AMA Study Guide

Presented by the Airside Operations Admin Team Created by Geoffrey Gaskin, ACE

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Contents Introduction

Requirements & Eligibility�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…..1 FAQ�’s �…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…..2 Objectives�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…3 Definitions & Acronyms�…�…�….�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�… 4

Section 1 �– Runway Incursions

Definition�…�…�…�….�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…5 Section 2 �– Airfield Familiarization

Airfield Complexes�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�….6 Runways�…�…..�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…7 Runway Safety Area (RSA)�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�….8 Taxiways�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…..9 Areas of Concern�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�….9 Twy C/D Intersection�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�….10 Twy V Loop�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…...�…�…11 Airfield Markings�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…..�…�…�…11 Runway Hold Bar�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…......�…�…�…12 Red/White Zipper Marking�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…...12 Airfield Signage�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�….13 ILS Critical Area�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…14 LAHSO�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…......14 SMGCS�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…..14 FOD�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…...15 Aircraft Repositioning and Disabled Aircraft�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…15 City Codes�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�….16

Section 3 �– Communications

Primary Frequency�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�….17 Initial Call�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…..17 Phonetic Alphabet�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�….18 ATC Frequencies�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�….�…..18 Ramp Frequencies�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�….�….19 General Rules and Guidelines�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…....19 Aviation Terminology�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…20 Radio Communications Failure�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�….21 Light Gun Signals�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…..21

Airport Operations and Contact Information�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…..�…..�…22

Figures Figure 1 �– Airfield Complexes�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…6 Figure 2 �– Airfield Layout (Jepp Chart)�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�….7 Figure 3 �– Runway Safety Area�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…..8 Figure 4 �– Areas of Concern�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…...9 Figure 5 �– Twy D, Southbound�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�….10 Figure 6 �– Twy D, Southbound�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…..10 Figure 7 �– Twy V�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…..11 Figure 8 �– Airfield Markings�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�….11 Figure 9 �– Runway Markings�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…11 Figure 10 �– Surface Painted Signs�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�….12 Figure 11 �– Runway Hold Bar�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…...12 Figure 12 �– Red/White Zipper Marking�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…12 Figure 13 �– Airfield Signage�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�….13 Figure 14 �– ILS Holding Position Rwy 8L�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…14 Figure 15 �– Phonetic Alphabet�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…�…..18

Charts �– Charts can be found at the end of the guide and are intended for educational

use only. All are current as of the date this guide was published, but may become outdated. ALWAYS obtain a new, updated chart, prior to entering the movement area

KATL Jepp Chart Runway Incursion Awareness Chart ILS Critical Area Chart East Operation ILS Critical Area Chart West Operation FAA Signage Test Blank ATL Aerial Overview

ATL Airside Operations - 1 - AMA Training Guide

Introduction This training guide has been provided to you by the Airport Operations Division of the Department of Aviation, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. Our goal is to operate a safe and efficient airport, and to reduce the number of runway incursions. The procedures, guidelines and airport specific information contained within this guide, when combined with proper training from your company or the FAA, will provide you with the basic knowledge needed to meet these goals. This guide provides a general overview of safe operating procedures for driving on the movement area at ATL. It is not intended to cover specific conditions at all airports. Some local procedures are unique. If there are questions about differences between this guide and local procedures, they can be resolved by your supervisor or by contacting the Airport Operations Office at (404) 530-6620. By its nature, it is necessary for this guide to be generic. The Movement Area Driver Training course is intended for airfield familiarization training and should be a review only. Proper training from your company is required prior to completing this course. This class is not for beginners. Why do we require this training?

The FAA requires all Operating Certificate holders to limit access to the movement areas only to those ground vehicles with a daily operational need. We are also required by the FAA to ensure that vehicle operators with access to the movement area are familiar with our procedures for the operation of ground vehicles and the consequences of non-compliance.

Consequences of non-compliance are: ᅑ� Suspension of airfield and/or movement area driving privileges ᅑ� Permanent revocation of airfield and/or movement area driving privileges ᅑ� Criminal penalties as defined in the Atlanta City Code of Ordinances

Who is eligible for an AMA license?

Only those with a daily operational need. Authorized personnel include: Airport operations, airport maintenance, ARFF, engineers and certain airline personnel, including airline mechanics and specially trained tug and tow teams. Students that successfully complete the course, with a passing grade of 80% or better, will be issued an AMA badge as shown below. If the student is not a taxi qualified mechanic, and will be acting in a limited capacity during relocation of an aircraft (such as driving a pushback tug/tractor), a restricted license will be issued. Restricted license holders are not authorized to cross runways.


How long is the license valid? Airport Ops, ARFF, Airport Maintenance, Engineers and FAA personnel will have to renew their license every 12 months Airline tow teams and Mechanics repositioning aircraft will have to renew every 24 months, with the exception of Delta Air Lines, which must renew when their ATL SIDA badge expires.

Who is required to have an AMA license during an aircraft reposition?

Any person that operates the aircraft, brakes, radios or tug is required to have a valid AMA license. In order to keep a sterile cockpit, anyone not integral to the reposition, or not in a training capacity, should not be allowed to ride in the cockpit or tug unless they have a valid AMA license.

What is the difference in Movement Area Training and Airport Driver Safety Training (ADST)?

Movement Area Training is for those individuals that have a daily operational need to enter the AMA, for instance, airline maintenance teams that need to relocate an aircraft from a maintenance facility to the ramp. ADST training only allows you to access the NLVR and ramp areas. Entering the AMA is strictly prohibited.

Are there any prerequisites for AMA training?

Anyone attending the class, whether initial or recurrent, should be able to pass the exam prior to viewing the presentation. It is expected that you have a level of knowledge that would make you a safe operator on the movement area, as our presentation will be more of a review of what you already know, and introduction to ATL specific information. Airline personnel are required to have completed the Taxi 101 course presented by the FAA. Airport Operations may provide the CD for this training if needed. DOA employees need to make arrangements with your immediate supervisor for on the job training. DOA contractors and engineers can expect to be required to complete a checklist and up to 20 ride-alongs with Airside Operations during the daily airfield inspection, to better familiarize you with the AMA, during initial training.


Objectives Upon completion of the AMA training course, you should be able to:

ᅑ� Define runway incursion and understand the importance in preventing them. ᅑ� Identify runways and hold positions on the movement area. ᅑ� Identify what side of the runway hold bar you stop on. ᅑ� Define what the red/white zipper marking means here at ATL and know what

steps are needed to cross it. ᅑ� Label all 10 runways and 23 major taxiways on a blank airport diagram. ᅑ� Understand why aircraft always have the right of way. ᅑ� Identify a runway and know the color of the lights and markings, understand

why they are designated with numbers and letters. ᅑ� Identify a taxiway and know the color of the lights and markings. ᅑ� Understand what a runway safety area is and why it�’s important to remain

clear of them. ᅑ� Understand what the different types of signs mean and why it�’s important to

be able to read them. ᅑ� Understand LAHSO and how it applies to you. ᅑ� Know your limitations during a SMGCS operation. ᅑ� Understand the Atlanta City Code of Ordinances that refer to Aviation and

how to comply with them. ᅑ� Know the phonetic alphabet and basic aviation terminology. ᅑ� Discern between an east and west operation.


Definitions Movement Area �– the runways, taxiways, and other areas of an airport that are used for taxiing, takeoff, and landing of aircraft, exclusive of loading ramps and aircraft parking areas. Safety Area �– a defined area comprised of either a runway or taxiway and the surrounding surfaces that is prepared or suitable for reducing the risk of damage to aircraft in the event of an undershoot, overshoot, or excursion from a runway or the unintentional departure from a taxiway. Figure 3 illustrates the runway safety area. Runway (Rwy) �– a rectangular paved surface on an airport designed for the take-off or landing of aircraft. Taxiway (Twy) �– a paved surface designed for the movement of aircraft from one part of an airport to another. Acronyms ADST - Airport Driver Safety Training AOA �– Aircraft Operating Area AMA �– Aircraft Movement Area ATC or ATCT �– Air Traffic Control Tower ATL �– three letter identifier for the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport ATIS �– Automated Terminal Information Services CPTC �– Central Terminal Passenger Complex. Commonly called �“the ramp�”. DOA �– Department of Aviation for the City of Atlanta FAA �– Federal Aviation Administration FBO �– Fixed Base Operator (handles GA Aircraft) FOD �– Foreign Object Debris/Damage GA �– General Aviation H-JAIA - Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport ICAO �– International Civil Aviation Organization ILS �– Instrument Landing System RSA �– Runway Safety Area RVR �– Runway Visual Range RWY �– abbreviation for Runway SMGCS �– Surface Movement Guidance and Control System TOC �– Delta Air Lines�’ Technical Operations Center (maintenance facility) TWY �– abbreviation for Taxiway


Section 1 Runway Incursions On October 1, 2007, the FAA adopted the ICAO definition of a runway incursion. It states:

Any occurrence at an aerodrome involving the incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle or person on the protected area of a surface designated for the landing and take off of aircraft

Runway incursions are broken down into three categories.

1. Operational Error (OE): An error is made by an air traffic controller.

2. Pilot Deviation (PD): When a pilot enters the runway without permission.

3. Vehicle/Pedestrian Deviation (V/PD): When a person or vehicle enters the runway without permission.

Some common causes for runway incursions are miscommunications, unfamiliarity with surroundings, poor weather conditions or complacency. Runway Incursions are a major concern at ATL. Safety is the primary goal when entering the AMA. We must always stay alert and be aware of other aircraft around us. There should be no distractions, such as listening to music, talking on a cell phone or company radio, or conversing with someone else in the cockpit/vehicle while operating on the AMA. When operating on the AMA, it�’s important to listen to radio calls from ATC closely. The frequency can become very congested during the peak arrival/departure times. It�’s important to make sure the call you heard was for you. If you are unsure, or did not hear your call sign, ask ATC to repeat the instructions or verify whom they are for. In order to keep from becoming lost on the AMA, you should always carry an updated Jeppesen Chart. If you are unsure on the route given to you by ATC, you may request �“progressive taxi�” instructions. This will alert ATC to the fact that you are unfamiliar with the route given and will need turn-by-turn instructions. ATL is a constantly evolving airport. We are always looking to expand, add new taxiways to improve our capacity, or to repair older components. Because of this, it�’s important to not become complacent while operating on the AMA. Just because you�’ve always taken the same route to reach your location, doesn�’t mean the same route will be available forever. It�’s important to be aware of what areas are under construction or what areas may be closed for routine maintenance. Prior to entering the AMA, you should always listen to ATIS frequency to get up-to-date airfield information.


Section 2 Airfield Familiarization The ATL airfield is broken up into three distinct complexes. ᅑ� North Complex: includes all taxiways and runways north of the CPTC, including

taxiway Golf. The north complex is depicted in red on Figure 1. ᅑ� Center Complex: includes all taxiways and runways south of the CPTC, and

from taxiway romeo north. The center complex is depicted in green on Figure 1. ᅑ� South Complex: includes all taxiways and runways south of taxiway romeo. The

south complex is depicted in blue on Figure 1. Figure 1


Runways ATL currently has five 150�’ wide runways. All runways are configured in an east/west direction and are depicted in black on Figure 2. Each runway has a parallel taxiway and numerous high speed taxiway turnoffs. All runways at ATL have: ᅑ� White painted markings that include edge lines and centerlines, precision

approach, and runway designator markings (see Figure 2). ᅑ� White centerline lights that change to alternating red/white at 3,000�’ remaining

and solid red with 1,000�’ remaining. ᅑ� White edge lights that change to amber with 2,000�’ remaining.

Figure 2

A runway designator is determined by the runways magnetic heading. Think of an aircraft sitting on a runway, and visualize where its nose would be pointing on a compass. For example, if an aircraft was sitting on Rwy 9L, awaiting departure, its nose would be pointing to the east, or 090 degrees. The zeros are then dropped from the heading giving you your runway designator of Rwy 9.


Due to the fact that we have parallel runways, our runways are paired up via complex (as depicted in Figure 1 earlier). An �“L�” or �“R�” following the runway designator is determined by the pilot�’s point of view. For example, if a pilot is approaching from the west towards two Rwy 9�’s, the left runway would be Rwy 9L and the right would be Rwy 9R. During normal operations at ATL, each complex will have one landing and one departing runway, with the exception of the south complex. The runway that is closest to the CPTC is considered the �“inboard�”, and is used for departures. The runway further away, is considered the �“outboard�”, and is used for landings. While working at ATL, you may hear the term �“east operation�” or �“west operation�”. This is in reference to the flow of air traffic in and out of the airport. Aircraft always flow in the same direction. For instance, you should never see an aircraft departing Rwy 8R while another is landing Rwy 26R. Runway Safety Area (RSA) All runways have a 1000�’x 500�’ safety area that surrounds them. This area must not be occupied by any objects or structures that could damage an aircraft in the event that the aircraft was to leave the runway. Figure 3 depicts the RSA dimension for ATL. Figure 3


Taxiways ATL has 22 taxiways and numerous connectors. Taxiway widths vary from 75�’ to 150�’, with a typical width of 100�’. Taxiways are shown as grey on Figure 2. All taxiways have: ᅑ� Yellow pavement markings ᅑ� Blue edge lights ᅑ� Green centerline lights

***Areas of Concern***

Twy C and D on the north complex are the main routes to the north side maintenance facilities. These taxiways cross both north complex runways. It is advised to use caution when operating in this area. As depicted in Figure 4, there is only 383�’ between the runways where Twy C and D intersect with Twy B. Often, ATC will give clearance to cross Rwy 8L/26R and hold short of Rwy 8R/26L, and at the same time, may advise you to �“expedite�” and change frequencies. It�’s important to keep your eyes scanning out of the vehicle/cockpit and to be aware of where the hold short bar is. Several runway incursions have occurred here simply because the operator wasn�’t ready to stop. Figure 4 gives examples of distance traveled at an average taxi speed and expedited speed. Again, use caution while moving aircraft through this intersection - be prepared to stop Figure 4


Where�’s the runway? Figures 5 and 6 illustrate what you will see when traveling southbound on Twy D, just after exiting Rwy 8L/26R. As you can see, it�’s very difficult to identify runway in this intersection. Twy D is a designated SMGCS route, which means it has a 12�” (wider then normal) centerline that overlaps all other markings, including runway markings. Because of the markings, the elevation differences, there appears to be no runway. Runway guard lights, both in-pavement and elevated, are located in this intersection. Be aware of where you are!

Figure 5

Figure 6


Twy V is commonly referred to as �“the victor end around�” or �“the victor loop�”. Caution should be used while operating on this taxiway, as it slopes down and has a large turn at the bottom. It should also be noted that aircraft with a wingspan greater then 171�’ are restricted from using Twy V. Figure 7

Airfield Markings Pavement markings on taxiways consist of taxiway edge and center lines, holding points, critical area markings and the runway hold bar. All taxiway pavement markings are yellow. Pavement markings are reflective and can be seen at night time. Some examples can be seen in Figure 8. Figure 8

Pavement markings on runways consist of, but aren�’t limited to, a runway identifier, edge lines, center lines, aiming point and precision runway markings. All runway pavement markings are white and are reflective so that they can be seen at night time. Figure 9


Some taxiways have surface painted signs. These are painted markings that look just like the actual signs off to the side of the taxiway. They are used in areas where there may not be enough room to have a standard sign. An example is shown in Figure 8 and 10. Figure 10

The holding position (or hold bar) marking is the most important marking on the airfield. The hold bar is made up of a double solid yellow line and a double dashed yellow line. This marking holds you short of the runway. You will always stop on the solid side of the marking. You must always remember; you can not cross a runway hold bar with out permission from ATC. All hold bars at ATL have in-pavement runway guard lights in front of them. Runway guard lights are alternating yellow flashing lights. Figure 11

The red and white zipper marking is a marking that�’s unique to ATL. This marking is used in lieu of the movement area boundary marking. The red and white zipper marking indicates: ᅑ� Beginning/ending of a taxiway ᅑ� Edge of the NLVR ᅑ� ATC clearance is required to go further

Figure 12


Airfield Signage There are several different types of signs located on the airfield. They include, but aren�’t limited to, the following: ᅑ� Mandatory Instruction: Red background with white letters

o Holds you short of a runway or critical area. o Also called �“runway holding position�” sign

ᅑ� Directional Sign: Yellow background with black letters

o Indicates directions of other taxiways leading out of an intersection

ᅑ� Inbound Destination: Yellow background with black letters

o Indicates direction to a major destination ᅑ� Location Sign: Black background with yellow letters and border

o Identifies the taxiway or runway you are located on Figure 13 below illustrates some of the different signs you may see on the airfield. You will always see a runway holding position sign where a taxiway intersects a runway. Runway holding position signs normally have a �“runway boundary�” sign on the back of them. This helps you identify whether or not you are on or off of the runway. Figure 13


ILS Critical Area ILS Critical Areas must be �“protected�” when the ceiling is less than 800�’ and/or the visibility is less than 2 miles. It is our responsibility, while on the AMA, to know when we should or shouldn�’t stop at the ILS critical area marking. Figure 11 illustrates the Rwy 8L glide slope critical area. It is important to remain clear of this so that we don�’t interrupt the glide slop signal that an inbound aircraft may be using to land. When in doubt, ask ATC if the critical area is being protected. Figure 14

LAHSO LAHSO, which stands for land and hold short operations, is an ATC procedure intended to increase airport capacity without compromising safety. LAHSO will be explained in more detail during the AMA Training Course. Surface Movement Guidance Control System (SMGCS) During periods of low visibility due to fog or snow, ATL will implement its SMGCS plan. Once the RVR readings drop below 600�’, landing traffic will be sent to Rwy 9R (Category IIIB) and a Follow Me truck will be deployed to escort aircraft into the gate areas. It�’s important to know that when the SMGCS plan is initiated, ground vehicle operations on the movement area will not be authorized. This includes aircraft repositioning.


FOD FOD, which stands for Foreign Object Debris or Foreign Object Damage, is a major concern at ATL. While it is the responsibility of all airport personnel to reduce FOD, FOD on the movement area is the responsibility of Airport Operations. While operating in the movement area, if FOD is spotted, do not attempt to maneuver or chase the debris. Report all FOD to the ATCT or Airport Operations.

Aircraft Repositioning and Disabled Aircraft For Airline personnel, an ATL AMA license grants you permission to relocate aircraft ONLY. You may not use your license to enter the movement area for any other reason. Tugs, baggage carts and ground servicing equipment are strictly prohibited from enter the movement area. Consequently, airline mechanics or other personnel are not authorized to respond to a disabled aircraft on the movement area. You must first coordinate with Airport Operations for an escort. We are here 24/7/365 and can be reached via the numbers on your AMA badge.


City Codes The City of Atlanta has several codes listed in Section 22 pertaining directly to the airport. Atlanta Police Department has the authority to enforce the codes as they see fit. Listed below are codes that may directly affect you.

Section 22-168. Taxiing and ground rules. ᅑ� (a) No aircraft engine shall be started or run at the airport unless a pilot or a

certified airframe and powerplant mechanic qualified to run the engines of that particular type of aircraft is attending the controls.

ᅑ� (b) Aircraft at the airport shall perform warm-up or prolonged engine test operations only in approved areas. (City Blast Fence/Delta TOC/Northwest hangar)

ᅑ� (m) All aircraft being taxied, towed or otherwise moved at the airport shall proceed with navigation lights on during the hours between sunset and sunrise.

ᅑ� (n) Aircraft engines shall be started or operated only in the places designated for such purposes by the aviation general manager. Engine run-ups for test or maintenance purposes between the hours of 11:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m. shall be permitted only in specific locations approved by the aviation general manager for such purposes during such period.

Note: City Blast Fence is closed between the hours of 10:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m.

ᅑ� (t) No person or individual shall push back or power back any aircraft from gate areas unless at least two wing walkers are deployed. The wing walkers shall position themselves on each side of the aircraft to exercise pedestrian and vehicle control. No person or individual shall put into motion or cause to be put into motion any aircraft in such a manner that the movement of such aircraft presents an endangerment to persons or property

ᅑ� (l) All vehicles operating on or across taxiways or runways shall be equipped with a two-way radio and must be in continuous communication with the control tower, except when under escort by a vehicle properly authorized and equipped.

ᅑ� (m) Aircraft shall at all times have the right-of-way over other vehicular traffic. All vehicles shall pass to the rear of taxiing aircraft


Section 3 Communications It is essential to use proper aviation terminology when talking with ATC while accessing the movement areas. As always, safety is the main concern. Use of CB jargon or 10-codes is strictly prohibited. It is imperative that all personnel responsible for aircraft movements be thoroughly familiar with ATC procedures and radio phraseology, especially those terms that are specific to ATL. Use of correct radio techniques will reduce frequency congestion, allow for a more efficient flow of aircraft movements, reduce miscommunications, and reduce the risk of a runway incursion. Talking to �“the Tower�” The primary frequency for communications on the movement area is called ground control. There are several positions in the tower that you may talk to, including �“ground�”, �“tower�”, and �“metering�”. Although you are talking to controllers in the tower, you won�’t always be talking to the person working the �“tower�” position (known to controllers as �“local control�”). When entering the movement area, your first and primary contact will be ground control. Each subsequent frequency will be provided by the controller you are talking to, via a frequency change advisory. When communicating on the FAA frequencies, it�’s important to keep your transmissions short and to the point. Being the world�’s busiest airport means we can have well over 100 aircraft on the AOA at one time. This equates to congested frequencies which can in turn lead to many pilots trying to key their radios at once. Always listen before you speak. Never speak until you know what you want to say. Never take more time transmitting then necessary, you never know when ATC may need to stop someone from crossing a runway. Initial Call to ATC When making your initial call to ATC, you should always use the who/who/where format. Even though FAA Taxi 101 teaches you who/who/where/what format, as stated earlier, the frequencies at ATL are extremely congested, so we must not convey too much information to ATC until we have their full attention. ᅑ� Who you are calling

o �“Atlanta ground�” ᅑ� Who you are

o �“Tug 1�” �“Airport 5 Alpha�” ᅑ� Where you are

o �“Ramp 4 north�” �“Delta North�” Example: �“Atlanta ground, Airport 5 Alpha, at ramp 4 north�” Then, wait for response

from ATC before stating your intentions.


Phonetic Alphabet The use of the ICAO standard phonetic alphabet is required at ATL, with the exception of one letter; D. Due to ATL being the home base of Delta Air Lines, it�’s been agreed upon with ATC to not use the phonetic �“delta�” when referring to D, instead, we use �“dixie�”. Refrain from using police terms, such as �“adam�” and �“baker�”, proper use would be �“alpha�” and �“bravo�”. Figure 15 provides a listing of the phonetic alphabet and is a guide to proper pronunciation of letters and numbers. Figure 15 Character Word Pronunciation

A Alpha ALFAH B Bravo BRAHVOH C Charlie CHARLEE D Dixie DIKSEE E Echo ECKOH F Foxtrot FOKSTROT G Golf GOLF H Hotel HOHTELL I India INDEE AH J Juliett JEWLEE ETT K Kilo KEYLOH L Lima LEEMAH M Mike MIKE N November NOVEMBER O Oscar OSSCAH P Papa PAHPAH Q Quebec KEHBECK R Romeo ROWME OH S Sierra SEEAIRAH

Character Word Pronunciation T Tango TANGGO U Uniform YOUNEE FORMV Victor VIKTAH W Whiskey WISSKEY X X-ray ECKSRAY Y Yankee YANGKEY Z Zulu ZOOLOO 0 Zero ZE-RO 1 One WUN 2 Two TOO 3 Three TREE 4 Four FOW-ER 5 Five FIFE 6 Six SIX 7 Seven SEV-EN 8 Eight AIT 9 Nine NIN-ER

ATC Frequencies There are 10 main frequencies that you may communicate on while operating on the movement area. Below, you will find the listings for those frequencies. North Complex Center Complex South Complex _ Ground 121.90 Ground 121.75 Ground 121.65 Tower 8L/26R 119.1 Tower 9R/27L 119.3 Tower 10/28 119.5 Tower 8R/26L 125.32 Tower 9L/27R 123.85 Metering 121.0 Metering 118.65 ATIS Dep. 125.55 ATIS Arr. 119.65


Ramp Tower If repositioning an aircraft via a Terminal Ramp, it will be necessary to contact Ramp Control on the corresponding frequency:

Ramp 1 131.45 Ramp 4 130.07 Ramp 2 131.85 Ramp 5 129.37 Ramp 3 129.27 Ramp 6 131.37

All ramp and ATC frequencies can be found on your Jeppesen Chart, a copy of which will be provided during the AMA Training Course. General Rules and Guidelines to Follow While Moving Aircraft Ensure that you have the latest airport information, obtained from the ATIS frequency. It is important to know what areas are closed, to be aware of any possible frequency changes and to know the current weather conditions (ceiling and visibility). It�’s important to have a route planned out ahead of time, but ATC may have to reroute you due to construction activity of congestion on taxiways. ᅑ� Always read back holding instructions, including your call sign and runway

designator. This is mandatory. ᅑ� Use the correct phraseology, including the phonetic alphabet. Remember, no 10-

codes, slang or CB jargon. ᅑ� Speak clearly. ᅑ� Maintain a sterile cockpit. Do not allow other people that may be with you to

distract you. Refrain from conversations unless they apply to the task at hand. ᅑ� Ensure that you are on the correct frequency, and continuously monitor. ᅑ� If you are unsure of your location, or get lost, stop and advise ATC. ᅑ� Give way to aircraft and emergency vehicles. ᅑ� Advise ATC or DOA Ops of FOD or any other abnormalities on the movement

area. ᅑ� If an instruction wasn�’t understood, ask ATC to �“say again�”. ᅑ� If your taxi route takes you to an unfamiliar location on the airfield, ask for a

�“progressive�”. ATC will then provide you with turn by turn instructions.


Aviation Terminology Listed below are some of the common terms you may here while accessing the movement area, along with an explanation. ᅑ� Acknowledge: Let me know that you have received and understood my message ᅑ� Affirmative: Yes ᅑ� Clear: Avoid using this phrase, use �“exiting�” or �“off�” instead ᅑ� Expedite: Used by ATC when prompt compliance is required to avoid an imminent

situation. ᅑ� Go Ahead: Proceed with your message �– does not mean approved ᅑ� Hold Short: Stop at the location assigned until given further instructions ᅑ� Immediately: Compliance with instruction is required to avoid an imminent

situation ᅑ� Negative: No ᅑ� Proceed: Authorization to begin/continue on authorized routes ᅑ� Read Back: Repeat my message back to me ᅑ� Roger: I have received all of your last transmission �– does not mean �“yes�” ᅑ� Say Again: Used to request a repeat of the last transmission ᅑ� Stand By: Means the controller or pilot must pause for a few seconds, usually to

attend to other duties of a higher priority. ᅑ� Unable: Indicates inability to comply with a specific instruction, request or

clearance. Request is denied. ᅑ� Verify: Request confirmation of information ᅑ� Wilco: Will comply. I have received your message, understand it, and will comply

with it. ᅑ� Without Delay: With a sense of urgency, proceed with approved instructions in a

rapid manner


Radio Communications Failure If your radio was to fail while operating on the movement area: ᅑ� Turn your vehicle toward the tower ᅑ� Flash your lights on and off repeatedly ᅑ� Wait for the controller to signal you with the light gun ᅑ� DO NOT proceed until cleared by the tower

OR

ᅑ� Call Airport Ops for an escort at 404-530-6620

Light Gun Signals Steady Green Go, proceed, cross the Rwy or Twy Steady Red Stop Flashing Red Clear the Rwy or Twy Alternating Red/Green Exercise extreme caution Flashing White Return to starting point on airport


The City of Atlanta, Department of Aviation, is the owner and operator of Hartsfield �– Jackson Atlanta International Airport. The Airport Operations Division is tasked with the responsibility for the safe and efficient operations of the airport. The division operates 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year. Any request for the City Blast Fence, airfield debris or any other assistance, contact Airport Operations at 404-530-6620 or via the Police Dispatch at 404-530-6666. To schedule a class, contact the Airside Ops office at 404-530-6620. For electronic copies of the schedule, or to inquire about on-site training, email [email protected]

This document was created on 5 June 2008 and last updated on 10 June 2008

The information contained herein is for the sole purpose of information and education. All information published by Airport Operations is subject to change without notice. Airport Operations is not responsible for errors or damages of any kind resulting from the use of the information contained therein. Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of information presented as factual; however, errors may exist. Students are directed to countercheck facts when using this guide to study for the AMA Test. Use of this guide does not guarantee a passing score on the AMA Test. Questions or comments on any information listed in this guide can be addressed by contacting Airport Operations at 404-530-6620 or by contacting the author at [email protected].

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Runway Incursions Runway Incursions Jul 07 Jul 07 �–�– Feb 08Feb 08

12 Aug 07 �– ASA reported a pedestrian, walking across the touchdown zone of Rwy 10, that had come within 50�’ of their wingtip. The individual entered the SIDA area while being pursued by local authorities. ATL Ops closed the runway while APD apprehended the individual.

25 Oct 07 �– A CRJ operated by a non-pilot was given clearance to �“cross Runway 8L without delay and hold short of Runway 8R�”. The operator read back �“cross Runway 8L and hold short of Runway 8R�”. The aircraft proceeded across Runway 8L and then failed to stop short of the hold short line for Runway 8R.

12 Oct 07 �– An airport vehicle was observed by ATCT across the hold bar near Taxiway A6 and Runway 26R. The operator had been given instructions to remain clear of all runways while performing routine maintenance on the �“bird cannons�”that were located outside of the RSA. After a brief exchange with ATCT, the vehicle exited the RSA.

6 Sep 07 �– During the midnight shift, an airport vehicle was observed by ATCT entering Runway 8L from the ARFF access road. The operator was tasked with placing the lighted X on Runway 8R, which had just been closed by Airport Ops. The driver entered the incorrect runway.

1 Sep 07 - A vehicle appeared from the Delta North Area and entered Taxiway Alpha at Alpha-3 and proceeded westbound. The vehicle then crossed Runway 8L and proceeded to Taxiway Victor. Once the vehicle reached Taxiway Victor, it turned around and proceeded to cross the approach end of Runway 8L again. The vehicle then proceeded on Taxiway Alpha back to Alpha-3 where the vehicle was stopped by Airport Operations.

Surface Incident (prior to Oct 07)

Vehicle/Pedestrian Deviation (V/PD)

KEYKEY

19 Dec 07 �– Three ARFF Strikers were responding to Taxiway Bravo 10 for a response drill. The 2nd

and 3rd Strikers to arrive proceeded to spray agent near the hold bar. While doing so, both trucks crossed over the hold bar and into the RSA of Runway 26L. Operations were not impacted.

20 Jan 08 �– A CRJ operated by a non-pilot was given clearance to �“cross Rwy 26L and hold short of Rwy 26R�”. The operator read back the hold short instructions. After crossing Rwy 26L, the operator continued across Rwy 26R without authorization from ATC. An ASA on final was sent around.

For more information, contact For more information, contact Airside Operations at 404Airside Operations at 404--530530--66206620

[email protected]@atlanta--airport.comairport.com

The FAA defines a runway incursion as:�“ Any occurrence at an aerodrome involving the incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle, or person on the protected area of a surface designated for the landing and take-off of aircraft.�”

Documents

AMA Study Guide