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1. Article 65, part 6. “Federal laws andother legislative acts of the Russian Fed-eration running counter to the sovereignrights and interests of the Republic ofDagestan may be suspended by theRepublic of Dagestan on its territory.These acts may be protested in a properlegal manner.”

1. “Federal laws and other legislative actsof the Russian Federation passed in viola-tion of part 3 of the present Article may beprotested in proper legal manner.”(Article 65, part 3 of the Constitution ofDagestan reads: “ Outside the authority ofthe Russian Federation and the joint author-ity of the Russian Federation, the Republicof Dagestan executes its own legalregulation, including the passing of laws andother normative acts.”)

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2. Article 65. Part 8. “Setting up andactivities in the Republic of Dagestan offederal organs’ territorial structures isallowed on the basis of agreements”.

2. “Federal organs are allowed to set uptheir territorial structures iin the republicof Dagestan in a proper legal manner.

3. Article 66. “Republic of Dagestan isan independent participant in interna-tional and external-economic relationsand ties, enters into relations with otherstates, concludes agreements, ex-changes representations, and partici-pates in activities of internationalorganizations.”

3.”Republic of Dagestan has the rightto establish international and external-economic relations in accordance withthe Constitution of the Russian Fed-eration, federal laws and the presentConstitution, participates within its au-thority in the implementation of inter-national treaties of the Russian Federa-tion, in the formulation andimplementation of the country’s foreign-policy course on issues bearing on theinterests of the Republic of Dagestan.”

4. Article 70. “Republic of Dagestanreserves the right to change its state andlegal status on the basis of Dagestanipeople’s will.”

4. “The status of the Republic ofDagestan may be changed with a mu-tual consent of the Russian Federationand Republic of Dagestan in accor-dance with the federal constitutionallaw.”

5. Article 75. “Deputies of the People’sAssembly of Dagestan have immunityduring the whole of their term of office.They cannot be arrested or searchedapart from being caught at a crime scene,as well as be subjected to a personalinspection with the exception of thecases stipulated by law to provide forsecurity of other people.”

5. Second sentence: “They are immunefrom prosecution or civil liabilityimposed by court, they cannot be de-tained or arrested, searched or interro-gated without a consent from thePeople’s Assembly apart from cases ofdetention at a crime scene and cannot besubjected to a personal inspection withthe exclusion of cases when it is stipu-lated by federal law to provide for otherpeople’s security. The above restrictionsdo not extend to deputies’ activities notrelated to their functions.”

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6. Article 81, part 1, paragraph 5. “Withinthe authority of the People’s Assemblyis: …5) Appointment and dismissal of judgesto the Republic of Dagestan’sConstitutional Court, Supreme Court andSupreme Court of Arbitration, as well asjudges of district and municipal courts.”

6. “Appointment and dismissal of judgesto the Republic of Dagestan’sConstitutional Court, appointment ofjudges of peace, consent to appoint-ment of judges to the Republic ofDagestan’s Supreme Court, Court ofArbitration, district and municipalcourts.

7. Article 91, paragraph 5. “State Councilof the Republic of Dagestan: … 4) sub-mits to the People’s Assemblycandidacies of judges to be appointed tothe Republic of Dagestan’s ConstitutionalCourt, of Chairman and judges of theRepublic of Dagestan’s Supreme Court,of Chairman and judges of the Republicof Dagestan’s Court of Arbitration, ofjudges of district and municipal courts,moves a proposal on the candidacy ofprosecutor of the Republic of Dagestan.

7. “…submits to the People’s Assemblycandidacies of judges to be appointed tothe Republic of Dagestan’sConstitutional Court, of judges of peace,and for getting consent for appointmentof judges to the Supreme Court, theCourt of Arbitration, district (municipal)courts, moves a proposal for a candidacyto be appointed Dagestan’s prosecutor.

8. Article 91, paragraph 7. “appoints andrecalls after consultations with the ap-propriate committees of the People’s As-sembly diplomatic representatives ofthe Republic of Dagestan.”

8. To exclude the word “diplomatic”from paragraph 7.

9. Article 91, paragraph 13. “issues par-don for persons sentenced by courtsof the Republic of Dagestan.”

9. To exclude paragraph 13.

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10. Article 112, part 3. “The court sys-tem of the Republic of Dagestan iscomprised by: Republic of Dagestan’sConstitutional Court, Republic ofDagestan’s Supreme court, Republic ofDagestan’s Supreme Court ofArbitration, district and municipalcourts.

10. “The Republic of Dagestan’s courtsystem is a part of the RussianFederation’s court system and includesthe Republic of Dagestan’sConstitutional Court, the Republic ofDagestan’s Court of Arbitration, districtand municipal courts, judges of peace.”

11. Article 113. “The ConstitutionalCourt of the Republic of Dagestan is thesupreme judicial organ to protect theconstitutional system.

11. “Constitutional Court of the Republicof Dagestan is a judicial organ to pro-tect the constitutional system…”

12. Article 113, part 5, paragraph 2. TheConstitutional Court of the Republic ofDagestan “issues a ruling on thecorrespondence of laws and normativeacts of the Russian Federation to theConstitution of Dagestan on issues ofjoint authority of the Republic ofDagestan and Russian Federation.

12. To exclude.

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V[*S.Huntington. The Clash of Civilizations (fragments from new book).//«Pro et Contra»,vol.2, No.2, p.147-152.

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Types of taxpayments

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QgX*;*3(0(.,*&"3D(C*0/33%()*2",*#C*/*,(/4*2-*3(&(/30'(3&*".)(3*,'(*$(/)(3&'%1*2-*G(2R/)%/632#%`'(D/*%.*&(D(3/$*3(1"#$%0&*/.)*3(H%2.&*2-*,'(*?"&&%/.*<()(3/,%2.*%.*QUUV*-2".)*&,32.H*&"1123,-23*,'(*3%H',*2-*&(0(&&%2.E*+%,'*Z_s*2-*3(&12.)(.,&*%.*9/,/3&,/.E*__7Zs*%.*Y23,'(3.*̂ &&(,%/*M*;$/.%//.)*g\7_s*%.*F/R'/kb/R",%/*/&&(3,%.H*&"0'*/*3%H',7*<324*hQs*,2*VZs*02.&%)(3()*,'(*"&(*2-*?"&&%/.-230(*%.*&"0'*0%30"4&,/.0(&*"./00(1,/#$(a*See Leokadia Drobizheva. Ethnic and administrativeboundaries. Stability and conflict factors. Moscow, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropologyof the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1998.

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172 Presentation by Emil Pain, Stanford University, November 6, 1998.

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174 «Russia’s Regional Government Are Gaining Public Confidence,» USIA OpinionAnalysis, January 23, 1998. The survey also demonstrated considerable variations amongregions in the level of public trust, ranging from highs of 81%in Orel oblast, 73% in Kemerovo,and 66% in Moscow city, to a low of 21% in Vladimir oblast.

175 FBIS translated text from Moscow Rabochaia Tribuna, January 19, 1998.176 For a study explicitly focusing on such regional variations, see Mary McAuley, Russia’s

Politics of Uncertainty (Cambridge University Press, 1997).

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* Leokadiya Mikhaylovna Drobizheva, Director of the Institute of Sociology of RussianAcademy of Sciences.

177 R.S. Khakimov. On the fundamentals of asymmetry of Russian Federation.//Asymmet-ric federation: view from the center, republics and regions. v., 1998, p. 31.

178 F.K. Mukhametshin. Report at the international scientific-practical conference “Fed-eralism; global and Russian measurements». Federalism: global and Russian measurements.Kazan, 1993, p. 12.

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179 Ibidem, p. 13.180 R.S. Khakimov. On the fundamentals of asymmetry..., p. 37.

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181 «Kazanskiye Vedomosti», August 30, 1995w.182 I. Tagirov. Tatarstan model started with the declaration; We have learnt to speak with

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184 M. Shaymiyev’s address on the ORT TV channel 28 December 1998.185 The elite of the Republics of Russian Federation speaking.//110 interviews of Leokadiya

Drobijeva. v., 1996,p. 241-242.

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186 Qoted by the notes, as the author participated in this round table.187 Discussions on parliamentary hearings (notes by the author).

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