Ambient air pollution and waste incineration in Poland – Intereg 3 ProgrammeAmbient air pollution and waste incineration in Poland – Intereg 3 ProgrammeNational Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland, 11 May 2006National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland, 11 May 2006

Dr. hab. Michal KrzyzanowskiRegional Adviser, Air Quality and Health

WHO Regional Office for Europe

Ambient air pollution in Europe:Ambient air pollution in Europe:how it harms healthhow it harms health

Zanieczyszczenie powietrzaZanieczyszczenie powietrza::

jak szkodzi ono zdrowiu?jak szkodzi ono zdrowiu? Założony w 1918

«Systematic Review of health aspects of air quality in Europe», 2002/4

WHO programme supporting development of EC Clean Air for Europe (CAFE) strategy

WHO assessment of health risk of long-range transboundary air pollution

http://www.euro.who.int/air

WHO collaborates with UN Convention on Long RangeTransboundary Air Pollution

Anthropogenic contribution to PM2.5EMEP Eulerian model MSC-W & IIASA

2000 2020

Source: MSC-W & CIAM

Grid-average concentrations, annual mean [µg/m3]from known anthropogenic sources excluding sec. org. aerosols Average of calculations for 1997, 1999, 2000 & 2003 meteorologies

Trends in PM10 concentration: EU, 1997-2002

A n n u a l a v e r a g e P M 1 0 c o n c e n t r a t i o n f o r s t a t i o n s w i t h 6 y e a r d a t a

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

1 9 9 5 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 3

Concent

ration (µ

g/m3)

r u r a l ( 2 8 )

u r b a n ( 7 3 )

s t r e e t ( 3 4 )

3 6 t h h i g h e s t P M 1 0 c o n c e n t r a t i o n f o r s t a t i o n s w i t h 6 y e a r d a t a

0

2 0

4 0

6 0

8 0

1 0 0

1 9 9 5 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 3

Source: AIRBASE

Sector contributors to PM2.5 in EU15, 2000

Source: EMEP 2005

Sector contributors to PM10 in Poland, 2000-2003

Source: IOS 2005

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

2000 2001 2002 2003

lata

tony

procesy spalania w sektorzeprodukcji i transformacji energii

procesy spalania w sektorzekomunalnym i mieszkaniow ym

procesy spalania w przemyśle

procesy produkcyjne

transport drogow y

inne pojazdy i urządzenia

zagospodarow anie odpadów

rolnictw o

inne źróła emisji

Risk for all-cause mortality and air pollution - WHO meta-analysis of short term studies

Source: WHO 2004

RR for mortality endpoints related to a 10 µg/m3 increase in pollution including 95 % confidence intervals; left part: PM10, black smoke (BS) and ozone from European

studies; right part: PM2.5 from North American studies

all

cause

resp

irato

ry

card

iova

scula

r

all

cause

resp

irato

ry

card

iova

scula

r

all

cause

resp

irato

ry

card

iova

scula

r

all

cause

resp

irato

ry

card

iova

scula

r

0.99

0.995

1

1.005

1.01

1.015

1.02

1.025

1.03

PM10 BS Ozone PM2.5

Eureopean studies Amercian studies

Long term exposure to PM and risk of mortalityin ACS cohort (ca. 0.5 million people followed for 16 years)

Source: Pope et al, JAMA 2002

Long term exposure to PM and risk of CVD Long term exposure to PM and risk of CVD mortalitymortality

(ACS cohort, ca. 0.5 million people followed for 16 years)(ACS cohort, ca. 0.5 million people followed for 16 years)

Source: Pope et al, JAMA 2002

Cause of deathRR per 10

g/m3 PM2.595% c.i.

Total 1.06 1.02 – 1.11

Cardiopulmonary 1.09 1.03 – 1.16

Lung cancer 1.14 1.04 – 1.23

All other 1.01 0.96 – 1.06

Modelled PM2.5 concentrations in the Los Angeles Basin (Jerrett, Epidemiology Nov. 2005)

Risk of mortality due to long term PM2.5 exposure (Jerett, Epidemiology 2005)

Adjusted RR ~ 1.11 - 1.17 over 10 µg/m3 PM2.5 contrast for all cause mortality (two -three times as large as the inter-urban effect published by Pope in 2002)

Lung cancer and heart disease RR range from 1.25 -1.60

Rate Ratios for total mortality and PM2.5 in extended Harvard 6-cities Study (Laden et al, 2006)

Period 1: 1974-89; Period 2: 1990-98

Long term air pollution exposure and acceleration of atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation in an animal

model (Sun et al, JAMA Dec 2005)

Loss of life expectancydue to PM2.5 from anthropogenic sources

Source:EMEP & IIASA

2000 2020

Loss of Life expectancy in months

Loss of life expectancydue to PM2.5 from anthropogenic sources

Source:EMEP & IIASA

Loss of Life expectancy in months

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Au

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Be

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Cze

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Est

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Fin

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Ge

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Gre

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Hu

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UK

To

tal E

U-1

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To

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U-2

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2000 CLE 2020 MFR 2020

Poland

Estimates of health impacts of anthropogenic PM in EU

Sour

ce:C

AF

E 2

005

Health end-point Units (per year) EU25 PolandMortality – life expectancy reduction

Months 8.6 10.7

Mortality – long term exposure Life years lost x1,000 3618 356

Mortality – long term exposure Number of premature deaths x1,000

348 33

Infant mortality Cases x1,000 0.6 0.09

Chronic bronchitis Cases x 1000 163 15

Respiratory hospital admissions

cases x 1000 62 6

Cardiac hospital admissions Cases x 1000 38 4

Restricted activity days Days x 1000 347687 34945

Respiratory medication use (children)

Days x 1000 4218 328

Respiratory medication use (adults)

Days x 1000 27742 2568

Lower respir. symptoms (children)

Days x 1000 192756 22577

WHO AQG: Global update 2005: WHO AQG: Global update 2005: Summary of updated AQG valuesSummary of updated AQG values

Pollutant Averaging time AQG value

Particulate matter PM2.5

PM10

1 year24 hour (99th percentile)

1 year24 hour (99th percentile)

10 µg/m3 25 µg/m3

20 µg/m3

50 µg/m3

Ozone, O3 8 hour, daily maximum 100 µg/m3

Nitrogen dioxide, NO2 1 year1 hour

40 µg/m3 200 µg/m3

Sulfur dioxide, SO2 24 hour10 minute

20 µg/m3 500 µg/m3

AQG levels recommended to be achieved everywhere in order to significantly reduce the adverse health effects of pollution

http://www.euro.who.int/Document/E87950.pdf

Ambient air pollution and waste incineration in Poland – Intereg 3 ProgrammeAmbient air pollution and waste incineration in Poland – Intereg 3 ProgrammeNational Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland, 11 May 2006National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland, 11 May 2006

http://www.euro.who.int/air

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