent), followed by Chick Baraik (23 percent)

and Savar (17 percent). Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-47.

AMCS


(B) Voter Card – Females (>=18 yrs.) Overall, there were total 3805 females (>=18 yrs. of age). Out of these, 85 percent females had

voter card, while 15 percent such females did not have voter card.

Table 32 : Voter Card – Females (>=18 yrs.)

Have Voter Card

Do Not Have Voter



0

20

40

60

80

100



Chart 22 : Voter Card – Males (>=18 yrs.)

Have Voter Card (90%)





Do Not Have Voter Card (10%)





AMCS


District-wise, the proportion of females who had voter card was the highest in Gumla, Latehar and

West Singhbhum (89 percent) each. The proportion of females who did not have voter card was the

highest in Sahibganj (34 percent), followed by Godda (20 percent) and Khunti & Lohardaga

(15 percent) each. The situation was similar in intervention locations and the control locations.

Among the Primitive Tribal Groups, the proportion of females having voter card was lower

(76 percent) in comparison to females among the Other Tribal Groups (88 percent).

Similarly, tribe-wise the proportion of females having voter card was the highest among Kawar and

Birhor (100 percent) each, followed by Ho and Kharwar (90 percent). The proportion of females not

having voter card was the highest among Saurya Pahariya (36 percent), followed by Savar

(26 percent) and Pahariya (21 percent). Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-48.

0

20

40

60

80

100












Chart 23 : Voter Card – Females (>=18 yrs.)


AMCS


(C) Aadhaar Card – Males (>=18 yrs.) Overall, there were total 3642 males (>=18 yrs. of age). Out of these, 98 percent males had

Aadhaar Card, while only 2 percent such males did not have Aadhaar Card. The situation was

similar across all categories. Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-49.

Table 33 : Aadhaar Card – Males (>=18 yrs.)

Have Aadhaar

Card

Do Not Have

Aadhaar Card



0

20

40

60

80

100



Chart 24 : Aadhaar Card – Males (>=18 yrs.)

Have Aadhaar

Card (98%)

Have Aadhaar

Card (98%)

Have Aadhaar

Card (98%)

Have Aadhaar

Card (97%)

Have Aadhaar

Card (98%)

Do Not Have

Aadhaar Card (2%)

Do Not Have

Aadhaar Card (2%)

Do Not Have

Aadhaar Card (2%)

Do Not Have

Aadhaar Card (3%)

Do Not Have

Aadhaar Card (2%)

AMCS


(D) Aadhaar Card – Females (>=18 yrs.) Overall, there were total 3805 females (>=18 yrs. of age). Out of these, 97 percent females had

Aadhaar Card, while only 3 percent such females did not have Aadhaar Card. The situation was

similar across all categories. Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-50.

Table 34 : Aadhaar Card – Females (>=18 yrs.) Have

Aadhaar Card

Do Not Have Aadhaar



0

20

40

60

80

100



Chart 25 : Aadhaar Card – Females (>=18 yrs.)

Have Aadhaar

Card (97%)

Have Aadhaar

Card (97%)

Have Aadhaar

Card (97%)

Have Aadhaar

Card (95%)

Have Aadhaar

Card (97%)

Do Not Have

Aadhaar Card (3%)

Do Not Have

Aadhaar Card (3%)

Do Not Have

Aadhaar Card (3%)

Do Not Have

Aadhaar Card (5%)

Do Not Have

Aadhaar Card (3%)

AMCS


(E) Aadhaar Card – Males (5-17 yrs.) Overall, there were total 2020 males (5-17 yrs. of age). Out of these, 78 percent males had Aadhaar

Card, while 22 percent such males did not have Aadhaar Card. Location-wise and tribal group-wise

the situation was similar.

Tribe-wise, the proportion of males having Aadhaar Card was the highest among Birhor

(100 percent) followed by Kharwar (91 percent) and Korwa (89 percent). The proportion of males not

having Aadhaar Card was the highest among Pahariya (35 percent) followed by Savar (32 percent)

and Baiga & Asur (29 percent) each. Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-51.

Table 35 : Aadhaar Card – Males (5-17 yrs.) Have

Aadhaar Card

Do Not Have Aadhaar



AMCS


(F) Aadhaar Card – Females (5-17 yrs.) Overall, there were total 2116 females (5-17 yrs. of age). Out of these, 76 percent females had

Aadhaar Card, while 24 percent such females did not have Aadhaar card. Location-wise and tribal

group-wise the situation was similar.

Table 36 : Aadhaar Card – Females (5-17 yrs.)

Have Aadhaar

Card

Do Not Have

Aadhaar Card



0

20

40

60

80

100



Have Aadhaar

Card (78%)

Have Aadhaar

Card (77%)

Have Aadhaar

Card (80%)

Have Aadhaar

Card (80%)

Have Aadhaar

Card (78%)

Do Not Have

Aadhaar Card (22%)

Do Not Have

Aadhaar Card (23%)

Do Not Have

Aadhaar Card (20%)

Do Not Have

Aadhaar Card (20%)

Do Not Have

Aadhaar Card (22%)

Chart 26 : Aadhaar Card – Males (5-17 yrs.)

AMCS


Tribe-wise, the proportion of females having Aadhaar Card was the highest among Mal Pahariya

and Korwa (86 percent) each, followed by Birhor (85 percent). The proportion of females not having

Aadhaar Card was the highest among Asur (39 percent) followed by Kavar (33 percent) and Savar

(32 percent). Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-52.

(G) MGNREGS Job Card – Males (18-60 yrs.) Overall, there were total 3513 males (18-60 yrs. of age). Out of these, only 24 percent males had

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) Job Card, while 76

percent such males did not have MGNREGS Job Card.

District-wise, the proportion of males having MGNREGS Job Card was the highest in Jamtara

(51 percent) followed by Gumla and Pakur (36 percent) each. The proportion of males not having

0

20

40

60

80

100



Have Aadhaar

Card (76%)

Have Aadhaar

Card (76%)

Have Aadhaar

Card (76%)

Have Aadhaar

Card (78%)

Have Aadhaar

Card (75%)

Do Not Have

Aadhaar Card (24%)

Do Not Have

Aadhaar Card (24%)

Do Not Have

Aadhaar Card (24%)

Do Not Have

Aadhaar Card (22%)

Do Not Have

Aadhaar Card (25%)

Chart 27 : Aadhaar Card – Females (5-17 yrs.)

0

20

40

60

80

100



Have Job Card

(24%)

Not Have Job Card

(76%)

Chart 28 : MGNREGS Job Card – Males (18-60 yrs.)

Have Job Card (28%)

Not Have Job Card

(72%)

Have Job Card (21%)

Not Have Job Card

(79%)

Have Job Card (22%)

Not Have Job Card

(78%)

Have Job Card (25%)

Not Have Job Card

(75%)

AMCS


MGNREGS Job Card was the highest in Ranchi, East Singhbhum and West Singhbhum

(88 percent) each. Location-wise and tribal group-wise the situation was similar.

Table 37 : MGNREGS Job Card – Males (18-60 yrs.)

Have MGNREGS Job Card

Do Not Have

MGNREGS Job Card



Tribe-wise, the proportion of males having MGNREGS Job Card was the highest among Chick

Baraik (38 percent) followed by Mal Paharia & Asur (35 percent) each. The proportion of males not

having MGNREGS Job Card was the highest among Savar (96 percent), followed by Ho

(87 percent) and Pahariya (86 percent). Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-53.

(H) MGNREGS Job Card – Females (18-60 yrs.) Overall, there were total 3652 females (18-60 yrs. of age). Out of these, only 16 percent females

had MGNREGS Job Card, while 84 percent such females did not have MGNREGS Job Card.

District-wise, the proportion of females having MGNREGS Job Card was the highest in Jamtara

(32 percent) followed by Latehar & Pakur (21 percent) each. The proportion of females not having

MGNREGS Job Card was the highest in Ranchi and West Singhbhum (91 percent) each, followed

by Sahibganj and East Singhbhum (90 percent). Location-wise and tribal group-wise the situation

was similar.

AMCS


Tribe-wise, the proportion of females having MGNREGS Job Card was the highest among Baiga

(26 percent) followed by Birhor (25 percent) and Asur (24 percent). The proportion of females not

having MGNREGS Job Card was the highest among Savar (96 percent) followed by Pahariya

(92 percent) and Ho (91 percent). Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-54.

Table 38 : MGNREGS Job Card – Females (18-60 yrs.)

Have MGNREGS Job Card

Do Not Have

MGNREGS Job Card



0

20

40

60

80

100



Have Job Card (16%)

Not Have Job Card

(84%)

Chart 29 : MGNREGS Job Card – Females (18-60 yrs.)

Have Job Card (18%)

Not Have Job Card

(82%)

Have Job Card (13%)

Not Have Job Card

(87%)

Have Job Card (13%)

Not Have Job Card

(87%)

Have Job Card (16%)

Not Have Job Card

(84%)

AMCS


3.15 Savings Bank Account (A) Males (>=18 yrs.) Overall, there were total 3642 males (>=18 yrs. of age). Out of these, only 53 percent males had a

savings bank account, while 47 percent such males did not have any savings bank account. District-

wise, the proportion of males having savings bank account was the highest in Lohardaga

(72 percent), followed by Simdega (69 percent) and Ranchi (67 percent). The proportion of males

not having savings bank account was the highest in Dumka (76 percent), followed by Sahibganj

(70 percent) and Pakur (64 percent).

Table 39 : Savings Bank Account – Males (>=18 yrs.) Having Any

Savings Bank

Account

Not Having Any Savings

Bank Account



In the intervention locations and the control locations the situation was similar. However, among the

Primitive Tribal Groups, the proportion of males having savings bank account was much lower

(32 percent) in comparison to the males in the Other Tribal Groups (60 percent).

Tribe-wise, the proportion of males having savings bank account was the highest among Kawar

(89 percent), followed by Gond (82 percent) and Oraon (68 percent). The proportion of males not

having savings bank account was the highest among Birhor (100 percent), followed by Pahariya

(76 percent) and Savar (73 percent). Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-55.

AMCS


The males who had savings bank account, were asked the place where they had their savings bank

account opened. Overall, bank was reported by almost 93 percent males as the place where they

had opened their savings bank account, while post office was reported by 9 percent males. Savings

bank account was opened at both the places; bank and post office by around 2 percent males.


Table 40 : Place of Savings Bank Account – Males (>=18 yrs.)

Bank Post Office Both Males Having Savings Bank

Account Classification

n % n % n % N % Gumla 152 96.20 9 5.70 3 1.90 158 100.00 Khunti 177 97.25 5 2.75 0 0.00 182 100.00 Latehar 126 86.90 29 20.00 10 6.90 145 100.00 Lohardaga 170 96.05 8 4.52 1 0.56 177 100.00 Ranchi 161 86.10 35 18.72 9 4.81 187 100.00 Simdega 156 98.11 4 2.52 1 0.63 159 100.00 Dumka 56 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 56 100.00 Godda 94 92.16 9 8.82 1 0.98 102 100.00 Jamtara 89 71.20 37 29.60 1 0.80 125 100.00 Pakur 83 97.65 3 3.53 1 1.18 85 100.00 Sahibganj 64 94.12 4 5.88 0 0.00 68 100.00 E.Singhbhum 104 97.20 3 2.80 0 0.00 107 100.00 Saraikela 193 91.47 21 9.95 3 1.42 211 100.00 W.Singhbhum 160 98.16 4 2.45 1 0.61 163 100.00 Overall 1785 92.73 171 8.88 31 1.61 1925 100.00 Location of Tribes Intervention Locations 891 93.20 84 8.79 19 1.99 956 100.00 Control Locations 894 92.26 87 8.98 12 1.24 969 100.00 Tribal Groups Primitive Tribal Groups 272 95.44 14 4.91 1 0.35 285 100.00 Other Tribal Groups 1513 92.26 157 9.57 30 1.83 1640 100.00

0

20

40

60

80

100



Have SB A/c (53%)

Chart 30 : Savings Bank Account – Males (>=18 yrs.)

No SB A/c (47%)

Have SB A/c (53%)

No SB A/c (47%)

Have SB A/c (53%)

No SB A/c (47%) Have

SB A/c (32%)

No SB A/c (68%)

Have SB A/c (60%) No

SB A/c (40%)

AMCS


(B) Females (>=18 yrs.) Overall, there were total 3805 females (>=18 yrs. of age). Out of these, only 35 percent females had

a savings bank account, while 65 percent such females did not have any savings bank account.

District-wise, the proportion of females having savings bank account was the highest in Ranchi

(54 percent) followed by Lohardaga (53 percent) and Latehar (47 percent). The proportion of

females not having savings bank account was the highest in Dumka (92 percent) followed by

Sahibganj (82 percent) and Godda (76 percent).

Table 41 : Savings Bank Account – Females (>=18 yrs.)

Having Any Savings

Bank Account

Not Having Any

Savings Bank

Account



In the intervention locations and the control locations the situation was similar. However, among the

Primitive Tribal Groups, the proportion of females having savings bank account was much lower

(23 percent) in comparison to the females in the Other Tribal Groups (39 percent).

Tribe-wise, the proportion of females having savings bank account was the highest among Kawar

(60 percent) followed by Mahali (52 percent) and Oraon (49 percent). The proportion of females not

having savings bank account was the highest among Pahariya (87 percent) followed by Savar

(84 percent) and Saurya Pahariya (80 percent). Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-57.

AMCS


The females who had savings bank account, were asked the place where they had their savings

bank account opened. Overall, bank was reported by almost 89 percent females as the place where

they had opened their savings bank account, while post office was reported by 13 percent females.

Savings bank account was opened at both the places; bank and post office by around 2 percent

females. Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-58.

Table 42 : Place of Savings Bank Account – Females (>=18 yrs.)

Bank Post Office Both

Females Having

Savings Bank Account

Classification


0

20

40

60

80

100



Have SB A/c (35%)

Chart 31 : Savings Bank Account – Females (>=18 yrs.)

No SB A/c (65%)

Have SB A/c (34%)

No SB A/c (66%)

Have SB A/c (36%)

No SB A/c (64%)

Have SB A/c (23%)

No SB A/c (77%)

Have SB A/c (39%)

No SB A/c (61%)

AMCS


3.16 Life Insurance Policy (A) Males (18-60 yrs.) Overall, there were total 3513 males (18-60 yrs. of age). Out of these, only 3 percent males had a

life insurance policy, while 97 percent such males did not have any life insurance policy. Tribe-wise

details are presented in Annexure-59.

Table 43 : Life Insurance Policy – Males (18-60 yrs.) Have Any

Life Insurance

Policy

Do Not Have Any Life

Insurance Policy



Chart 32 : Life Insurance Policy – Males (18-60 yrs.)

Do Not Have Any Life Insurance

Policy (97%) Have

Life Insurance Policy (3%)

AMCS


(B) Females (18-60 yrs.) Overall, there were total 3652 females (18-60 yrs. of age). Out of these, only 1 percent females had

a life insurance policy, while 99 percent such females did not have any life insurance policy. Tribe-


Table 44 : Life Insurance Policy – Females (18-60 yrs.) Have Any

Life Insurance

Policy

Do Not Have Any Life

Insurance Policy



Chart 33 : Life Insurance Policy – Females (18-60 yrs.)

Do Not Have Any Life Insurance

Policy (99%) Have

Life Insurance Policy (1%)

AMCS


3.17 Membership of Village Committees (A) Males (>=18 yrs.) Overall, there were total 3642

males (>=18 yrs. of age). Out of

these, less than 1 percent males

were member of any village

committee, while 99 percent such

males were not member of any

village committee.

The various village committees of which these males were members are presented in the table

above. Details are presented in Annexure-61.

(B) Females (>=18 yrs.) Overall there were total 3805

females (>=18 yrs. of age).

Out of these, 15 percent

females were member of any

village committee, while 85

percent such females were not

member of any village

committee.

The various village committees of which these females were members are presented in the table

above. Details are presented in Annexure-62.

Table 45 : Membership of Village Committees – Males (>=18 yrs.) Proportion Classification

n % Self Help Groups 23 0.63Village Development Committee 2 0.05Village Health Committee 1 0.03Village Education Committee 1 0.03Not Member of Any Village Committee 3615 99.26

Total 3642 100.00

Table 46 : Membership of Village Committees – Females (>=18 yrs.) Proportion Classification

n % Self Help Groups 558 14.66Village Vigilance Committee 6 0.16Village Development Committee 1 0.03Village Health Committee 1 0.03Village Education Committee 1 0.03Not Member of Any Village Committee 3238 85.10

Total 3805 100.00

Chart 34 : Membership of Any Village Committee – Males (>=18 yrs.)

Member of Any Village Committee

(1%)

Not Member of Any Village Committee

(99%)

Chart 35 : Membership of Any Village Committee – Males (>=18 yrs.)

Member of Any Village Committee

(1%)

Not Member of Any Village Committee

(99%)

AMCS


3.18 Preferred Income Generation Activity (A) Males (18-60 yrs.) All adult males in the working age group (18-60 yrs. of age) were asked to state their preferred

income generation activity that they would like to pursue in the future. Overall, more than one-third

(35 percent) such males said that they preferred goatary as income generation activity, while

another 27 percent males preferred poultry farming and 7 percent preferred piggery.

There were 6 percent males who preferred cow/buffalo rearing and around 4 percent who wanted to

own a kirana shop.

Table 47 : Preferred Income Generation Activity – Males (18-60 yrs.) Proportion Classification

n % Goatary 1228 34.96 Poultry Farming 938 26.70 Piggery 239 6.80 Cow/Buffalo Rearing 222 6.32 Kirana Shop 124 3.53 Agriculture 99 2.82 Pisci-culture 37 1.05 Eatery Shop 14 0.40 Contractor 14 0.40 Mason 12 0.34 Vehicle Driver 10 0.28 Vegetable Shop 8 0.23 Cosmetics Shop 8 0.23 Flour Mill 8 0.23 Beetle Shop 7 0.20 Lac Cultivation 5 0.14 Health Worker 5 0.14 Cloth Store 5 0.14 Carpenter Shop 5 0.14 Handicraft 5 0.14 Tailoring 4 0.11 Mushroom Farming 4 0.11 Motor Garage 4 0.11 Teacher 3 0.09 Soap Making 2 0.06 Footwear Shop 2 0.06 Tussser Farming 2 0.06 Handia Making 1 0.03 Don't Know 498 14.18

Total 3513 100.00

There were 14 percent males who said that they did not know/had no ides what income generation

activity they would prefer to pursue. Details are presented in Annexure-63.

AMCS


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Goatary

Poultry Farming

Piggery

Cow/Buffalo Rearing

Kirana Shop

Agriculture

Pisci-culture

Eatery Shop

Contracor

Mason

Vehicle Driver

Begetable Shop

Cosmetics Shop

Flour Mill

Beetle Shop

Lac Cultivation

Health Worker

Cloth Store

Carpenter Shop

Handicraft

Tailoring

Mushroom Farming

Motor Garage

Teacher

Soap Making

Footwear Shop

Tussser Farming

Handia Making

Don't Know

Chart 36 : Preferred Income Generation Activity – Males (18-60 yrs.)

(14%)

(35%)

(6%)

(27%)

(4%)

(3%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(7%)

AMCS


(B) Females (18-60 yrs.) All adult females in the working age group (18-60 yrs. of age) were asked to state their preferred

income generation activity that they would like to pursue in the future. Overall, more than 27 percent

such females said that they preferred goatary as income generation activity, while another 21

percent females preferred poultry farming and 5 percent preferred cow/buffalo rearing.

Some of the other options for preferred income generation activities by the females included —

tailoring (1 percent), owning a kirana shop (1 percent), pisci-culture (1 percent), agriculture

(1 percent).

Table 48 : Preferred Income Generation Activity – Females (18-60 yrs.) Proportion Classification

n % Goatary 997 27.30 Poultry Farming 772 21.14 Piggery 226 6.19 Cow/Buffalo Rearing 169 4.63 Tailoring 53 1.45 Kirana Shop 51 1.40 Pisci-culture 34 0.93 Agriculture 34 0.93 Handia Making 10 0.27 Vegetable Shop 8 0.22 Eatery Shop 7 0.19 Handicraft 7 0.19 Cosmetics Shop 7 0.19 Tussser Farming 4 0.11 Teacher 3 0.08 Soap Making 3 0.08 Beetle Shop 2 0.05 Lac Cultivation 2 0.05 Cloth Store 2 0.05 Health Worker 1 0.03 Mushroom Farming 1 0.03 Contractor 1 0.03 Carpenter Shop 1 0.03 Vehicle Driver 1 0.03 Don't Know 1256 34.39

Total 3652 100.00

There were more than 34 percent females who said that they did not know/had no ides what income

generation activity they would prefer to pursue. Details are presented in Annexure-64.

AMCS


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Goatary

Poultry Farming

Piggery

Cow/Buffalo Rearing

Tailoring

Kirana Shop

Pisci-culture

Agriculture

Handia Making

Vegetable Shop

Eatery Shop

Handicraft

Cosmetics Shop

Tussser Farming

Teacher

Soap Making

Beetle Shop

Lac Cultivaion

Cloth Store

Health Worker

Mushroom Farming

Contractor

Carpenter Shop

Vehicle Driver

Don't Know

Chart 37 : Preferred Income Generation Activity – Females (18-60 yrs.)

(34%)

(27%)

(6%)

(21%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(1%)

(5%)

AMCS


3.19 Temporary Migration Trends (A) Males (>=12 yrs.) Overall, there were total 4279 males (>=12 yrs. of age). Out of these, around 4 percent males

migrated out temporarily (upto maximum 180 days during the last one year period) out of their

village in search of work, while 96 percent such males did not migrate out of the village. The

situation was similar across all categories. Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-65.

Table 49 : Temporary Migration – Males (>=12 yrs.) Migrated During

Last 1 Year

Not Migrated During Last 1

Year Total Classification


Chart 38 : Temporary Migration – Males (>=12 yrs.)

Migrated During Last 1 Year

(4%)

Not Migrated During Last 1 Year

(96%)

AMCS


Among those males who temporarily migrated out of their village during the last one year,

84 percent migrated out of the state of Jharkhand, while another 12 migrated out of their district but

remained within Jharkhand. Remaining 4 percent migrated out of their village to some other place

but within their own district.

The phenomenon of migrating out of the state was universal and was observed in all the districts.


Table 50 : Location of Temporary Migration – Males (>=12 yrs.) Outside Village, Within District

Outside District, Within State

Outside State

Total Who Migrated

Out Classification


Chart 39 : Location of Temporary Migration – Males

Outside Village, Within District

(4%)

Outside State (84%)


(12%)

AMCS


Among those males who

migrated out, more than

69 percent were engaged

as non-agriculture labour,

while another 12 percent

were engaged as factory

worker and around 11

percent as agriculture

worker. Details are

presented in Annexure-67.

Table 52 : Season of Temporary Migration – Males (>=12 yrs.) Summer Season

Rainy Season

Winter Season Total Classification


Table 51 : Type of Work During Temporary Migration – Males (>=12 yrs.) Proportion Classification

n % Non-Agriculture Labour 124 69.27Factory Worker 22 12.29Agriculture Labour 19 10.61Mason 7 3.91Helper in Office 3 1.68Cleaner in Hotel 2 1.12Domestic Help 1 0.56Vehicle Driver 1 0.56

Total 179 100.00

Chart 40 : Type of Work During Temporary Migration – Males (>=12 yrs.)

Agriculture Labour (11%)

Non-Agriculture Labour (69%)

Factory Worker (12%)

Others (8%)

AMCS


More than one half (53 percent) males who migrated did so during winter season, while another 36

percent migrated during rainy season. Only 11 percent males migrated out during summer season.


Only around 7 percent males who migrated out, did so for a period of upto 1 month. Almost 57

percent males who migrated, did so for a duration of 5 to 6 months during the last one year. Details

are presented in Annexure-69.

Table 53 : Duration of Temporary Migration – Males (>=12 yrs.) Proportion Classification

n % Upto 1 Month 12 6.70 Upto 2 Months 20 11.17 Upto 3 Months 19 10.61 Upto 4 Months 26 14.53 Upto 5 Months 60 33.52 Upto 6 Months 42 23.46

Total 179 100.00

Chart 41 : Season of Temporary Migration – Males (>=12 yrs.)

Winter Season (53%)

Rainy Season (36%)

Summer Season (11%)

Chart 42 : Duration of Temporary Migration – Males (>=12 yrs.)

Upto 1 Month (7%)

Upto 2 Months (11%)

Upto 3 Months (11%)

Upto 4 Months (15%) Upto 5 Month (34%)

Upto 6 Months (23%)

AMCS


(B) Females (>=12 yrs.) Overall, there were total 4384 females (>=12 yrs. of age). Out of these, around 1 percent females

migrated out temporarily (upto maximum 180 days during the last one year period) out of their

village in search of work, while 99 percent such females did not migrate out of the village. The

situation was similar across all categories. Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-70.

Table 54 : Temporary Migration – Females (>=12 yrs.) Migrated During

Last 1 Year

Not Migrated During Last 1

Year Total Classification


Among those females who temporarily migrated out of their village during the last one year, 82

percent migrated out of the state of Jharkhand, while another 14 migrated out of their village to

some other place but within their own district. The remaining 5 percent migrated out of their district

but remained within Jharkhand. Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-71.

Chart 43 : Temporary Migration – Females (>=12 yrs.)

Migrated During Last 1 Year

(1%)

Not Migrated During Last 1 Year

(99%)

AMCS


Table 55 : Location of Temporary Migration – Females (>=12 yrs.) Outside Village, Within District


Outside State Total

Classification


Among those females

who migrated out, 50

percent were engaged

as non-agriculture

labour, while another 36

percent were engaged

as agriculture worker.

Details are presented in

Annexure-72.

Table 56 : Type of Work During Temporary Migration – Females (>=12 yrs.) Proportion Classification

n % Non-Agriculture Labour 11 50.00Agriculture Labour 8 36.36Helper in Office 1 4.55Domestic Help 1 4.55Contractor 1 4.55

Total 179 100.00

Chart 44 : Location of Temporary Migration – Females

Outside Village, Within District

(14%)

Outside State (82%)


(5%)

AMCS


More than 59 percent females who migrated did so during rainy season, while another 36 percent

migrated during winter season. Only 5 percent females migrated out during summer season. Tribe-


Table 57 : Season of Temporary Migration – Females (>=12 yrs.) Summer Season

Rainy Season

Winter Season Total Classification


Chart 45 : Type of Work During Temporary Migration – Females (>=12 yrs.)

Agriculture Labour (36%) Non-Agriculture

Labour (50%)

Others (14%)

Chart 46 : Season of Temporary Migration – Females (>=12 yrs.)

Winter Season (36%)

Rainy Season (59%)

Summer Season (5%)

AMCS


Almost 41 percent females who

migrated out did so for a period

of upto 2 months, while another

27 percent females migrated out

a period upto 5 months during

the last one year. Details are


3.20 Estimated Total Annual Household Income Overall, almost half (47 percent)

households had total annual income upto

Rs. 36,000/- from all sources taken

together, while another 35 percent

households had total annual income

between Rs. 36,001/- to Rs. 60,000/- and

11 percent households between

Rs. 60,001/- to Rs. 96,000/-. Details are


Table 58 : Duration of Temporary Migration – Females (>=12 yrs.) Proportion Classification

n % Upto 2 Months 9 40.91Upto 3 Months 3 13.64Upto 4 Months 2 9.09Upto 5 Months 6 27.27Upto 6 Months 2 9.09

Total 22 100.00

Table 59 : Estimated Total Annual Household Income Proportion Classification

n % Upto Rs. 36,000/- p.a. 1417 47.23Rs. 36,001/- to Rs. 60,000/- p.a. 1046 34.87Rs. 60,001/- to Rs. 96,000/- p.a. 316 10.53Rs. 96,001/- to Rs. 1,44,000/- p.a. 133 4.43Above Rs. 1,44,000/- p.a. 88 2.93

Total 3000 100.00

Chart 48 : Estimated Total Annual Household Income

Rs. 60,001/- to Rs. 96,000/-

(11%) Upto Rs. 36,000/- (47%)

Rs. 36,001/- to Rs. 60,000/-

(35%)

Rs. 96,001/- to Rs. 1,44,000/-

(4%) Above Rs. 1,44,000/-

(3%)

Chart 47 : Duration of Temporary Migration – Females (>=12 yrs.)

Upto 2 Months (41%)

Upto 3 Months (13%)

Upto 4 Months (9%)

Upto 5 Month (27%) Upto 6 Months (9%)

AMCS


4 Basic Amenities in Households

4.1 Type of Building of Dwellings A dwelling is considered to be pucca if all the three — the floor, the walls and the roof of the dwelling

was made up of cement and bricks. If any of these three was not made of cement and bricks, it was

considered to be semi-pucca. If all the three were not made of cement and bricks, the dwelling was

considered to be kutcha.

Overall, 82 percent dwellings were kutcha, while another 15 percent dwellings were semi-pucca.

There were only 3 percent dwellings which were pucca. District-wise the proportion of kutcha

dwellings was the highest in Gumla (98 percent), followed by Dumka (93 percent) and East

Singhbhum (90 percent).

Table 60 : Type of Building of Dwellings Pucca

Dwelling Semi-Pucca

Dwelling Kutcha

Dwelling Total Classification


In the intervention locations, 85 percent dwellings were kutcha, while in the control locations,

79 percent dwellings were kutcha. The situation was similar among the Primitive Tribal Groups and

AMCS


the Other Tribal Groups. Similarly, tribe-wise the proportion of kutcha dwellings was the highest

among Asur (100 percent), followed by Kharia (97 percent) and Kharwar & Mahli (93 percent). Tribe-


0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

OTGs

PTGs

Control Areas

Intervention Areas

Overall

Pucca (3%)

Kutcha (83%)

Semi-Pucca (14%)

Chart 49 : Type of Building of Dwellings

Pucca (2%)

Kutcha (80%)

Semi-Pucca (18%)

Pucca (3%)

Kutcha (80%)

Semi-Pucca (17%)

Pucca (2%)

Kutcha (85%)

Semi-Pucca (13%)

Pucca (3%)

Kutcha (82%)

Semi-Pucca (15%)

AMCS


4.2 Total Number of Rooms in Dwellings Overall, around 47 percent houses were 2 room

dwellings, while another 22 percent houses were

single room dwellings. There were 15 percent

houses which were 3 room dwellings.

The situation was similar across the districts.

Also, the situation was similar in the intervention

locations and the control locations.

Among the Primitive Tribal Groups, the proportion of single room dwellings was much higher

(42 percent) in comparison to the Other Tribal Groups (14 percent). Details are presented in

Annexure-77.

4.3 Total Number of Sleeping Rooms in Dwellings Overall around 53 percent houses were

such where 1 room was used for sleeping

purpose by the household members,

while another 39 percent houses were

there where 2 rooms were used for

sleeping purpose. The situation was

similar across the districts. Also, the

situation was similar in the intervention

locations and the control locations.

Among the Primitive Tribal Groups the proportion of houses where single room was used for

sleeping was much higher (71 percent) in comparison to the Other Tribal Groups where the similar

proportion was lower at 46 percent. Details are presented in Annexure-78.

Table 61 : Total Number of Rooms in Dwellings Proportion Classification

n % 1 Room Dwellings 646 21.532 Rooms Dwellings 1408 46.933 Rooms Dwellings 442 14.734 Rooms Dwellings 353 11.77>4 Rooms Dwellings 151 5.03

Total 3000 100.00

Table 62 : Total Number of Sleeping Rooms in Dwellings Proportion Classification

n % 1 Sleeping Room Dwellings 1584 52.802 Sleeping Rooms Dwellings 1181 39.373 Sleeping Rooms Dwellings 170 5.674 Sleeping Rooms Dwellings 53 1.77>4 Sleeping Rooms Dwellings 12 0.40

Total 3000 100.00

AMCS


4.4 Ownership of Dwellings Overall, 95 percent households lived in individually owned dwellings, while another 4 percent

households lived in jointly owned dwellings. There were around 1 percent households that lived in

individually rented dwellings. The situation was similar across all categories. Tribe-wise details are


Table 63 : Ownership of Dwellings

Individually Owned by

Hhld.

Jointly Owned by

Hhld.

Individually Taken on Rent by

Hhld.



Chart 50 : Ownership of Dwellings

Individually Owned (95%)

Jointly Owned (4%)

Individually Taken on

Rent (1%)

AMCS


4.5 Availability of Electricity Connection in Dwellings Overall, 56 percent dwellings had electricity connection, while the remaining 44 percent dwellings

did not have electricity connection. District-wise, the proportion of dwellings having electricity

connection was the highest in Lohardaga (87 percent), followed by Ranchi (72 percent) and West

Singhbhum (71 percent). The proportion of dwellings not having electricity connection was the

highest in Dumka (87 percent), followed by Khunti (72 percent) and Jamtara (65 percent). The

situation was similar in the intervention locations and the control locations.

Among the Primitive Tribal Groups, the proportion of dwellings having electricity connection was

lower (44 percent) in comparison to the Other Tribal Groups (60 percent).

Table 64 : Availability of Electricity Connection in Dwellings Electricity

Connection Available

Electricity Connection

Not Available Total

Classification


AMCS


Tribe-wise, the proportion of dwellings having electricity connection was the highest among Gond

(90 percent), followed by Lohra (78 percent) and Oraon (72 percent). The proportion of dwellings not

having electricity connection was the highest among Asur (100 percent), followed by Baiga

(86 percent) and Savar & Birhor (75 percent). Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-80.

4.6 Availability of Toilet Facility in Dwellings Overall, only around 4 percent dwellings had toilet facility, while the remaining 96 percent dwellings

did not have toilet facility. The situation was similar across all categories. Details are presented in

Annexure-81.

Chart 51 : Availability of Electricity Connection in Dwellings

Electricity Available (56%)

No Electricity (44%)









0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

OTGs

PTGs

Control Areas

Intervention Areas

Overall

Chart 52 : Availability of Toilet Facility in Dwellings

Toilet Available

(4%)

No Toilet Available

(96%)

AMCS


Overall, in 87 percent dwellings that had toilet facility, the toilet was functional, while in the remaining

13 percent such dwellings, the toilet was not functional. Tribe-wise details are presented in

Annexure-82.

Table 65 : Functionality of Toilet Facility

Functional Toilet

Non-Functional

Toilet

Toilet Facility

Available Classification


The dwellings where the toilet was not function, in 57 percent cases the toilet was under

construction, while in another 36 percent cases, the toilet seat had sunk down. In the remaining 7

percent cases, the boundary wall was broken. Details are presented in Annexure-83.

Chart 53 : Functionality of Toilets

Non-Functional

Toilets (13%)

Functional Toilets (87%)

AMCS


Overall, the dwellings where there was a functional toilet, in 93 percent cases all household

members always used it, while in remaining 7 percent cases, all household members did not use it.


Overall, the households where all members did not use the toilet, in 57 percent cases it was

reported that the members preferred to go out in the open, while in remaining 43 percent cases, it

was reported that there was no arrangement of water, hence they were compelled to go out for

defecation. Details are presented in Annexure-85.

4.7 Availability of Ration Card with Households Overall, 76 percent households had ration card, while remaining 24 percent households did not have

ration card. District-wise, the proportion of household having ration card was the highest in Saraikela

(90 percent), followed by Jamtara (85 percent) and Gumla (84 percent). The proportion of household

not having ration card was the highest in Simdega (36 percent), followed by Lohardaga & Godda

(32 percent) each. The situation was similar across all categories. Tribe-wise details are presented

in Annexure-86.

Table 66 : Availability of Ration Card with Households

Hhld. Having Ration Card

Hhld. Not Having

Ration Card Total

Classification


AMCS


Overall, among the household that had ration card, 60 percent households had a BPL ration card,

while another 32 percent households had Antyodaya ration card and around 2 percent households

had Annapurna ration card. There were 6 percent households that had APL ration card.

0

20

40

60

80

100



Chart 54 : Availability of Ration Card with Households

Hhld. Not

Having Ration Card (24%)

Hhld. Having Ration Card (76%)

Hhld. Not



Hhld. Not



Hhld. Not



Hhld. Not



0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

OTGs

PTGs

Control Areas

Intervention Areas

Overall

Chart 55 : Types of Ration Card Available with Households

Antyodaya Card (23%)

BPL Card (69%)

APL Card (7%)

Annapurna Card (1%)


BPL Card (34%)

APL Card (5%)

Annapurna Card (2%)


BPL Card (62%)

APL Card (5%)

Annapurna Card (1%)


BPL Card (60%)

APL Card (6%)

Annapurna Card (2%)


BPL Card (58%)

APL Card (7%)

Annapurna Card (2%)

AMCS


Among the Primitive Tribal Groups, the proportion of households having Antyodaya ration card was

much higher (60 percent) in comparison to Other Tribal Groups (23 percent). Details are presented

in Annexure-87.

4.8 Availability of Smart Card with Households Overall, 87 percent households did not have Smart Card, while another 12 percent households had

Smart Card but its validity had expired. There were only 1 percent households that had a valid

Smart Card. The situation was similar across all categories. Details are presented in Annexure-88.

Table 67 : Availability of Smart Card with Households Proportion Classification

n % Have Valid Smart Card 30 1.00Expired Smart Card 365 12.17No Smart Card 2605 86.83

Total 3000 100.00

0 20 40 60 80 100

OTGs

PTGs

Control Areas

Intervention Areas

Overall

Chart 56 : Availability of Smart Card with Households

Expired Smart Card (12%)

No Smart Card (87%)

Have Valid Smart Card (1%)


No Smart Card (86%)



No Smart Card (87%)



No Smart Card (85%)



No Smart Card (87%)


AMCS


4.9 Type of Fuel Used by Households for Cooking Overall, wood was used by almost all (99 percent) households as fuel for cooking food, while

kerosene oil was used by 60 percent households. The situation was similar across all categories.


Table 68 : Type of Fuel Used by Households for Cooking Proportion Classification

n % Wood 2969 98.97 Kerosene Oil 1796 59.87 Cow Dung Cake 422 14.07 Dry Leaves 283 9.43 LPG 35 1.17 Coal 12 0.40

Total 3000 100.00

(multiple responses recorded)

Overall, the households were wood was used as fuel for cooking, in almost two-third cases

(64 percent), the members of the household had to travel an average distance of more than 500

meters (one way) to fetch wood, while in another 12 percent cases, they had to travel an average

distance of 251-500 meters. In 15 percent cases, they had to travel 100-250 meter, while in

remaining 9 percent cases, they had to travel less than 100 meters.

District-wise, the proportion of households where the members had to travel more than 500 meters

was the highest in Jamtara (84 percent), followed by Lohardaga (81 percent) and Latehar

(80 percent). The proportion of households where the members had to travel more than 500 meters

was the lowest in Dumka (33 percent), followed by East Singhbhum (35 percent) and Saraikela

(49 percent). Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-90.

Chart 57 : Types of Fuel Used by Households for Cooking

(14%)

(99%)

(60%)

(9%)

(1%)

(1%)

0 20 40 60 80 100

Wood

Kerosene Oil

Cow Dung Cake

Dry Leaves

LPG

Coal

AMCS


Table 69 : Distance Covered to Collect Fuel Wood (One Way) Proportion Classification

n % Within 100 Meters 255 8.59 100-250 Meters 454 15.29 251-500 Meters 348 11.72 More Than 500 Meters 1912 64.40

Total Hhld. Using Wood 2969 100.00

Overall, the households were wood was used as fuel for cooking, in 39 percent cases the members

had to go on an average twice a week to fetch wood, while in another 32 percent cases, they had to

go once a week. Details are presented in Annexure-91.

Table 70 : Number of Times in a Month Go to Collect Fuel Wood Proportion Classification

n % Daily 40 1.35 Every Alternate Day 523 17.62 Twice a Week 1168 39.34 Once a Week 959 32.30 Once a Fortnight 241 8.12 Once a Month 38 1.28

Total 2969 100.00

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

OTGs

PTGs

Control Areas

Intervention Areas

Overall

Chart 58 : Distance Covered to Collect Fuel Wood (One Way)

251-500 Mtrs. (8%)

More Than 500 Mtrs.

(69%)

Within 100 Mtrs. (8%) 100-250 Mtrs. (15%)

More Than 500 Mtrs.

(51%)

Within 100 Mtrs. (12%) 100-250 Mtrs. (16%)

251-500 Mtrs. (21%)

More Than 500 Mtrs.

(66%)

Within 100 Mtrs (7%) 100-250 Mtrs (15%)

251-500 Mtrs (12%)

More Than 500 Mtrs.

(63%)

Within 100 Mtrs. (10%)

100-250 Mtrs. (15%) 251-500 Mtrs. (12%)

More Than 500 Mtrs.

(64%)

Within 100 Mtrs. (9%)

100-250 Mtrs. (15%) 251-500 Mtrs. (12%)

AMCS


4.10 Main Source of Drinking Water of Households (A) Types of Main Source of Drinking Water Overall, the main source of drinking water for 59 percent households was community tubewell/

handpump in all the three seasons, while for another 22 percent households, community well was

the main source. Underground spring water (chua) was the main source for 9 percent households.

Table 71 : Main Source of Drinking Water of Households Summer Season Rainy Season Winter Season Classification

n % n % n % Community Tubewell/Handpump 1757 58.57 1766 58.87 1768 58.93Community Well 660 22.00 649 21.63 648 21.60Underground Spring Water (Chua) 283 9.43 279 9.30 278 9.27Own Well 138 4.60 147 4.90 147 4.90River/Canal 64 2.13 61 2.03 61 2.03Spring 44 1.47 0 0.00 44 1.47Public Tap 40 1.33 40 1.33 40 1.33Own Tubewell/Handpump 14 0.47 14 0.47 14 0.47

Total 3000 100.00 3000 100.00 3000 100.00

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Community Tubewell/Handpump

Community Well

Underground Spring Water (Chua)

Own Well

River/Canal

Spring

Public Tap

Own Tubewell/Handpump

Chart 59 : Main Source of Drinking Water of Households (Summer Season)

9%

22%

2%

1%

5%

59%

1%

1%

AMCS


The main source of water remains the same for almost all the households in all the three seasons.

Details are presented in Annexure-92 to Annexure-94. (B) Distance of Source from the House (One Way) Overall, in all the three seasons, in 33 percent cases, the average distance to the main source of

water (one way) was within 100 meters, while in another 27 percent cases, the average distance

was 100-250 meters. In around 19 percent to 20 percent cases, the average distance was more

than 500 meters. Details are presented in Annexure-95 to Annexure-97.

Table 72 : Distance of Source from the House (One Way) Summer Season Rainy Season Winter Season Classification

n % n % n % Inside the House/Compound 83 2.77 87 2.90 87 2.90Within 100 Meters 988 32.93 1003 33.43 1000 33.33100-250 Meters 805 26.83 806 26.87 809 26.97251-500 Meters 535 17.83 535 17.83 536 17.87More Than 500 Meters 589 19.63 569 18.97 568 18.93

Total 3000 100.00 3000 100.00 3000 100.00

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

More than 500 Meters

251-500 Meters

100-250 Meters

Within 100 Meters

InsideHouse/Compound

Chart 60 : Distance of Source from the House (One Way)

18%

3%

32%

20%

27%

AMCS


(C) Average Waiting Time at the Source (in minutes) Overall, 65 percent households said that there was no waiting time at the source during rainy

season, while 61 percent households said that there was no waiting time during winter season which

further reduced to around 54 percent households that said that there was no waiting time at the

source during summer season.

Table 73 : Average Waiting Time at the Source (in minutes) Summer Season Rainy Season Winter Season Classification

n % n % n % No Waiting Time 1613 53.77 1939 64.63 1816 60.53Waiting Time <5 Minutes 356 11.87 424 14.13 449 14.97Waiting Time Between 5-15 Mts. 699 23.30 528 17.60 623 20.77Waiting Time Between 16-30 Mts. 331 11.03 109 3.63 112 3.73Waiting Time Between 31-45 Mts. 1 0.03 0 0.00 0 0.00

Total 3000 100.00 3000 100.00 3000 100.00

Among the Primitive Tribal Groups, the proportion of households who said that there was no waiting

time at the source during summer season was much lower (34 percent) in comparison to Other

Tribal Groups household (60 percent).

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

No Waiting Time

Waiting Time <5Minutes

Waiting Time Between5-15 Mts.



Chart 61 : Average Waiting Time at the Source (in minutes)

23%

12%

54%

1%

11%

AMCS


Similarly, during rainy season, among the Primitive Tribal Groups, the proportion of households who

said that there was no waiting time at the source was much lower (49 percent) in comparison to

Other Tribal Groups household (70 percent).

Also, during winter season, among the Primitive Tribal Groups, the proportion of households who

said that there was no waiting time at the source was much lower (44 percent) in comparison to

Other Tribal Groups household (66 percent). Details are presented in Annexure-98 to Annexure-

100.

AMCS


5 Food Security of Households

5.1 Households that Faced Food Scarcity The households were asked whether there was any period in last 1 year during which due to

scarcity, some members of the household could not be provided 2 meals per day.

Overall, less than 1 percent households (22 households out of total 3000 households covered) faced

any food scarcity during the last one year. Remaining 99 percent households did not face any food

scarcity during the last one year. The districts where the households faced food scarcity belonged to

Ranchi, Gumla, East Singhbhum, Lohardaga, Simdega and Godda. Food scarcity was mostly

suffered by the households during the rainy season. The cases of food scarcity were higher in

intervention areas (17 cases) in comparison to the control areas (5 cases).

Table 74 : Households that Faced Food Scarcity Could Not Provide

1 Meal in a Day Could Not Provide 2 Meals in a Day Description

Summer Season

Rainy Season

Winter Season

Summer Season

Rainy Season

Winter Season

Only Women 5 17 0 0 2 0 All Adults (Women & Men) 0 20 0 0 19 0 Whole Family (Including Children) 0 0 0 6 0 0

The tribal groups which reported food scarcity included Munda (5 cases), Savar (5 cases), Oraon

(3 cases), Pahariya (3 cases), Mahli (2 cases), Saurya Pahariya (1 case), Lohara (1 case), Kharia

(1 case) and Asur (1 case). Details are presented in Annexure-101.

There were 6 occasions, when the whole family including children had to go without 2 meals in a

day. All these occasions were in the summer season.

Similarly, there were 19 occasions when all adults (women & men) had to go without 2 meals in a

day, while there were 20 occasions when all adults (women & men) had to go without 1 meal in a

day. In booth the cases, when all adults had to go without meal (1 meal or 2 meals in a day), it was

during rainy season.

There were 2 occasions when only women of the household had to go without 2 meals in a day, and

this also happened during rainy season. There were 17 occasions when women of the household

had to go without 1 meal in a day during rainy season and 2 occasions when women of the

household had to go without 1 meal in a day during summer season.

AMCS


6 Livestock Owned by Households

6.1 Types of Livestock Owned by Households In the rural areas, one of the most

important assets of the people is the

livestock that the household owns. Overall,

84 percent households owned one or the

other livestock. Remaining 16 percent

households did not possess any livestock.


Overall poultry was owned by 60 percent

households, while bull was owned by 55

percent households. Goat/Sheep was

owned by 49 percent households.

Cow was owned by 25 percent households, calf by 11 percent households and pig was owned by 9

percent households. Details are presented in Annexure-103.

Table 75 : Types of Livestock Owned by Households Proportion Classification

n % Poultry 1800 60.00Bull 1656 55.20Goat/Sheep 1483 49.43Cow 747 24.90Calf 321 10.70Pig 276 9.20She Buffalo 61 2.03He Buffalo 48 1.60Horse/Donkey 12 0.40Fish Pond 5 0.17

Total 3000 100.00

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Poultry

Bull

Goat/Sheep

Cow

Calf

Pig

She Buffalo

He Buffalo

Horse/Donkey

Fish Pond

Chart 62 : Types of Livestock Owned by Households

11%

25%

60%

9%

55%

49%

2%

2%

1%

1%

AMCS


6.2 Number of Various Types of Livestock Owned by Households As stated above, there were different types of livestock that were owned by the households. Overall,

there were 9513 poultry, 5077 goats/sheep, 3786 bulls, 1417 cows, 510 calves and 485 pigs among

others. Details are presented in Annexure-104.

Table 76 : Types of Livestock Owned by Households

Classification n

Poultry 9513Goat/Sheep 5077Bull 3786Cow 1417Calf 510Pig 485She Buffalo 131He Buffalo 113Horse/Donkey 60Fish Pond 15

AMCS


7 Land Tenure & Agriculture by Households

7.1 Forest Land Occupied by Households Overall, almost 83 percent households did

not occupy any forest land. Only 17

percent households occupied forest land.

Among the Primitive Tribal Groups, the

proportion of households not occupying

any forest land was lower (70 percent) in

comparison to Other Tribal Groups

households (87 percent). Details are


Overall, more than 4 percent households occupied upto 0.5 acres of forest land, while another 6.3

percent households occupied upto 1 acre of forest land. There were another 4 percent households

that occupied upto 2 acres of forest land.

Table 77 : Forest Land Occupied by Households Proportion Classification

n % No Forest Land 2484 82.80Upto 0.5 Acres 134 4.47Upto 1 Acre 189 6.30Upto 2 Acres 131 4.37Upto 3 Acres 30 1.00>3 Acres 32 1.07

Total 3000 100.00

Chart 63 : Forest Land Occupied by Households

Upto 1 Acre (6%)

No Forest Land Occupied

(83%) Upto 0.5 Acres (5%)

Upto 2 Acres (4%)

Upto 3 Acres (1%) >3 Acres (1%)

AMCS


7.2 Availability of Forest Land Rights Overall, almost 72 percent households had forest land rights with them, while remaining 28 percent

households did not have forest land rights.

Table 78 : Availability of Forest Land Rights Forest Land

Rights Available

No Forest Land

Rights Total

Classification n % n % N % Gumla 18 66.67 9 33.33 27 100.00 Khunti 27 72.97 10 27.03 37 100.00 Latehar 0 0.00 2 100.00 2 100.00 Lohardaga 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 Ranchi 6 54.55 5 45.45 11 100.00 Simdega 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 Dumka 19 86.36 3 13.64 22 100.00 Godda 7 100.00 0 0.00 7 100.00 Jamtara 4 44.44 5 55.56 9 100.00 Pakur 13 81.25 3 18.75 16 100.00 Sahibganj 7 77.78 2 22.22 9 100.00 E.Singhbhum 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 Saraikela 3 60.00 2 40.00 5 100.00 W.Singhbhum 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 Overall 104 71.72 41 28.28 145 100.00 Location of Tribes Intervention Locations 61 70.93 25 29.07 86 100.00 Control Locations 43 72.88 16 27.12 59 100.00 Tribal Groups Primitive Tribal Groups 41 82.00 9 18.00 50 100.00 Other Tribal Groups 63 66.32 32 33.68 95 100.00

Among the Primitive Tribal Groups, the proportion of households having forest land rights was

higher (82 percent) in comparison to Other Tribal Groups households (66 percent). Tribe-wise


0

20

40

60

80

100



Chart 64 : Availability of Forest Land Rights

No Forest Land

Rights (28%)

Forest Land

Rights Available

(72%) No

Forest Land

Rights (34%)

Forest Land

Rights Available

(71%)

Forest Land

Rights Available

(73%)

No Forest Land

Rights (29%)

No Forest Land

Rights (27%)

Forest Land

Rights Available

(82%)

Forest Land

Rights Available

(66%)

No Forest Land

Rights (18%)

AMCS


7.3 Non-Agriculture Land Owned by Households Overall, 71 percent households did not own any non-agriculture land, while around 14 percent

households owned around 0.5 acres of non-agriculture land. There were 8 percent households that

owned upto 1 acre of non-agriculture land, while another 5 percent households owned upto 2 acres

of non-agriculture land.

In the intervention areas, 67 percent households did not own any non-agriculture land, while in the

control areas 74 percent households did not own any non-agricultural land. Among the Primitive

Tribal Groups, the proportion of households owning any non-agriculture land was lower (55 percent)

in comparison to Other Tribal Groups households (76 percent). Details are presented in Annexure-

107.

Table 79 : Non-Agriculture Land Owned by Households Proportion Classification

n % No Non-Agriculture Land 2119 70.63Upto 0.5 Acres 421 14.03Upto 1 Acre 245 8.17Upto 2 Acres 147 4.90Upto 3 Acres 38 1.27>3 Acres 30 1.00

Total 3000 100.00

Chart 65 : Non-Agriculture Land Owned by Households

Upto 1 Acre (8%)

No Non-Agriculture Land

(71%)

Upto 0.5 Acres (14%)

Upto 2 Acres (5%) Upto 3 Acres (1%) >3 Acres (1%)

AMCS


7.4 Agriculture Land Owned by Households Overall, 34 percent households did not own any agriculture land, while another 34 percent

households owned around 1 acre of agriculture land. There were 19 percent households that owned

upto 2 acres of agriculture land, while another 7 percent households owned upto 3 acres of

agriculture land. Only 6 percent households owned more than 3 acres of agriculture land.

In the intervention areas, there were 27

percent households that did not own any

agriculture land, while 41 percent

households in the control areas did not

own any agriculture land. Among Primitive

Tribal Groups, the proportion of

households owning any agriculture land

was higher (57 percent) in comparison to

Other Tribal Groups households (26 percent). Details are presented in Annexure-108.

7.5 Land Area Taken on Lease/Share Cropping by Households Overall, 98 percent households did not take any land on lease/share cropping. Details are presented

in Annexure-109.

Table 81 : Land Area Taken on Lease/Share Cropping Proportion Classification

n % No Land Taken 2939 97.97Upto 0.5 Acres 17 0.57Upto 1 Acre 28 0.93Upto 2 Acres 11 0.37Upto 3 Acres 4 0.13>3 Acres 1 0.03

Total 3000 100.00

Table 80 : Agriculture Land Owned by Households Proportion Classification

n % No Non-Agriculture Land 1015 33.83Upto 1 Acre 1015 33.83Upto 2 Acres 571 19.03Upto 3 Acres 208 6.93>3 Acres 191 6.37

Total 3000 100.00

Chart 66 : Agriculture Land Owned by Households

Upto 1 Acre (34%)

No Agriculture Land (34%)

Upto 2 Acres (19%)

Upto 3 Acres (7%)

>3 Acres (6%)

AMCS


7.6 Land Area Given on Lease/Share Cropping by Households Overall, 99 percent households did not give any land on lease/share cropping. Details are presented

in Annexure-110.

Table 82 : Land Area Given on Lease/Share Cropping Proportion Classification

n % No Land Taken 2982 99.40Upto 0.5 Acres 3 0.10Upto 1 Acre 9 0.30Upto 2 Acres 4 0.13Upto 3 Acres 2 0.07

Total 3000 100.00

7.7 Households Practicing Agriculture In Jharkhand, there are three main cropping seasons — Kharif, Rabi and Garma (summer). Kharif

crops are sown in the beginning of monsoon season (July-August) and are harvested in the months

of November-December. Rabi crops are sown in the months of December-January and are

harvested in the months of March-April of the following year. Garma (summer) crops are sown in the

months of April-May and are harvested in the months of June-July.

Table 83 : Households Practicing Agriculture Hhlds.

Cultivating Kharif Crops

Hhlds. Cultivating Rabi Crops

Hhlds. Not Cultivating

At All Total Classification


AMCS


Overall, there were 76 percent households that cultivated Kharif crops, while only 12 percent

households cultivated Rabi crops. No household reported to cultivate Garma crop. There were

around 24 percent households that were not involved in agriculture at all.

In the intervention areas, the proportion of household’s not practicing agriculture was17 percent

while among the control group households it was much higher (30 percent). Among the Primitive

Tribal Groups, the proportion of household’s not practicing agriculture was much higher (43 percent)

in comparison to Other Tribal Groups (17 percent). Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-

111.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

OTGs

PTGs

Control Areas

Intervention Areas

Overall

Chart 67 : Household Practicing Agriculture

Hhlds. Cultivating Rabi Crops (12%)



Hhlds. Cultivating Rabi Crops (9%) Hhlds. Cultivating

Kharif Crops (56%)


Hhlds. Not Cultivating At All (17%) Hhlds.

Cultivating Kharif Crops

(83%)

Hhlds. Not Cultivating At All (43%)




Hhlds. Cultivating

Kharif Crops (70%)

Hhlds. Cultivating

Kharif Crops (82%)

Hhlds. Cultivating

Kharif Crops (76%)

AMCS


7.8 Gross Sown Area (A) Kharif The major Kharif crop of the households was paddy, followed by maize and madua. The gross sown

area of paddy was 3281.83 acres. It was sown by 2214 households and the average sown area of

paddy per household was 1.48 acres. Similarly, the next main Kharif crop – maize was sown in

gross area of 152.11 acres by total 186 households in an average land area of 0.82 acres per

household. Other Kharif crops included tomatoes and green vegetables. Details are presented in

Annexure-112.

Table 84 : Gross Sown Area – Kharif Crops Proportion

Classification Gross Sown Area

No. of Hhlds. Sowing

Avg. Sown Area

(acres) Paddy 3281.83 2214 1.48 Maize 152.11 186 0.82 Madua 12.45 24 0.52 Tomatoes 0.70 2 0.35 Green Vegetables 34.74 30 1.16

(B) Rabi The major Rabi crops of the households were bajra, potatoes, khesari, gram and arhar. The gross

sown area of bajra was 44.80 acres. It was sown by 44 households and the average sown area of

bajra per household was 1.02 acres. Similarly, the next main Rabi crop – potatoes was sown in

gross area of 43.85 acres by total 114 households in an average land area of 0.38 acres per

household. Details are presented in Annexure-113.

Table 85 : Gross Sown Area – Rabi Crops Proportion

Classification Gross Sown Area

No. of Hhlds. Sowing

Avg. Sown Area

(acres) Bajra 44.80 44 1.02 Potatoes 43.85 114 0.38 Khesari 42.24 49 0.86 Gram 32.33 46 0.70 Arhar 29.96 48 0.62 Urad 18.65 45 0.41 Wheat 17.41 32 0.54 Masoor 13.67 21 0.65 Tisi 10.28 24 0.43 Turmeric 6.55 9 0.73 Maize 5.95 9 0.66 Peas 5.54 13 0.43 Onions 5.20 10 0.52 Green Vegetables 3.91 10 0.39 Mustard 3.55 8 0.44 Groundnut 3.15 7 0.45 Tomatoes 2.10 8 0.26 Kulthi 1.24 4 0.31

AMCS


7.9 Cropping Pattern (A) Kharif Paddy was the most important crop, as 97

percent households cultivated paddy during

the Kharif season. Next important crop was

maize but it was cultivated by only 8 percent

households. There were few households that

cultivated some vegetables also during the

Kharif season. Details are presented in

Annexure-114.

(B) Rabi Potato was the most important crop as 30 percent households cultivated it during the Rabi season

followed by khesari and arhar (13 percent households each), gram, urad & bajra (12 percent

households each). Details are presented in Annexure-115.

Table 87 : Cropping Pattern – Rabi Crops Proportion Classification

n % Potatoes 114 30.48Khesari 49 13.10Arhar 48 12.83Gram 46 12.30Urad 45 12.03Bajra 44 11.76Wheat 32 8.56Masoor 21 5.61Tisi 24 6.42Peas 13 3.48Onions 10 2.67Green Vegetables 10 2.67Turmeric 9 2.41Maize 9 2.41Mustard 8 2.14Tomatoes 8 2.14Groundnut 7 1.87Kulthi 4 1.07

Total 374 100.00

Table 86 : Cropping Pattern – Kharif Crops Proportion Classification

n % Paddy 2214 96.94Maize 186 8.14Madua 24 1.05Tomatoes 2 0.09Green Vegetables 30 1.31

Total 2284 100.00

AMCS


7.10 Crop Yield (A) Kharif The average yield of paddy during the Kharif season

was reported to be 5.82 quintals/acre, while the

average yield of madua was 2.41 quintals/acre.

Similarly, the average yield of maize was 2.35

quintals/acre. There are different green vegetables

that are sown, the average yield of which was 1.89

quintals/acre. Details are presented in Annexure-116.

(B) Rabi The average yield of tomatoes was reported to be 8.02 quintals/acre, while the average yield of

wheat was 4.69 quintals/acre. Similarly, the average yield of potatoes was 3.91 quintals/acre.


Table 89 : Crop Yield – Rabi Crops

Classification Crop Yield (quintals/acre)

Tomatoes 8.02Wheat 4.69Potatoes 3.91Kulthi 3.79Khesari 3.73Arhar 2.58Green Vegetables 2.46Peas 2.42Onions 1.88Masoor 1.86Bajra 1.71Gram 1.68Groundnut 1.68Turmeric 1.50Mustard 1.45Urad 1.15Maize 1.11Tisi 1.04

Table 88 : Crop Yield – Kharif Crops

Classification Crop Yield (quintals/acre)

Paddy 5.82Madua 2.41Maize 2.35Green Vegetables 1.89Tomatoes 1.43

AMCS


7.11 Sources of Irrigation Rainfall was the major source of irrigation for more than 98

percent households practicing agriculture. Well was reported

by 6 percent households while pond was reported to be a

source for 3 percent households practicing agriculture.


Table 90 : Sources of Irrigation Proportion Classification

n % Rainfall 2249 98.12Well 138 6.02Pond 69 3.01River 43 1.88Canal 16 0.70Underground Deep Boring 13 0.57Stream 11 0.48Tubewell 2 0.09

Total 2292 100.00


AMCS


8 Family Business of Households

8.1 Households Having Any Family Business Overall, only around 9 percent households had any family business, while 91 percent households

did not have any family business. District-wise, the proportion of households having family business

was the highest in East Singhbhum (42 Percent) followed by Pakur & Sahibganj (16 percent) each.


Table 91 : Households Having Any Family Business Hhlds. Having Family

Business

Hhlds. Not Having Family

Business



8.2 Types of Family Business Owned by Households The various types of business activities being undertaken by the households included cutting wood

from the forests & selling them, handicraft work (making bamboo items, brooms, other household

items), ration shops, making and selling handia, etc.

AMCS


9 Assets Owned by Households

9.1 Types of Assets Owned by Households The various assets owned by the households are presented below. Details are presented in

Annexure-120.

Table 92 : Types of Assets Owned by Households Proportion Classification

n % Single Pick Axe 2645 88.17

Weeding Hook 2478 82.60 Bed 2310 77.00 Bicycle 1838 61.27 Plough 1629 54.30 Pick Axe 1555 51.83 Hoe 1156 38.53 Hand Hoe 1041 34.70 Telephone/Mobile Phone 1031 34.37 Animal Drawn Patella Harrow 971 32.37 Electric Fan 219 7.30 Television 172 5.73 Jewellery 166 5.53 Scooter/Motorcycle 129 4.30 Almirah/Cabinet 73 2.43 Water Pump Set 61 2.03 Bullock Cart 51 1.70 Electric/Gas Cooker 50 1.67 Electric Iron 49 1.63 Spray Pump 42 1.40 Thresher 27 0.90 Sewing Machine 22 0.73 Radio/Transistor 17 0.57 Fridge 14 0.47 Light & Sound System 9 0.30 Winnowers 8 0.27 VCD/VCR Player 8 0.27 Fish Pond 7 0.23 Jeep/Truck 5 0.17 Tractor 3 0.10 Washing Machine 3 0.10 Chaff Cutter 1 0.03

Total 3000 100.00

AMCS


10 Ownership of Trees & Use of NTFPs

10.1 Trees Owned by Households Overall there were 63 percent households that owned one or the other tree, while remaining 37

percent households did not own any tree. Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-121.

Table 93 : Households Owning Trees Households Owning Any

Tree

Households Not Owning

Any Tree Total

Classification


There were total 62 varieties of trees that were owned by the households. Names and number of

these trees owned by the households are presented in Annexure-122 and Annexure-123. There

were fruits/vegetables bearing trees that included — Mango, Jackfruit, Beer, Phutkal, Jamun,

Shahtoot, Lemon, Guavas, Banana, Sharifa, Amra, Kanaud, Litchi, Papaya, Pomegranate, Kadam,

Cashew, Drumstick, Bel, Coconut, Taad, Khajur, Oranges, Doomar, Sarjam.

The trees owned by the households that provided NTFP included — Tamarind, Neem, Mahua,

Karanj, Kusum, Bargad, Kendu, Palash, Semar, Bamboo, Bhelwa, Aasan, Seedha, Chaar, Peepal,

Bakain, Dadu, Arjun, Chhatna, Mukul, Babool, Karam, Shirish, Doka, Semul, Jalebi, Kusaip, Chilbil,

AMCS


Palaeer, Koenaar, Chotra, Chanara. The trees owned by the households that were used for making

furniture included — Saghwan, Saal, Gamhar, Kasmaar, Shesham.

10.2 Collection of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) by Households (A) Summer Season Overall, 22 percent households reported that they collected different NTFPs from the nearby forests,

during summer season while, remaining 78 percent households did not collect any NTFP from the

nearby forests during summer season. Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-124.

Table 94 : Households Collecting NTFPs – Summer Season

Households Collecting

NTFPs

Households Not

Collecting NTFPs



Chart 68 : Households Collecting NTFPs – Summer Season

Hhlds. Not Collecting

NTFPs (78%)

Hhlds. Collecting

NTFPs (22%)

AMCS


(B) Rainy Season Overall, only 2 percent households reported that they collected different NTFPs from the nearby

forests, during rainy season while, remaining 98 percent households did not collect any NTFP from

the nearby forests during rainy season. Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-125.

Table 95 : Households Collecting NTFPs – Rainy Season


NTFPs

Households Not

Collecting NTFPs



Chart 69 : Households Collecting NTFPs – Rainy Season


NTFPs (98%)

Hhlds. Collecting

NTFPs (2%)

AMCS


(C) Winter Season Overall, only 5 percent households reported that they collected different NTFPs from the nearby

forests, during winter season while, remaining 95 percent households did not collect any NTFP from

the nearby forests during winter season. Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-126.

Table 96 : Households Collecting NTFPs – Winter Season


NTFPs

Households Not

Collecting NTFPs



Chart 70 : Households Collecting NTFPs – Winter Season


NTFPs (95%)

Hhlds. Collecting

NTFPs (5%)

AMCS


11 Outstanding Loan on Households

11.1 Households Having Outstanding Loan Overall, there were around 10 percent households that were currently having some loan amount

outstanding against them. In remaining 90 percent households, there was no loan amount

outstanding against the household. The situation was similar in all the categories. Tribe-wise details


Table 97 : Loan Status of Households Hhlds.

Currently Having

Outstanding Loan

Hhlds. Currently Not

Having Outstanding

Loan



AMCS


11.2 Source of Loan Overall, out of the 292 households that currently had

some loan amount outstanding against them, one-

third (34 percent) had taken loan from Self Help

Group (SHG)/Mahila Mandal, while another 28

percent had taken loan from friends/relatives. Only 16

percent such households had taken loan from a

commercial bank and 6 percent from a rural bank.

There were 16 percent households that had taken

loan from money lender. Details are presented in Annexure-128.

While the loan from SHG/Mandal attracted interest on loan amount at 2-3 percent per month, the

interest on loan taken from money lender was 5-8 percent per month. The money taken from

friends/relatives did not entail any interest amount.

11.3 Reasons for Taking Loan Overall, out of the 292

households that currently had

some loan amount outstanding

against them, 42 percent had

taken loan for medical purpose,

while another 23 percent had

taken loan for agriculture. Some

other reasons for which loan was

taken were — house construction/

repair (10 percent), business

activity (7 percent), marriage

(5 percent), among others. Details


Table 98 : Source of Loan Proportion Classification n %

SHG/Mahila Mandal 99 33.90Friends/Relatives 83 28.42Commercial Bank 48 16.44Money Lender 46 15.75Rural Bank 17 5.82

Total 292 100.00

Table 99 : Reasons for Taking Loan Proportion Classification

n % Medical Purpose 124 42.47Agriculture 68 23.29House Construction/Repair 29 9.93Establishing/Expanding Business Activity 21 7.19Marriage 16 5.48Education 13 4.45Purchasing Food 11 3.77Purchasing Livestock 7 2.40Funeral/Religious Function 5 1.71

Total 292 100.00

Chart 71 : Source of Loan

Friends/Relatives (28%)

Commercial Bank (16%)

Money Lender (16%)

SHG/Mahila Mandal (34%)

Rural Bank (6%)

AMCS


12 Benefits of Government Schemes

12.1 Households Getting Benefits of Government Schemes (A) Public Distribution System All the households that owned a ration card were getting ration from the fair price shops set up by

the government under the public distribution system.

(B) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) (i) Males (18-60 yrs. of age) Overall, only 8 percent males in the age group 18-60 yrs. got any job under MGNREGS during the

last one year. Remaining 92 percent males, did not get any job during the last one year. District-

wise, the proportion of males who got any job under MGNREGS was the highest in Jamtara

(42 percent), followed by Pakur (23 percent) and Saraikela (13 percent). The situation was similar

among all other categories. Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-130.

Table 100 : MGNREGS – Males (18-60 yrs.) Got Any

Job Did Not Get

Any Job Total Classification n % n % N %


AMCS


(ii) Females (18-60 yrs. of age) Overall, only 5 percent females in the age group 18-60 yrs. got any job under MGNREGS during the

last one year. Remaining 95 percent females, did not get any job during the last one year.

District-wise, the proportion of females who got any job under MGNREGS was the highest in

Jamtara (18 percent), followed by Pakur (16 percent) and Saraikela (10 percent). The situation was

similar among all other categories. Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-131.

Table 101 : MGNREGS – Females (18-60 yrs.) Got Any

Job Did Not Get

Any Job Total Classification n % n % N %


AMCS


(C) Mid Day Meal in Schools (i) Boys (class 1 to 8) Overall, only 77 percent boys (class 1 to 8) were getting mid day meal, while remaining 23 percent

boys were not getting mid day meal in schools. The proportion of boys belonging to the Primitive

Tribal Groups getting mid day meal was higher (85 percent) in comparison to the boys belonging to

the Other Tribal Groups (74 percent). Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-132.

Table 102 : Mid Day Meal in Schools – Boys (class 1 to 8)

Getting MDM in School

Not Getting MDM in School



0

20

40

60

80

100



Getting MDM (77%)

Chart 72 : Mid Day Meal in Schools – Boys (class 1 to 8)

No MDM (23%)

Getting MDM (79%)

No MDM (21%)

Getting MDM (75%)

No MDM (25%)

Getting MDM (85%)

No MDM (15%)

Getting MDM (74%)

No MDM (26%)

AMCS


(ii) Girls (class 1 to 8) Overall, only 78 percent girls (class 1 to 8) were getting mid day meal, while remaining 22 percent

girls were not getting mid day meal in schools. The proportion of girls belonging to the Primitive

Tribal Groups getting mid day meal was higher (84 percent) in comparison to the girls belonging to

the Other Tribal Groups (75 percent).Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-133.

Table 103 : Mid Day Meal in Schools – Girls (class 1 to 8)

Getting MDM in School

Not Getting MDM in School



0

20

40

60

80

100



Getting MDM (78%)

Chart 73 : Mid Day Meal in Schools – Girls (class 1 to 8)

No MDM (22%)

Getting MDM (79%)

No MDM (21%)

Getting MDM (76%)

No MDM (24%)

Getting MDM (84%)

No MDM (16%)

Getting MDM (75%)

No MDM (25%)

AMCS


(D) Pregnant/Lactating Women Getting Supplementary Nutrition from Anganwadi Centers Overall, only 65 percent pregnant/lactating women were getting supplementary nutrition from

anganwadi center, while remaining 35 percent such women were not getting supplementary

nutrition. The situation was similar among all other categories. Tribe-wise details are presented in

Annexure-134.

Table 104 : Supplementary Nutrition to Pregnant/Lactating Women Getting

Supplementary Nutrition

Not Getting Supplementary

Nutrition Total Classification


0

20

40

60

80

100



Getting SNP

(65%)

Chart 74 : Supplementary Nutrition (SNP) to Pregnant/Lactating Women

No SNP

(35%)

Getting SNP

(65%)

No SNP

(35%)

Getting SNP

(64%)

No SNP

(36%)

Getting SNP

(66%)

No SNP

(34%)

Getting SNP

(64%) No

SNP (36%)

AMCS


(E) Adolescent Girls Getting Supplementary Nutrition from Anganwadi Centers Overall, less than 1 percent adolescent girls were getting supplementary nutrition from anganwadi

center, while remaining 99 percent such girls were not getting supplementary nutrition. The situation

was similar among all other categories.

In fact, Gumla was the only district where it was reported that the adolescent girls were getting

supplementary nutrition from anganwadi center. Here also, only 6 percent girls reported that that

they were getting supplementary nutrition from the anganwadi center. Remaining 94 percent in

district Gumla were also not getting any supplementary nutrition. Tribe-wise details are presented in

Annexure-135.

Table 105 : Supplementary Nutrition to Adolescent Girls Getting





Getting SNP (1%)

Chart 75 : Supplementary Nutrition (SNP) to Adolescent Girls

Not Getting

SNP (99%)

AMCS


(F) Supplementary Nutrition in Anganwadi Centers (i) Boys (3-6 yrs. of age) Overall, 51 percent boys (3-6 yrs. of age) were getting supplementary nutrition from anganwadi

center, while remaining 49 percent such boys were not getting supplementary nutrition. The situation

was similar among all other categories. Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-136.

Table 106 : Supplementary Nutrition to Boys (3-6 yrs. of age) Getting





0

20

40

60

80

100



Getting SNP

(51%)

Chart 76 : Supplementary Nutrition to Boys (3-6 yrs. of age)

No SNP

(49%)

Getting SNP

(48%)

No SNP

(52%)

Getting SNP

(54%) No

SNP (46%)

Getting SNP

(50%)

No SNP

(50%)

Getting SNP

(51%)

No SNP

(49%)

AMCS


(ii) Girls (3-6 yrs. of age) Overall, 49 percent girls (3-6 yrs. of age) were getting supplementary nutrition from anganwadi

center, while remaining 51 percent such girls were not getting supplementary nutrition. The situation

was similar among all other categories. Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-137.

Table 107 : Supplementary Nutrition to Girls (3-6 yrs. of age) Getting





0

20

40

60

80

100



Getting SNP

(49%)

Chart 77 : Supplementary Nutrition to Girls (3-6 yrs. of age)

No SNP

(51%)

Getting SNP

(49%)

No SNP

(51%)

Getting SNP

(49%)

No SNP

(51%) Getting

SNP (47%)

No SNP

(53%) Getting

SNP (49%)

No SNP

(51%)

AMCS


(G) Old Age Pension (i) Males (>=60 yrs. of age) Overall, only 7 percent males (>=60 yrs. of age) were getting old age pension, while remaining 93

percent such males were not getting old age pension. District-wise, the proportion of males getting

old age pension was the highest in Khunti (19 percent), followed by Lohardaga (17 percent) and

Latehar (9 percent). The situation was similar among all other categories. Tribe-wise details are


Table 108 : Old Age Pension - Males (>=60 yrs.) Getting Old Age Pension

Not Getting Old Age Pension



Getting Old Age Pension

(7%)

Chart 78 : Old Age Pension - Males (>=60 yrs.)


(93%)

AMCS


(ii) Females (>=60 yrs. of age) Overall, only 9 percent females (>=60 yrs. of age) were getting old age pension, while remaining 81

percent such females were not getting old age pension. District-wise, the proportion of females

getting old age pension was the highest in Lohardaga (24 percent), followed by East Singhbhum

(17 percent) and Latehar & Simdega (11 percent) each. The situation was similar among all other

categories. Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-139.

Table 109 : Old Age Pension - Females (>=60 yrs.) Getting Old Age Pension




Getting Old Age Pension

(9%)

Chart 79 : Old Age Pension - Females (>=60 yrs.)


(91%)

AMCS


(H) Widow Pension Overall, only 21 percent widows were getting widow pension, while remaining 79 percent widows

were not getting widow pension. District-wise, the proportion of widows getting old widow pension

was the highest in Latehar (71 percent), followed by Pakur (41 percent) and Jamtara (32 percent).

The situation was similar among all other categories. Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-

140.

Table 110 : Widow Pension Getting Widow

Pension

Not Getting Widow

Pension Total Classification


Getting Widow

Pension (21%)

Chart 80 : Widow Pension

Not Getting Widow

Pension (79%)

AMCS


(I) Disability Pension (i) Males Overall, only 17 percent disabled males were getting disability pension, while remaining 83 percent

were not getting disability pension. In the intervention areas, the proportion of males getting

disability pension was higher (92 percent) in comparison to the control areas. None of the disabled

males among the Primitive Tribal Groups were getting disability pension, while almost 81 percent

disabled males among the Other Tribal Groups were getting disability pension. Tribe-wise details


Table 111 : Disability Pension - Males Getting

Disability Pension

Not Getting Disability Pension



Getting Disability Pension

(17%)

Chart 81 : Disability Pension - Males

Not Getting

Disability Pension

(83%)

AMCS


(ii) Females Overall, only 24 percent disabled females were getting disability pension, while remaining 76

percent were not getting disability pension. Among the Primitive Tribal Groups, 92 percent disabled

females were not getting disability pension, while among the Other Tribal Groups, the proportion of

disabled females not getting disability pension was 70 percent. Tribe-wise details are presented in

Annexure-142.

Table 112 : Disability Pension - Females


Not Getting

Disability Pension



Chart 82 : Disability Pension - Females


(24%)

Not Getting

Disability Pension

(76%)

AMCS


J) Janani Suraksha Yojana Overall, only 7 percent currently pregnant/lactating women were benefited under Janani Suraksha

Yojana, while remaining 93 percent were not benefited under the Yojana. District-wise, the

proportion of women who benefited under Janani Suraksha Yojana was the highest in Saraikela

(20 percent). The situation was similar among all other categories. Tribe-wise details are presented

in Annexure-143.

Table 113 : Janani Suraksha Yojana

Benefited under JSY

Not Benefited under JSY



Benefited under JSY

(7%)

Chart 83 : Janani Suraksha Yojana

Not Benefited under JSY

(93%)

AMCS


(K) Indira Awas Yojana Overall, only 12 percent BPL families were benefited under Indira Awas Yojana, while remaining 88

percent were not benefited under the Yojana. District-wise, the proportion of BPL households who

benefited under Indira Awas Yojana was the highest in East Singhbhum (29 percent), followed by

Saraikela (26 percent) and Jamtara (25 percent). The situation was similar among all other


Table 114 : Indira Awas Yojana

Benefited under IAY

Not Benefited under IAY



Benefited under IAY

(12%)

Chart 84 : Indira Awas Yojana (IAY)

Not Benefited under IAY

(88%)

AMCS


(L) Birsa Awas Yojana Overall, only 4 percent BPL families were benefited under Birsa Awas Yojana, while remaining 96

percent were not benefited under the Yojana. The situation was similar among all other categories.

District-wise, the proportion of BPL households who benefited under Birsa Awas Yojana was the

highest in Pakur (18 percent), followed by Sahibganj (15 percent) and East Singhbhum (12 percent).


Table 115 : Birsa Awas Yojana

Benefited under BAY

Not Benefited

under BAY Total Classification


Chart 85 : Birsa Awas Yojana (BAY)

Benefited under BAY

(4%)

Not Benefited

under BAY (96%)

AMCS


(M) Toilet Construction Overall, only 2 BPL families were benefited under Toilet Construction Scheme, while remaining were

not benefited under the Scheme. One such household was in district Simdega, while another

household was in district Jamtara. Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-146.

Table 116 : Toilet Construction under TSC

Benefited under TSC

Not Benefited under TSC



Chart 86 : Toilet Construction under TSC

Benefited under TSC

(1%)

Not Benefited under TSC

(99%)

AMCS


(N) Scholarship to Students (i) Boys (class 1 to 12) Overall, 28 percent boys (class 1 to 12) received scholarship for school education, while remaining

72 percent such boys did not receive scholarship. District-wise, the proportion of boys who received

scholarship was the highest in Latehar (62 percent), followed by Lohardaga (46 percent) and Khunti

(37 percent). Among the Primitive Tribal Groups, 21 percent boys were getting scholarship, while

among the Other Tribal Groups, the proportion of such boys was 30 percent. Tribe-wise details are


Table 117 : Scholarship to Students – Boys (class 1 to 12) Got

Scholarship Not Got

Scholarship Total Classification n % n % N %


Got Scholarship

(28%)

Chart 87 : Scholarship to Students – Boys (class 1 to 12)

Not Got Scholarship

(72%)

AMCS


(ii) Girls (class 1 to 12) Overall, 29 percent girls (class 1 to 12) received scholarship for school education, while remaining

71 percent such girls did not get scholarship. District-wise, the proportion of girls who received

scholarship was the highest in Latehar (59 percent), followed by Lohardaga (44 percent) and East

Singhbhum (36 percent). Among the Primitive Tribal Groups, 18 percent girls were getting

scholarship, while among the Other Tribal Groups, the proportion of such girls was 33 percent.


Table 118 : Scholarship to Students – Girls (class 1 to 12) Got

Scholarship Not Got

Scholarship Total Classification n % n % N %


Chart 88 : Scholarship to Students – Girls (class 1 to 12)

Got Scholarship

(29%)

Not Got Scholarship

(71%)

AMCS


(O) Free Text Books to Students (i) Boys (class 1 to 8) Overall, 67 percent boys (class 1 to 8) received free text books for school education, while

remaining 33 percent such boys did not receive text books. District-wise, the proportion of boys who

received free text books was the highest in Jamtara (87 percent), followed by Pakur (85 percent)

and Saraikela (79 percent). Among the Primitive Tribal Groups, 78 percent boys received free text

books, while among the Other Tribal Groups, the proportion of such boys was 64 percent. Tribe-


Table 119 : Free Text Books to Students – Boys (class 1 to 8) Got Free

Text Books

Not Got Free Text

Books Total Classification


Got Free Text

Books (67%)

Chart 89 : Free Text Books to Students – Boys (class 1 to 8)

Not Got Free Text

Books (33%)

AMCS


(ii) Girls (class 1 to 8) Overall, 69 percent girls (class 1 to 8) received free text books for school education, while remaining

31 percent such girls did not receive text books. District-wise, the proportion of girls who received

free text books was the highest in Jamtara (88 percent), followed by East Singhbhum (86 percent)

and Pakur (87 percent). Among the Primitive Tribal Groups, 78 percent girls received free text

books, while among the Other Tribal Groups, the proportion of such girls was 65 percent. Tribe-wise


Table 120 : Free Text Books to Students – Girls (class 1 to 8)

Got Free Text Books

Not Got Free Text

Books Total Classification


Chart 90 : Free Text Books to Students – Girls (class 1 to 8)

Got Free Text

Books (69%)

Not Got Free Text

Books (31%)

AMCS


(P) Free School Uniform to Students (i) Boys (class 1 to 8) Overall, 69 percent boys (class 1 to 8) received free school uniform, while remaining 31 percent

such boys did not receive free school uniform. District-wise, the proportion of boys who received free

school uniform was the highest in Jamtara (88 percent), followed by Pakur (87 percent) and Dumka

(86 percent). Among the Primitive Tribal Groups, 82 percent boys received free school uniform,

while among the Other Tribal Groups, the proportion of such boys was 65 percent. Tribe-wise details


Table 121 : Free School Uniform to Students – Boys (class 1 to 8)

Got Free School Uniform

Not Got Free

School Uniform



Chart 91 : Free School Uniform to Students – Boys (class 1 to 8)


(69%)

Not Got Free

School Uniform

(31%)

AMCS


(ii) Girls (class 1 to 8) Overall, 71 percent girls (class 1 to 8) received free school uniform, while remaining 31 percent such

boys did not receive free school uniform. District-wise, the proportion of girls who received free

school uniform was the highest in Jamtara (89 percent), followed by Pakur (86 percent) and East

Singhbhum (84 percent). Among the Primitive Tribal Groups, 80 percent girls received free school

uniform, while among the Other Tribal Groups, the proportion of such girls was 68 percent. Tribe-


Table 122 : Free School Uniform to Students – Girls (class 1 to 8)


Not Got Free

School Uniform



Chart 92 : Free School Uniform to Students – Girls (class 1 to 8)


(71%)

Not Got Free School Uniform

(29%)

AMCS


(Q) Free Bicycle to Girl Students Overall, only 9 percent girls (class 9 & 10) received free bicycle, while remaining 91 percent such

girls did not get free bicycle. District-wise, the proportion of girls who received free bicycle was the

highest in Saraikela (21 percent). Among the Primitive Tribal Groups, 3 percent girls received free

bicycle, while among the Other Tribal Groups, the proportion of such girls was 10 percent. Tribe-


Table 123 : Free Bicycle to Girl Students (class 9 & 10) Got Free Bicycle

Not Got Free Bicycle Total Classification


Chart 93 : Free Bicycle to Girl Students (class 9 & 10)

Not Got Free Bicycle (91%)

Got Free Bicycle

(9%)

AMCS


(R) Ladli Laxmi Yojana Overall, only 12 BPL households had benefited under Ladli Laxmi Yojana, while remaining such

households were not benefited under the Yojana. None among the Primitive Tribal Groups

household was benefited under the Ladli Laxmi Yojana. Tribe-wise details are presented in

Annexure-154.

Table 124 : Ladli Laxmi Yojana Benefited

under Ladli Laxmi Yojana

Not Benefited under Ladli

Laxmi Yojana Total Classification


Benefited under LLY

(1%)

Chart 94 : Ladli Laxmi Yojana (LLY)

Not Benefited under LLY

(99%)

AMCS


(S) Free Sari/Dhoti Yojana Overall, 50 percent households had benefited under Free Sari/Dhoti Yojana, while remaining 50

percent households were not benefited under the Yojana. District-wise, the proportion of households

that benefited under the Free Sari/Dhoti Yojana was the highest in East Singhbhum (83 percent),

followed by West Singhbhum (69 percent) and Saraikela (61 percent). The situation was similar

among all other categories. Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-155.

Table 125 : Free Sari/Dhoti Yojana

Benefited under Free Sari/Dhoti

Yojana

Not Benefited

under Free Sari/Dhoti

Yojana



Benefited under Free Sari/Dhoti

Yojana (50%)

Chart 95 : Free Sari/Dhoti Yojana

Not Benefited under Free Sari/Dhoti

Yojana (50%)

AMCS


(T) Jan Dhan Yojana Overall, only 1 percent households had benefited under Jan Dhan Yojana, while remaining 99

percent households were not benefited under the Yojana. The situation was similar among all other


Table 126 : Jan Dhan Yojana Benefited under Jan

Dhan Yojana

Not Benefited under Jan

Dhan Yojana



Benefited under JDY

(1%)

Chart 96 : Jan Dhan Yojana (JDY)

Not Benefited under JDY

(99%)

AMCS


13 Food Consumption by Households

13.1 Households Consuming Vegetables All the households were asked if they consumed vegetables during the last one month. Overall,

almost 98 percent households said that they consumed vegetables during the last one month, while

remaining 2 percent did not consume vegetables during the last one month. Tribe-wise details are


Table 127 : Consumption of Vegetables Hhlds.

Consumed Vegetables

Hhlds. Not Consumed Vegetables



Hhlds. Consumed Vegetables

(98%)

Chart 97 : Consumption of Vegetables

Hhlds. Not Consumed Vegetables

(2%)

AMCS


13.2 Households Consuming Pulses All the households were asked if they consumed pulses during the last one month. Overall, 63

percent households said that they consumed pulses during the last one month, while the remaining

37 percent did not consume pulses during the last one month. District-wise, the proportion of

households which did not consume pulses was the highest in Dumka (74 percent), followed by

Jamtara (55 percent) and Khunti (52 percent). Among the Primitive Tribal Groups, 49 percent

households did not consume pulses, while among the Other Tribal Groups, the proportion of such

households was 33 percent. Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-158.

Table 128 : Consumption of Pulses Hhlds.

Consumed Pulses

Hhlds. Not Consumed

Pulses Total Classification


Chart 98 : Consumption of Pulses

Hhlds. Consumed

Pulses (63%)

Hhlds. Not Consumed

Pulses (37%)

AMCS


13.3 Household Consuming Non-Vegetarian Food All the households were asked if they consumed non-vegetarian food (mutton, chicken, fish, eggs)

during the last one month. Overall, 88 percent households said that they consumed non-vegetarian

food during the last one month, while remaining 37 percent did not consume non-vegetarian food

during the last one month. The situation was similar among all other categories. Tribe-wise details


Table 129 : Consumption of Non-Vegetarian Food Hhlds.

Consumed Non-

Vegetarian Food

Hhlds. Not Consumed

Non-Vegetarian

Food



Hhlds. Consumed

Non-Veg. Food (88%)

Chart 99 : Consumption of Non-Vegetarian Food

Hhlds. Not Consumed

Non-Veg. Food (12%)

AMCS


13.4 Households Consuming Milk All the households were asked if they consumed milk during the last one month. Overall, only 4

percent households said that they consumed milk during the last one month, while remaining 96

percent did not consume milk during the last one month. The situation was similar among all other


Table 130 : Consumption of Milk Hhlds.

Consumed Milk

Hhlds. Not Consumed

Milk Total Classification


Hhlds. Consumed

Milk (4%)

Chart 100 : Consumption of Milk

Hhlds. Not Consumed

Milk (96%)

AMCS


14 Mother’s Health During Pregnancy

14.1 Currently Pregnant/Lactating Women Received IFA Overall, 83 percent currently pregnant/lactating women had received Iron Folic Acid (IFA) tablets

during their current/last pregnancy, while remaining 17 percent such women had not received any

IFA during their current/last pregnancy. District-wise, the proportion of women who received IFA was

the highest in Jamtara (98 percent), followed by Gumla & Lohardaga (93 percent) each. Tribe-wise


Table 131 : Currently Pregnant/Lactating Women Received IFA Received

IFA Not Received

IFA Total Classification n % n % N %


Received IFA

(83%)

Chart 101 : Currently Pregnant/Lactating Women Received IFA

Not Received

IFA (17%)

AMCS


14.2 Currently Pregnant/Lactating Women Consumed IFA Overall, among the currently pregnant/lactating women who received IFA tablets, 96 percent said

that they consumed it, while the remaining 4 percent such women did not consume it during their

current/last pregnancy. The situation was similar among all other categories. The situation was

similar among all other categories. Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-162.

Table 132 : Currently Pregnant/Lactating Women Consumed IFA

Consumed IFA

Not Consumed

IFA Total Classification


Chart 102 : Currently Pregnant/Lactating Women Consumed IFA

Consumed IFA

(96%)

Not Consumed

IFA (4%)

AMCS


14.3 Currently Pregnant/Lactating Women Received TT Injections Overall, 85 percent currently pregnant/lactating women had received TT injection during their

current/last pregnancy, while the remaining 15 percent such women had not received TT injection

during their current/last pregnancy. ). Among the Primitive Tribal Groups, 78 percent currently

pregnant/lactating women had received TT injection, while among the Other Tribal Groups, the

proportion of such women was 87 percent. Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-163.

Table 133 : Currently Pregnant/Lactating Women Received TT Injections

Received TT Injections

Not Received TT

Injections Total Classification


Received TT Injections

(85%)

Chart 103 : Currently Pregnant/Lactating Women Received TT Injections

Not Received TT Injections

(15%)

AMCS


14.4 Currently Pregnant/Lactating Women Received Deworming Tablets Overall, almost all currently pregnant/lactating women had received deworming tablets during their

current/last pregnancy. In fact, there were only 3 currently pregnant/lactating women who had not

received deworming tablets during their current/last pregnancy. Tribe-wise details are presented in

Annexure-164.

Table 134 : Currently Pregnant/Lactating Women Received Deworming Tablets

Received Deworming

Tablets

Not Received

Deworming Tablets



Received Deworming

Tablets (99%)

Chart 104 : Currently Pregnant/Lactating Women Received Deworming Tablets

Not Received

Deworming Tablets

(1%)

AMCS


15 Anthropometric Details of Children

Weight & Height of boys and girls has been classified as - below normal, normal and above normal on the basis of the Growth Chart of the World Health Organization (WHO). The range for the classification done is presented in Annexure-165 to Annexure-168.

15.1 Weight for Age - Boys (upto 5 yrs.) Overall, 60 percent boys (upto 5 yrs.) weighed below normal range, while around 1 percent boys

weighed above normal range. There were 39 percent boys who weighed in the normal range.

District-wise, the proportion of boys who weighed below normal range was the highest in Saraikela

(75 percent), followed by East Singhbhum (74 percent) and West Singhbhum (72 percent). The

situation was similar among all other categories. Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-169.

Table 135 : Weight for Age - Boys (upto 5 yrs.) Weight Below

Normal Weight Normal

Weight Above Normal

Total Classification n % n % n % N %

Gumla 66 48.18 70 51.09 1 0.73 137 100.00Khunti 61 51.69 53 44.92 4 3.39 118 100.00Latehar 60 57.69 43 41.35 1 0.96 104 100.00Lohardaga 75 59.52 50 39.68 1 0.79 126 100.00Ranchi 60 68.18 26 29.55 2 2.27 88 100.00Simdega 54 51.92 49 47.12 1 0.96 104 100.00Dumka 38 32.76 76 65.52 2 1.72 116 100.00Godda 80 62.50 47 36.72 1 0.78 128 100.00Jamtara 71 56.80 50 40.00 4 3.20 125 100.00Pakur 52 61.90 32 38.10 0 0.00 84 100.00Sahibganj 63 63.00 34 34.00 3 3.00 100 100.00E.Singhbhum 61 74.39 20 24.39 1 1.22 82 100.00Saraikela 129 74.57 42 24.28 2 1.16 173 100.00W.Singhbhum 132 71.74 51 27.72 1 0.54 184 100.00Overall 1002 60.04 643 38.53 24 1.44 1669 100.00Location of Tribes Intervention Locations 529 59.64 346 39.01 12 1.35 887 100.00Control Locations 473 60.49 297 37.98 12 1.53 782 100.00Tribal Groups Primitive Tribal Groups 228 61.62 139 37.57 3 0.81 370 100.00Other Tribal Groups 774 59.58 504 38.80 21 1.62 1299 100.00

Chart 105 : Weight for Age - Boys (upto 5 yrs.)

Weight Below Normal Range

(60%)

Weight Within Normal Range

(39%)

Weight Above Normal Range

(1%)

AMCS


15.2 Weight for Age - Girls (upto 5 yrs.) Overall, 51 percent girls (upto 5 yrs.) weighed below

normal range, while around 1 percent girls weighed

above normal range. There were 48 percent girls who

weighed in the normal range. District-wise, the

proportion of girls who weighed below normal range was

the highest in Saraikela (64 percent), followed by Ranchi

and West Singhbhum (63 percent) each. The situation

was similar among all other categories. Tribe-wise


Table 136 : Weight for Age - Girls (upto 5 yrs.) Weight Below

Normal Weight Normal

Weight Above Normal Total Classification


Chart 106 : Weight for Age - Girls (upto 5 yrs.)

Weight Below Normal Range

(51%)


(1%)

Weight Within Normal Range

(48%)

AMCS


15.3 Height for Age - Boys (upto 5 yrs.) Overall, in the case of 64 percent boys (upto 5 yrs.) the height

was found to be below the normal range, while in around 4

percent boys, the height was above the normal range. There

were 32 percent boys whose height was within the normal

range. District-wise, the proportion of boys whose height was

below the normal range was the highest in East Singhbhum

(76 percent), followed by Khunti (73 percent) and West

Singhbhum (71 percent). The situation was similar among all

other categories. Tribe-wise details are presented in

Annexure-171.

Table 137 : Height for Age - Boys (upto 5 yrs.) Height Below

Normal Height Normal

Height Above Normal

Total Classification n % n % n % N %

Gumla 89 64.96 39 28.47 9 6.57 137 100.00 Khunti 86 72.88 29 24.58 3 2.54 118 100.00 Latehar 63 60.58 39 37.50 2 1.92 104 100.00 Lohardaga 77 61.11 44 34.92 5 3.97 126 100.00 Ranchi 57 64.77 27 30.68 4 4.55 88 100.00 Simdega 61 58.65 39 37.50 4 3.85 104 100.00 Dumka 48 41.38 63 54.31 5 4.31 116 100.00 Godda 79 61.72 44 34.38 5 3.91 128 100.00 Jamtara 82 65.60 41 32.80 2 1.60 125 100.00 Pakur 50 59.52 33 39.29 1 1.19 84 100.00 Sahibganj 63 63.00 33 33.00 4 4.00 100 100.00 E.Singhbhum 62 75.61 19 23.17 1 1.22 82 100.00 Saraikela 119 68.79 45 26.01 9 5.20 173 100.00 W.Singhbhum 130 70.65 47 25.54 7 3.80 184 100.00 Overall 1066 63.87 542 32.47 61 3.65 1669 100.00 Location of Tribes Intervention Locations 577 65.05 275 31.00 35 3.95 887 100.00 Control Locations 489 62.53 267 34.14 26 3.32 782 100.00 Tribal Groups Primitive Tribal Groups 236 63.78 121 32.70 13 3.51 370 100.00 Other Tribal Groups 830 63.90 421 32.41 48 3.70 1299 100.00

Chart 107 : Height for Age - Boys (upto 5 yrs.)

Height Below Normal Range

(64%)


(4%)

Height Within Normal Range

(32%)

AMCS


15.4 Height for Age - Girls (upto 5 yrs.) Overall, in the case of 53 percent girls (upto 5 yrs.) the height

was found to be below the normal range, while in around 6

percent girls, the height was above the normal range. There

were 41 percent girls whose height was within the normal

range. District-wise, the proportion of girls whose height was

below the normal range was the highest in Khunti (71 percent),

followed by East Singhbhum (62 percent) and Saraikela

(61 percent). The situation was similar among all other


Table 138 : Height for Age - Girls (upto 5 yrs.) Height Below Normal

Height Normal

Height Above Normal



Chart 108 : Height for Age - Girls (upto 5 yrs.)

Height Below Normal Range

(53%)


(6%)

Height Within Normal Range

(41%)

AMCS


16 Association with Aajeevika Mission

16.1 Any Member of Household Associated with Aajeevika Mission Overall, in only around 11 percent households any member of the household was associated with

Aajeevika Mission, while in remaining 89 percent households, no member was associated with

Aajeevika Mission. District-wise, the proportion of households where any member of the household

was associated with Aajeevika Mission was the highest in Gumla (32 percent), followed by Godda

(25 percent) and Khunti (22 percent). Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-175.

Table 139 : Any Member of Household Associated with Aajeevika Mission Associated with

Aajeevika Mission

Not Associated with Aajeevika

Mission Total Classification


Chart 109 : Any Member of Household Associated with Aajeevika Mission

Associated with Aajeevika Mission

(11%)

Not Associated with Aajeevika Mission

(89%)

AMCS


16.2 Type of Income Generation Activity done by the Group Overall, among the households where any member of the household was associated with Aajeevika

Mission, in around 76 percent cases, no income generation activity was being undertaken and the

members were only making regular contributions to their group. In another 22 percent cases, it was

reported that the group was involved in inter-loaning activities. In around 2 cases, the group

members were involved in taking up collective wage labour work, while in remaining 1 percent

cases, the members were involved in collective farming. Tribe-wise details are presented in

Annexure-176.

Table 140 : Type of Income Generation Activity done by the Group

Only Savings

Inter-loaning

Collective Wage

Labour

Collective Agriculture Total Classification

n % n % n % n % N % Gumla 49 76.56 15 23.44 0 0.00 0 0.00 64 100.00Khunti 38 86.36 2 4.55 4 9.09 0 0.00 44 100.00Latehar 23 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 23 100.00Lohardaga 7 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 7 100.00Ranchi 5 83.33 0 0.00 1 16.67 0 0.00 6 100.00Simdega 1 50.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 50.00 2 100.00Dumka 25 75.76 8 24.24 0 0.00 0 0.00 33 100.00Godda 27 54.00 22 44.00 0 0.00 1 2.00 50 100.00Jamtara 7 87.50 1 12.50 0 0.00 0 0.00 8 100.00Pakur 20 58.82 14 41.18 0 0.00 0 0.00 34 100.00Sahibganj 23 74.19 8 25.81 0 0.00 0 0.00 31 100.00E.Singhbhum 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00Saraikela 2 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 100.00W.Singhbhum 11 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 11 100.00Overall 238 75.56 70 22.22 5 1.59 2 0.63 315 100.00Location of Tribes Intervention Locations 144 81.36 31 17.51 2 1.13 0 0.00 177 100.00Control Locations 94 68.12 39 28.26 3 2.17 2 1.45 138 100.00Tribal Groups Primitive Tribal Groups 73 65.77 38 34.23 0 0.00 0 0.00 111 100.00Other Tribal Groups 165 80.88 32 15.69 5 2.45 2 0.98 204 100.00

Chart 110 : Type of Income Generation Activity done by the Group

Collective Agriculture (1%)

Only Savings (75%)

Inter-loaning (22%)

Collective Wage Labour

(2%)

AMCS


16.3 Reasons for Discontinuation of Association with Aajeevika Mission Overall, among the households where any member of the household was associated with Aajeevika

Mission, only one percent members discontinued their membership with Aajeevika Mission, while 99

percent remained associated with it. Those who discontinued their association said that since all the

members of their group were not contributing regularly, they quit the group. Tribe-wise details are


Table 141 : Any Member Discontinued Association with Aajeevika Mission Member

Discontinued Association

with Aajeevika Mission

No Member Discontinued Association




Chart 111 : Any Member Discontinued Association with Aajeevika Mission

No Member Discontinued Association

with Aajeevika Mission (99%)

Member Discontinued Association


(1%)

AMCS


17 Climate Change Issues Related to Agriculture

17.1 Availability of Soil Health Card Overall, out of the total 3000 households, there were 2292 households that practiced agriculture. In

none of these households, Soil Health Card of the agricultural land of the household was made.

17.2 Training on Modern Agricultural Techniques No member of the households practicing agriculture had received any training on any modern

agricultural technique.

17.3 Assistance Received on Farming as Part of Extension Services Among the households that practiced agriculture, almost 95 percent households did not receive any

assistance on farming as part of the government’s agriculture extension services. Only a miniscule

proportion received some inputs like manure (4 percent), pesticides (2 percent) and guidance on

paddy cultivation (1 percent). Details are presented in Annexure-178.

Table 142 : Assistance Received on Farming as Part of Extension Services Proportion Classification

n % Received Seeds 97 4.23 Received Manure 85 3.71 Received Pesticides 42 1.83 Received Guidance on Paddy Cultivation 20 0.87 No Assistance Received 2171 94.72

Total 2292 100.00 (multiple responses recorded)

Chart 112 : Assistance Received on Farming as Part of Extension Services

(90%)

(2%)

(3%)

(4%)

(1%)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

No Assistance Received

Received Seeds

Received Manure

Received Pesticides

Received Guidance onPaddy Cultivation

AMCS


17.4 Impact of Assistance Received from Extension Services Among the households that received any input, 86 percent said that the input helped enhance the

production of their crop, while the remaining 14 percent said that despite the input, there was no

impact, due to poor rainfall and no irrigation facility. Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-

179.

Table 143 : Impact of Assistance Received from Extension Services

Enhanced Production

No Impact Due to Poor

Rainfall



Chart 113 : Impact of Assistance Received from Extension Services

Enhanced Production

(86%)

No Impact Due to Poor

Rainfall (14%)

AMCS


17.5 Supportive Infrastructure Created under Extension Services Among the households that practiced agriculture, only 29 percent households said that some

supportive infrastructure was available that protected their crops against extreme weather events.

Remaining 71 percent households that practiced agriculture said that there was no such supportive

infrastructure available. District-wise, where the households said that some supportive infrastructure

was created was the highest in Saraikela (76 percent), followed by East Singhbhum (59 percent)

and West Singhbhum (53 percent). Among the Primitive Tribal Groups, 12 percent households said

that some supportive infrastructure was created, while among the Other Tribal Groups, the

proportion of such households was 33 percent. Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-180.

Table 144 : Availability of Supportive Infrastructure

Supportive Infrastructure

Created

No Supportive

Infrastructure Created



Supportive Infrastructure

Created (29%)

Chart 114 : Availability of Supportive Infrastructure

No Supportive Infrastructure

Created (71%)

AMCS


Different supportive infrastructure available to the households practicing agriculture is presented

below. Ponds were reported by around 58 percent households, while well was reported by 32

percent households. Some other supportive infrastructure reported by the households include —

river (14 percent), check dam (9 percent), canal (5 percent), drain (2 percent) and stream

(2 percent). Details are presented in Annexure-181.

Table 145 : Supportive Infrastructure Available Proportion Classification

n % Pond 381 57.81Well 211 32.02River 92 13.96Check Dam 60 9.10Canal 34 5.16Drain 12 1.82Stream 10 1.52

Total 659 100.00(multiple responses recorded)

Chart 115 : Supportive Infrastructure Available

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Pond

Well

River

Check Dam

Canal

Drain

Stream

(58%)

(32%)

(14%)

(9%)

(5%)

(2%)

(2%)

AMCS


18 Village Profile

18.1 Traditional Village Institutions/Authorities Overall, out of the total 90 villages, Gram Sabha was reported as the major village

institution/authority in 62 percent villages, while the Village Priest was stated to be the major

institution/authority in 47 percent villages. Christian Missionaries was stated by 3 percent villages as

major institution/authority.

Table 146 : Major Traditional Village Institutions/Authorities

Gram Sabha

Village Priest

Christian Missionaries Total Classification

n % n % n % N % Gumla 6 100.00 1 16.67 0 0.00 6 100.00 Khunti 6 100.00 1 16.67 0 0.00 6 100.00 Latehar 0 0.00 6 100.00 0 0.00 6 100.00 Lohardaga 1 16.67 5 83.33 0 0.00 6 100.00 Ranchi 4 66.67 6 100.00 0 0.00 6 100.00 Simdega 1 16.67 4 66.67 3 50.00 6 100.00 Dumka 6 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 6 100.00 Godda 6 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 6 100.00 Jamtara 6 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 6 100.00 Pakur 6 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 6 100.00 Sahibganj 6 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 6 100.00 E.Singhbhum 4 66.67 4 66.67 0 0.00 6 100.00 Saraikela 2 22.22 7 77.78 0 0.00 9 100.00 W.Singhbhum 2 22.22 8 88.89 0 0.00 9 100.00 Overall 56 62.22 42 46.67 3 3.33 90 100.00 Location of Tribes Intervention Locations 36 60.00 32 53.33 1 1.67 60 100.00 Control Locations 20 66.67 10 33.33 2 6.67 30 100.00 Tribal Groups Primitive Tribal Group 22 91.67 3 12.50 0 0.00 24 100.00 Other Tribal Groups 34 51.52 39 59.09 3 4.55 66 100.00


Chart 116 : Major Traditional Village Institutions/Authorities

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Gram Sabha

Village Priest

ChristianMissionaries

(62%)

(47%)

(3%)

AMCS


In the villages where majority of Primitive Tribal Groups were covered, Gram Sabha was stated to

be the major institution/authority in 92 percent villages, while in the villages where majority of Other

Tribal Groups were covered, Gram Sabha was stated to be the major institution/authority in 52

percent villages. Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-182.

18.2 Decisions Taken by Traditional Institutions/Authorities The decisions taken by the Gram Sabha pertain to planning and implementation of various schemes

of the government. These decisions pertain to the community as a whole and the Gram Sabha does

not interfere in the decision making of individual households or a particular community in the village.

Similarly, the Village Priest has a revered position in the village and he presides over the religious

rituals that are performed in the village for the community, as well as, in individual households. At

the community level, the Village Priest is mandated to perform the rituals for the general well being

of the villagers and it includes — praying & performing rituals for good rainfall, appeasement of

Gods for better crop production, rituals for sanitization of the village, etc.

Also, they were instrumental in settling disputes among families and individuals and their decisions

were accepted and obeyed by all. However, the Village Priest does not take decisions on behalf of

individual households and his role was limited to performing religious rituals for the individual

households when invited on various occasions like birth, death, marriage, etc. in the family.

The role of the Christian Missionaries was to mobilize people to follow their religion and attend the

church regularly. They did not have significant role in the major economic decisions of the

households, neither at the community level nor at the individual level.

18.3 Participation of Women in Traditional Institutions/Authorities There was participation of women in all the institutions/authorities prevalent in the village — Gram

Sabha, Village Priest and Christian Missionaries. In case of Gram Sabha, the women contested

elections and were also elected members of the Gram Panchayat. However, the proportion of

women in Gram Sabha in 75 percent villages was only upto 25 percent, while in another 25 percent

villages, it was between 26 to 50 percent. Details are presented below.

Table 147 : Participation of Women in Traditional Institutions/Authorities

Gram Sabha Village Priest Christian Missionaries Classification

n % n % n % Upto 25 Percent 42 75.00 34 80.95 0 - 26 Percent to 50 Percent 14 25.00 8 19.05 3 100.00 51 Percent to 75 Percent 0 - 0 - 0 - 76 Percent to 100 Percent 0 - 0 - 0 -

Total 56 100.00 42 100.00 3 100.00 (multiple responses recorded)

AMCS


The position of the Village Priest was a hereditary position and was predominantly held by the male

member of the priest family. The wife of the Village Priest had secondary role in special occasions

only, like child birth, marriage, etc., which primarily pertains to women. The proportion of women’s

role in the activities of the Village Priest in 81 percent villages was only upto 25 percent, while in

another 19 percent villages, it was between 26-50 percent.

In the Christian Missionaries, there were women who were involved in taking forward the works of

the Missionaries in the community. The proportion of women in Christian Missionaries was between

26-50 percent.

18.4 Traditional Foods of the People Rice was the most important and universally consumed food item among the tribals. Maize was

another food items that was consumed by the households. Saag/leafy vegetables were the most

prominent vegetable consumed by the tribals. The primary reason for this was its ready availability

in the nearby forests, easy to grow in the backyard and low cost of production as well as its

availability at low price if purchased from the market.

18.5 Perception of Villagers on Nutritious Food The villagers were asked to state the major nutritious food items they consumed. Saag/leafy

vegetables consumed by the villagers were considered nutritious by people in 93 percent villages,

while vegetables were considered nutritious by people in 76 percent villages.

Table 148 : Perception of Villagers on Nutritious Food Proportion Classification

n % Saag/Leafy Vegetables 84 93.33Vegetables 68 75.56Pulses 26 28.89Mutton 21 23.33Fish 12 13.33

Total 90 100.00(multiple responses recorded)

Chart 117 : Perception of Villagers on Nutritious Food

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Saag/Leafy Vegetables

Vegetables

Pulses

Mutton

Fish

(93%)

(76%)

(29%)

(23%)

(13%)

AMCS


Some other food items consumed by the people and considered nutritious included — pulses

(29 percent), mutton (23 percent) and fish (13 percent). Details are presented in Annexure-183.

18.6 Indigenous Paddy Varieties Used Overall, there were large varieties of indigenous paddy used by the tribals. In fact, total 55

indigenous varieties of paddy were sown by the tribals. Names of these indigenous paddy varieties


18.7 Medicinal Plants Used in the Villages Overall, there were large varieties of medicinal plants used by the tribals. In fact, total 55 medical

plants were mentioned by them. Names of these medicinal plants are presented in Annexure-185.

18.8 Awareness about Soil Conservation Practices Overall, out of the total 90 villages, in only 2 percent villages, people were aware about soil

conservation practices, while in remaining 98 percent villages, people were not aware about soil

conservation practices. The two villages where people were aware about soil conservation practices

belonged to Simdega. Both these villages were intervention villages and majority of the household

covered belonged to the Other Tribal Groups. Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-186.

Table 149 : Awareness about Soil Conservation Practices Aware about

Soil Conservation

Practices

Not Aware about Soil

Conservation Practices



AMCS


18.9 Construction of Infrastructure for Irrigation & Soil Conservation Overall, out of the total 90 villages, in only 21 percent villages some infrastructure for irrigation & soil

conservation was constructed, while in remaining 79 percent villages, no infrastructure for irrigation

& soil conservation was constructed. Tribe-wise details are presented in Annexure-187.

Table 150 : Construction of Infrastructure for Irrigation & Soil Conservation

Made Infrastructure for Irrigation &

Soil Conservation

No Infrastructure for Irrigation &

Soil Conservation

Made



Made Infrastructure for Irrigation &

Soil Conservation

(21%)

Chart 118 : Construction of Infrastructure for Irrigation & Soil Conservation

No Infrastructure for Irrigation & Soil Conservation

Made (79%)

AMCS


The villages where some infrastructure for irrigation & soil conservation was constructed, the various

structures constructed included — wells (58 percent), ponds (37 percent), canal (26 percent), dam

(26 percent) and drain (5 percent). Details are presented in Annexure-188.

Table 151 : Villages Where Infrastructure for Irrigation & Soil Conservation Constructed

Proportion Classification n %

Wells 11 57.89 Ponds 7 36.84 Canal 5 26.32 Dam 5 26.32 Drain 1 5.26

Total 19 100.00 (multiple responses recorded)

18.8 Awareness about Prime Minister Irrigation Program In all the 90 villages, nobody had heard about the Prime Minister Irrigation Program.

Documents

AMCS Baseline Survey Report of Jharkhand Tribal Empowerment & Livelihoods Project (JTELP) 1 1 Introduction 1.1 Background of the Scheduled Tribes & Jharkhand (A) The Scheduled Tri