AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING REPORT - … · Monthly Air Quality Activity Report for Stellenbosch ... Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning (DEADP) on behalf

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING REPORT

FOR THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF THE WESTERN CAPE

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS AND

DEVELOPMENT PLANNING

CONFIDENTIAL

MONTHLY REPORT – APRIL 2012

STELLENBOSCH

Prepared for:

PROJECT NO 2011WCP_0279

REPORT NO RN_120190_WCP

SUBMISSION DATE 15 May 2012

AUTHORS K. Hauptfleisch and N. Snow

COPYRIGHT © SOLAR BLUE MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS (Pty) Ltd. NO PUBLICATION OR DISSEMINATION OF ITS CONTENTS IS ALLOWED WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION. BY SIGNING THIS REPORT GONDWANA ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTIONS (PTY) LTD DO NOT MAKE ANY WARRANTY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED CONCERNING THE CONTENT THEREOF.

Solar Blue (Pty) Ltd 562 Ontdekkers Road, Florida P.O Box 158 Florida Hills, 1716 Tel: +27 11 472 3112 Fax: +27 11 674 3705 E-mail: [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Monthly Air Quality Activity Report for Stellenbosch – April 2012 2 CONFIDENTIAL

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Solar Blue Management Solutions (Pty) Ltd (Solar Blue) was appointed by the

Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning (DEADP) on behalf

of the Provincial Government of the Western Cape (PGWC) to manage, maintain

and calibrate nine (9) ambient air quality monitoring stations located within the

Western Cape Province. In April 2012 the network will be expanded to eleven (11)

stations.

The results for ambient concentrations of dioxide of nitrogen (NOX), ozone (O3),

carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), fine particulate

matter (PM10 and PM2.5) and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and p-Xylene (BTEX)

as measured at the Stellenbosch monitoring station for the period 01 – 30 April 2012

are presented.

Data recovery at Stellenbosch was 100% for all working parameters. No data was

recovered for PM10, PM2.5 and O3 as the analysers were faulty. Currently there is no

accessible data for BTEX as there are problems being experienced with the upload

to Ecostat. However, this is being investigated.

The data recovered from the monitoring stations is of considerable value to assist in

assessing ambient ground level concentrations of, NOX, O3, CO, CO2, SO2, PM10

and PM2.5 and BTEX combined with relevant meteorological parameters. Air

pollution levels can be determined and compared with local guidelines, thus

identifying possible pollution sources and determining long-term trends in air quality.

Further analysis of data with regard to possible sources of pollution will be

undertaken when more data is available and once a better understanding of the local

area and industries is available.


DISCLAIMER

It is certified that the data presented is, to the best of our knowledge, a true copy of

the specified record and for the times and places indicated thereon, as held on file at

Solar Blue Management Solutions (Pty) Ltd. The user assumes the entire risk related

to the use of this data. In no event will Solar Blue Management Solutions (Pty) Ltd be

liable to the user or to any third party for any direct, indirect, incidental,

consequential, special or exemplary damages or profit resulting from any use or

misuse of this data.


TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY....................................................................................................... 2

1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 6

2. SITE LOCATION ........................................................................................................... 6

3. INSTRUMENTATION .................................................................................................... 8

3.1. Pulsed Fluorescent SO2 Analyser .................................................................... 8

3.2. Chemiluminescent NOX Analyser .................................................................... 8

3.3. Ultra-Violet (UV) Absorption O3 Analyser ......................................................... 9

3.4. CO Analyser .................................................................................................... 9

3.5. CO2 Analyser ................................................................................................... 9

3.6. PM10 and PM2.5 Monitor ................................................................................... 9

3.7. GC955 Analyser (BTEX).................................................................................. 9

4. DATA ACQUISITION .................................................................................................. 10

5. DATA QUALITY .......................................................................................................... 10

5.1. Monitoring Operations ................................................................................... 10

5.2. Calibration Audits .......................................................................................... 10

5.3. Data Recovery and Quality Assurance .......................................................... 11

6. NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS .................................................. 13

7. AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS ................................................... 15

7.1. Number of Exceedences ............................................................................... 15

7.2. Particulate Matter Concentrations (PM10)....................................................... 16

7.3. Particulate Matter Concentrations (PM2.5) ...................................................... 16

7.4. Sulphur Dioxide Concentrations (SO2) ........................................................... 16

7.5. Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations (NO2) ......................................................... 18

7.6. Carbon Monoxide Concentrations (CO) ......................................................... 19

7.7. Carbon Dioxide Concentrations (CO2) ........................................................... 20

7.8. Ozone Concentrations (O3)............................................................................ 21

7.9. Benzene, Toulene, Ethylbenzene and p-Xylene (BTEX) ................................ 21

8. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................ 21

8.1. Air Quality ...................................................................................................... 22

REFERENCES .................................................................................................................... 23

DISTRIBUTION LIST .......................................................................................................... 24


LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Locations of the nine air quality monitoring stations of the Provincial

Government of the Western Cape air quality monitoring network ....... 7

Figure 2: Location of the Stellenbosch Air Quality Monitoring Station ................ 7

Figure 3: Stellenbosch ambient air quality monitoring station shelter ................ 8

Figure 4: Hourly average SO2 concentrations at Stellenbosch during April 2012

......................................................................................................... 17

Figure 5: Daily average SO2 concentrations at Stellenbosch during April 2012 17

Figure 6: Diurnal signature of the SO2 concentrations at Stellenbosch during

April 2012 ......................................................................................... 18

Figure 7: Hourly average NO2 concentrations at Stellenbosch during April 2012

......................................................................................................... 18

Figure 8: Diurnal signature of the NO2 concentrations at Stellenbosch during

April 2012 ......................................................................................... 19

Figure 9: Hourly CO concentrations at Stellenbosch during April 2012............ 19

Figure 10: Diurnal signature (5 min data) of the CO concentrations (ppb) at

Stellenbosch during April 2012 ......................................................... 20

Figure 11: Hourly CO2 concentrations at Stellenbosch during April 2012 .......... 20

Figure 12: Diurnal signature (5 min data) of the CO2 concentrations (ppb) at

Stellenbosch during April 2012 ......................................................... 21

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Data recovery for April 2012 .................................................................. 13

Table 2: South African National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Criteria

Pollutants (2009) ................................................................................... 14

Table 3: Proposed South African National Ambient Air Quality Standards for PM2.5

(Government Gazette, 2011) ................................................................. 14

Table 4: WHO PM2.5 Standard Values (WHO, 2006) ........................................... 15

Table 5: Number of exceedences of the South African National Ambient Air

Quality Standards for Criteria Pollutants (2009) for all stations for April

2012 ...................................................................................................... 16


1. INTRODUCTION

Solar Blue Management Solutions (Pty) Ltd was appointed by the Department of

Environmental Affairs and Development Planning on behalf of the Provincial

Government of the Western Cape to manage, maintain and calibrate nine (9)

ambient air quality monitoring stations located within the Western Cape Province. In

April 2012 the network will be expanded to eleven (11) stations.

This report describes the on-going operational work conducted at Stellenbosch

monitoring station and provides an overview of the air quality and meteorological

data from 01 – 30April 2012. The aim of the study is to assess ambient ground level

concentrations of SO2, NOX, O3, CO, CO2, PM10 and BTEX. These results can then be

tested for compliance against the National air quality guidelines and standards.

2. SITE LOCATION

The PGWC ambient air quality monitoring network (Figure 1) consists of nine (9)

monitoring stations located within the Western Cape Province in Worcester,

Malmesbury, Stellenbosch, Vissershok, St Helena Bay, Oudtshoorn, Stellenbosch,

Khayelitsha and Dana Bay.

The Stellenbosch ambient air quality monitoring station is located at a Stellenbosch

Environmental Health Offices in Bird Street Stellenbosch. Stellenbosch is situated to

the east of Cape Town within the Western Cape Province (Figure 2).

Figure 3 shows the Stellenbosch ambient air quality monitoring station shelter with

the meteorological mast alongside. The monitoring station was commissioned on the

04 May 2011. The site co-ordinates of the monitoring station are 33° 55’ 39.06”S, 18°

51’ 26.08”E

.


Figure 1: Locations of the nine air quality monitoring stations of the Provincial

Government of the Western Cape air quality monitoring network

Figure 2: Location of the Stellenbosch Air Quality Monitoring Station


Figure 3: Stellenbosch ambient air quality monitoring station shelter

3. INSTRUMENTATION

All the gas monitors used on the DEADP network are manufactured by Teledyne™

and measure real-time gas concentration. All the measurement principles used in

these particular models of continuous sampling monitors are designated by the US-

EPA as equivalent methods for determining gas in ambient air when operated in the

ranges 0 – 500 parts per billion (ppb) or 0 – 50 parts per million (ppm).

3.1. Pulsed Fluorescent SO2 Analyser

SO2 is measured using a Teledyne™ Model 100E analyser. This analyser operates

within the 0 – 500 ppb range. The air sample is drawn through a sample chamber

where it is irradiated with pulses of ultra-violet light. Any SO2 in the sample is excited

to a higher energy level and on returning to its original state, fluorescence is

released. The amount of fluorescence measured is directly proportional to the SO2

concentration.

3.2. Chemiluminescent NOX Analyser

NOX is measured using a Teledyne™ Model 200E analyser. This analyser operates

within the 0 – 500 ppb range. The air sample is split into two pathways; one to

measure NO, and the other to measure total NOX. To obtain NO2 the sample gas is


passed through a molly converter to convert the NO2 to NO and the measurement of

NO2 is calculated by the difference in NO and total NOx.

3.3. Ultra-Violet (UV) Absorption O3 Analyser

Ozone (O3) is measured using a Teledyne™ Model 400E analyser. This analyser

operates within the 0 – 500 ppb range. The air sample is exposed to UV light, which

is absorbed by the O3 in the air sample and the amount of UV light absorbed is

directly proportional to the amount of O3 in the air sample.

3.4. CO Analyser

CO is measured using a Teledyne™ Model 300E analyser. This analyser operates

within the 0 – 50 ppm range. CO is measured continuously by non-dispersive infrared

photometry. This process is based upon the absorption of infrared light by CO.

3.5. CO2 Analyser

CO2 is measured using a Teledyne™ Model 360E analyser. CO2 is measured

continuously by non-dispersive infrared photometry. This process is based upon the

absorption of infrared light by CO2.

3.6. PM10 and PM2.5 Monitor

Ambient particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5) is measured using a Tapered Element

Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM) ambient particulate monitor 1400a series. The

TEOM sensor unit contains the mass measurement hardware that consciously

monitors the accumulated mass on the system’s exchangeable filter cartridge. By

maintaining a flow of 3l/pm through the instrument and measuring the total mass

accumulated on the filter cartridge, the TEOM can calculate the mass concentration

of the sample stream in real time

3.7. GC955 Analyser (BTEX)

Benzene, Toulene, Ethylbenzene and p-Xylene (BTEX) is measured using a Syntech

Spectras GC955 analyser. These analysers operate in the 0 – 100 ppb range. The

sample is pumped into the gas chromatograph via a sample loop and pre-

concentration column. This gas is then introduced into the gas chromatograph where

it is separated into compounds and measured by the Photoionization detector (PID).


4. DATA ACQUISITION

Data at all monitoring stations is logged directly by means of a dedicated computer.

Permanent data records of all calculated one-minute averages are stored on the

computer, thereafter, the data is sent, via modem, to central database (ECOSTAT).

All the data is then archived, ready for editing and verification.

5. DATA QUALITY

5.1. Monitoring Operations

The monitoring station is visited twice a month for routine equipment service,

maintenance and calibration.

The monitoring station consists of an insulated enclosure to protect the

instrumentation from general weather conditions, including; dust and moisture. The

monitoring station is equipped to monitor SO2, NOX, O3, CO, CO2, SO2, PM10, PM2.5

and BTEX. The station is fitted with an air conditioner, set to control the internal

temperature between 20°C and 30°C, ensuring the instrumentation operates within

the South African National Accreditation Standards (SANAS TR07-02) requirements.

5.2. Calibration Audits

Routine on-site zero and span checks (twice a month) and full dynamic calibrations

(quarterly) are conducted on the analysers using approved calibration methods and

traceable high-grade calibration gases to enhance the monitoring standard and data

quality.

The calibration accuracy can be described as the degree of agreement between an

observed value and an accepted reference value. It is a measure of the correctness

of the result and generally dependent on how systematic errors are controlled or

compensated for. These errors occur from non-pure standards, dilution and

calculations. To overcome these errors, high-grade calibration gasses are used and

the accuracy of the analysers is determined by carrying out monthly zero and span

checks and quarterly full dynamic calibrations.

The analyser zero and span checks ensure the analyser accuracy and proper

functioning, as the analysers are corrected to the audit concentrations when the span


exceed 5% of the audit concentration, or the zero exceeds 5 ppb during these

checks.

During a calibration audit, an initial calibration check is carried out to establish the

analyser calibration status, after which further zero and span checks are conducted

to enable the analyser response to be corrected to the required audit concentration.

Following this, three intermediate checks are conducted to check the analyser

linearity. The analysers were calibrated at 80% of their upper range limit, which

equates to 400 ppb for most of these calibration audits in compliance with the US-

EPA requirements for:

SO2 calibrations as per the US-EPA 40 CFR Part 50. Appendix A

NOX calibrations as per the US-EPA 40 CFR Part 50 - Appendix F.

O3 calibrations as per the US-EPA 40 CFR Part 50 - Appendix D.

CO calibrations as per the US-EPA 40 CFR Part 50 - Appendix C.

The CO2, PM10 and PM2.5 calibrations carried out conform to the

manufactures instructions as described in the analyser instruction manuals.

The BTEX calibrations conducted comply with the manufactures instructions

as described in the analyser instruction manuals.

5.3. Data Recovery and Quality Assurance

The processing, editing and verification process of the recovered data is conducted

by an expert assessment using the site log book and site notes. After verification,

copies of both the raw data and verified data are archived for report generation and

future reference. All monitoring data archived at Solar Blue remains confidential and

the property of DEADP. No data will be released to a third party unless instructed to

do so, in writing, by DEADP.

Analyser zero and span checks and dynamic calibration audits were conducted on

each analyser at routine intervals and the discrepancies logged. These calibration

checks can be used to assist in data verification and validation at Solar Blue, which is

made possible as the analysers are corrected to the audit concentrations after the

initial checks if required.

The air quality monitoring station internal temperature is continuously monitored and

logged for data verification purposes only and is not discussed in this report.


Solar Blue uses the SANAS TR07-02 guideline figure of 80% per parameter

monitored as a standard for representative data capture. This describes the required

completeness of the data set for the reporting of averages, which is defined as 80%.

This figure is based on standard arithmetic calculations. The completeness

calculations for data sets exclude zero and span data and times where service and /

or maintenance is being conducted on the instruments in question. Data recovery for

each station, expressed as a percentage collected data (% collected) and a

percentage after verification (% verified) is provided for April 2012 (Table 1).

Percentage data capture below 80% is highlighted in yellow in the table below,

percentage data capture below 50% is highlighted in peach, while those analysers

that are out for repair are indicated in red.

Availability is a management definition related to system reliability. The availability

target is not set in terms of data quality criteria and has no associated quality

objectives. A target of 90% availability has been set for performance evaluation.

Availability is reported per station as a measure of total station uptime. The measure

is an average of the uptime for all variables monitored in the station but excludes

quality control check data.

Stellenbosch data recovery






Table 1: Data recovery for April 2012

Pollutant % Collected % Verified

Benzene - -

Tulouene - -

P-Xylene - -

Carbon Monoxide 100% 100%

Carbon Dioxide 100% 100%

Sulphur Dioxide 100% 100%

Nitrogen Dioxide 100% 100%

Nitrogen Oxide 100% 100%

Oxides of Nitrogen 100% 100%

Ozone - -

PM10 - -

PM2.5 - -

Stellenbosch Recovery for April 2012

6. NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS

Measured parameters are normally compared to the South African National Ambient

Air Quality Standards for Criteria Pollutants (National Standards) as documented in

the Government Gazette (2009), which provides the averaging period and allowable

frequency of exceedances for selected parameters (Table 2).


Table 2: South African National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Criteria

Pollutants (2009)

Pollutant Averaging

Period Standards

(µg/m3)

Standards (ppb)

Allowable Frequency of Exceedance

Compliance Date

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

10-min average 500 191 526 Immediate

1-hr average 350 134 88 Immediate


Annual average 50 19 0 Immediate

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)


Annual average 40 21 0 Immediate

Carbon Monoxide

(CO)

1-hr average 30,000 26,000 88 Immediate

8-hourly running average

10,000 8700 11 Immediate

Ozone (O3) 8-hourly running average

120 61 11 Immediate

Particulate Matter (PM10)

24-hr average 120 - 4 Immediate – 31 December 2014

Annual average 50 - 0 Immediate – 31 December 2014

Benzene (C6H6)

Annual average 10 3.2 0 Immediate – 31 December 2014

Please Note: ppb - parts per billion µg/m

3 - micrograms per cubic metre

No local standard exists for PM2.5; however, the Department of Environmental Affairs

(DEA) has proposed a draft regulation for PM2.5 standards (Government Gazette,

2011) in 2011 (Table 3).

Table 3: Proposed South African National Ambient Air Quality Standards for

PM2.5 (Government Gazette, 2011)

Pollutant Averaging

Period Standards

(µg/m3)

Standards (ppb)

Allowable Frequency of Exceedance

Compliance Date

Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

24-hour average

65 - 0 Immediate – 31 December 2015

24-hour average

40 - 0 1 April 2016 – 31 December 2029

24-hour average

25 - 0 1 April 2030

Annual average

25 - 0 Immediate – 31 December 2015

Annual Average

20 - 0 1 April 2016 – 31 December 2029

Annual average

15 - 0 1 April 2030


Current PM2.5 emissions are compared with the draft DEA regulations and the World

Health Organisation (WHO) standards (WHO 2006) for annual and 24-hour PM2.5

averages (Table 4).

Table 4: WHO PM2.5 Standard Values (WHO, 2006)

Pollutant Annual Average 24-hour Average Standard

Particulate Matter (PM2.5) 10 μg/m3 25 μg/m

3

7. AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS

7.1. Number of Exceedances

The exceedances recorded at all stations during April 2012 are provided hereafter (


Table 5). The dash (-) indicates insufficient data recovery for those parameters.

A brief air quality overview highlighting some of the pollutant parameters, specifically

those exceeding ambient air quality standards, will form part of the monthly activity

reports. Detailed graphs of all measured parameters can be found at

www.ecostat.co.za. Hourly, daily and diurnal graphs are presented in the following

section, where applicable. Parameters that recorded a data recovery less than 50%

will not be presented as the accuracy of the data is unknown due to the low data

recovery. Those parameters presented that have a recovery of less than 80% must

be viewed with caution due to the recovery being below the required percentage.

Stellenbosch recorded no exceedances of any of the available Standards during April

2012.

http://www.ecostat.co.za/


Table 5: Number of exceedances of the South African National Ambient Air

Quality Standards for Criteria Pollutants (2009) for all stations for April 2012

Pollutant Averaging Period Standards

Air Quality Monitoring Station

Stellenbosch

SO2

10-min average 191 ppb 0

1-hr average 134 ppb 0

24-hr average 48 ppb 0

NO2 1-hr average 106 ppb 0

CO 1-hr average 26 ppm 0

O3 8-hourly running average 61 ppb -

PM10 24-hr average 120 µg/m3 -

PM2.5 24-hr average DEA 65 µg/m3 -

Note: (-) indicates no data available

7.2. Particulate Matter Concentrations (PM10)

No data was recovered for PM10 as analysers were faulty.

7.3. Particulate Matter Concentrations (PM2.5)

PM2.5 analysers were faulty during April 2012 and no data was recovered.

7.4. Sulphur Dioxide Concentrations (SO2)

SO2 concentrations remained low throughout the month and no exceedances were

recorded (Figure 4 and Figure 5).


Figure 4: Hourly average SO2 concentrations at Stellenbosch during April 2012

Figure 5: Daily average SO2 concentrations at Stellenbosch during April 2012

Stellenbosch indicated a significant diurnal SO2 signature (Figure 6), with higher

concentrations recorded during the mornings between 06:00 – 10:00 which is

indicative of domestic fuel burning and industrial activities in the area.


Figure 6: Diurnal signature of the SO2 concentrations at Stellenbosch during

April 2012

7.5. Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations (NO2)

NO2 concentrations varied throughout the month with some days peaking above

80ppb. No exceedances of the hourly average NO2 Standard were recorded (Figure

7).

Figure 7: Hourly average NO2 concentrations at Stellenbosch during April 2012

Stellenbosch indicated a significant diurnal NO2 signature with higher concentrations

in the morning, peaking at 09:00 (Figure 12). A second peak occurs in the evening, at

18:00. This signature is indicative of vehicle emissions.


Figure 8: Diurnal signature of the NO2 concentrations at Stellenbosch during

April 2012

7.6. Carbon Monoxide Concentrations (CO)

No CO exceedances were recorded during April 2012 and concentrations remained

low throughout the month at Stellenbosch (Figure 9).

Figure 9: Hourly CO concentrations at Stellenbosch during April 2012

Stellenbosch indicated a significant CO diurnal signature with higher concentrations

recorded during the morning between 05:00 – 10:00 and a slight increase in

concentrations in the late afternoon and evening between 15:00 – 18:00. These


diurnal signatures are indicative of vehicle emissions and domestic fuel burning

(Figure 10).

Figure 10: Diurnal signature (5 min data) of the CO concentrations (ppb) at

Stellenbosch during April 2012

7.7. Carbon Dioxide Concentrations (CO2)

An obvious difference in CO2 concentrations was noted in the beginning of April

2012. The step-like change in concentrations is likely to have been caused by a

calibration error caused by the analyser carrier gas. The CO2 concentrations at

Stellenbosch remained relatively constant, but high above the global average of

392ppm, for majority of the month (Figure 11). Due to the high concentration of CO2,

these results should be viewed with caution.

Figure 11: Hourly CO2 concentrations at Stellenbosch during April 2012


Stellenbosch indicated a significant CO2 diurnal signature with higher concentrations

in the morning, peaking at 07:00. Concentrations increased again in the evening

between 16:00 – 23:00This diurnal signature is indicative of vehicle emissions and

domestic fuel burning (Figure 12).

Figure 12: Diurnal signature (5 min data) of the CO2 concentrations (ppb) at

Stellenbosch during April 2012

7.8. Ozone Concentrations (O3)

No data was recovered for O3 during April 2012 due to an analyser fault.

7.9. Benzene, Toulene, Ethylbenzene and p-Xylene (BTEX)

Currently there is no accessible data for BTEX as there are problems being

experienced with the upload to Ecostat. This issue has been investigated. Data is

currently being sent in 1-minute intervals, requiring extensive computational

resources. Technicians are currently working on extracting the data and transforming

it into 5 and 10-minute interval files which then can be used by Ecostat.

8. CONCLUSION

The monthly report for April 2012 provides air quality details for the Stellenbosch air

quality monitoring station.


8.1. Air Quality

The results for ambient concentrations of dioxide of nitrogen (NOX), ozone (O3),

carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), particulate

matter (PM10 and PM2.5) and BTEX as measured at the Stellenbosch monitoring

station for the period 01 – 30 April 2012 are presented.





Further analysis of data with regard to possible sources of pollution will be

undertaken when more data is available and once a better understanding of the local

area and industries is available.


REFERENCES

DEA (2009). The Identification of Substances in Ambient Air and Establishment of

National Standards for the Permissible Amount or Concentration of

Each Substance in Ambient Air. National Environmental Management:

Air Quality Act, 2004 (Act No. 39 of 2004). 10 – 13.

Government Gazette, 2009: National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Criteria

Pollutants. (Vol 534, No: 32816)

Government Gazette, 2011: Proposed National Ambient Air Quality Standard for

Particulate Matter of Aerodynamic Diameter less than

2.5 micron metres. (Notice 515 of 2011, No 34493).

NASA, 2012: National American Space Agency: Monthly CO2 Average. Available at:

www.nasa.gov.

SANAS TR07-02 (2000). South African National Accreditation System.

Supplementary Requirements for the accreditation of

continuous ambient air pollution monitoring stations.

1 – 12.

WHO, 2006: WHO Air Quality guidelines for particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen

dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Global update 2005: Summary of risk

assessment. World Health Organisation. pp 0 - 20.

http://www.nasa.gov/


DISTRIBUTION LIST

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS AND DEVELOPMENT PLANNING

Attention: Heinrich Wingrove

GES Library

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING REPORT

FOR THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF THE WESTERN CAPE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS AND DEVELOPMENT PLANNING

Stellenbosch Monthly Report – April 2012

SUBMITTED

BY

………………………. K. Hauptfleisch

REPORT AUTHOR

REVIEWED

BY

………………………. J. Lodder SENIOR

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANT

TECHNICAL

ACCEPTANCE

………………………… N. Snow

TECHNICAL MANAGER

MANAGEMENT AUTORISATION

………………………. M. van Nierop MANAGING DIRECTOR

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AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING REPORT - … · Monthly Air Quality Activity Report for Stellenbosch ... Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning (DEADP) on behalf