Alvo Altoo

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Linton University CollegeCourse: Arch XYZDate:IC No.:


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ALVAR H. AALTOO About

Alvar Henrik Aalto, born onthe 3 rd of February 1898 and died onthe 11th of May 1976 was a Finnish

architect and designer whose worksincludes architecture, furniture,wardrobe and glassware.

His career spanned from 1920 to1970 and reflects in the styles ofhis work, ranging from NordicClassicism of the early work, to arational International StyleModernism during the 1930s to amore organic modernist style fromthe 1940s onwards.


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What is typical for his entire career,however, is a concern for design as atotal work of art; whereby he togetherwith his first wife Aino Aalto would

design not just the building, but givespecial treatments to the interiorsurfaces and design furniture, lamps, andfurnishings and glassware.


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After graduating from Jyvskyl LyceumSchool, completing his basic education in 1916.In 1916 he then enrolled to study architectureat the Helsinki University of Technology Alvartoured Europe and in 1923 he returned toJyvskyl, where he opened his firstarchitectural office.


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He is sometimes regarded as among the firstand most noteworthy architects of Nordicmodernism, a closer probe of the historyshows that Aalto (while a pioneer in Finland)closely followed and had personal contactswith other pioneers in Sweden,particularlyGunnar Asplund and Sven Markelius.

LIFEWORK


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What they and many others of thatgeneration in the Nordic countries had incommon was that they started off from aclassical education and were first designing inthe so-called Nordic Classicism style a stylethat had been a reaction to the previousdominant style of National Romanticism before moving, in the late 1920s, towardsModernism.

LIFEWORK Contd


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On returning to Jyvskyl in 1923 to establishhis own architect's office, Aalto busied

himself with a number of single-family homes,all designed in the classical style, such as themanor-like house for his mother's cousinTerho Manner in Tysa in 1923, a summer villa

for the Jyvskyl chief constable in 1923 andthe Alatalo farmhouse in Tarvaala in 1924.

RETURN


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Furthermore, this was the period when Aaltowas most prolific in his writings, with articles

for professional journals and newspapers.Among his most well-known essays from thisperiod are "Urban culture" 1924), "Templebaths on Jyvskyl ridge" (1925), "Abb

Coignard's sermon" (1925), and "Fromdoorstep to living room" (1926).[7]

HIS WRITINGS


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WORKS

Fig1.0 Villa Mairea in Noormarkku
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa_Maireahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noormarkkuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noormarkkuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa_Maireahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa_Maireahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Villa_Mairea.jpg


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Fig 1. 1 Detail of Baker House facade onthe Charles River
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Baker_House,_MIT,_Cambridge,_Massachusetts.JPG


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Fig 1.3: Auditorium of the University ofTechnology, Helsinki, Finland (1949-66)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Helsinki_University_of_Technology_auditorium.jpg


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Fig 1.4: Finlandia Hall Helsinki by Alvar Aalto


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Fig 1.5: kunsten aalborg museum of modern art


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Aalto's mid career was essentially experimentswith wood and his deviation from a puristmodernism would be tested in built form withthe commission to design Villa Mairea (1939) inNoormakku (the luxury home of the youngindustrialist) couple Harry and Maire Gullichsen.

Maire Gullichsen acted as the main client, andworked with Alvar but also Aino Aalto on thedesign, inspiring them to be more daring in theirdesigns.

MID CAREER


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The original design was to include a private artgallery, but this was never built. The buildingforms a U-shape around a central inner"garden" the central feature of which is a

kidney-shaped swimming pool.


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In the advanced stage of his works, Aalto proposeda line of separate marble-clad buildings fronting thebay which would house various cultural institutions,including a concert hall,an opera,a museum of

architecture and headquarters for the FinnishAcademy.

MONUMENTALISM


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Aalto first presented the plan in 1961, but it wentthrough various modifications during the early 1960sleaving just two components of the overall schemeto be realised:1- the Finlandia Hall concert hall (1976) in front ofToolo Bay2- Main office building in the Kamppi district for the

Helsinki Electricity Company (1975).Aalto died in 1976 but his office continued to operateunder the direction of his widow, Elissa, completingworks that had neared finishing.


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Aalto's awards included the Royal Gold Medal forArchitecture from the Royal Institute of BritishArchitects (1957) and the Gold Medal from the AmericanInstitute of Architects (1963). He was elected a ForeignHonorary Member of the American Academy of Artsand Sciences in 1957. He also was a member of theAcademy of Finland, and was its president from 1963 to1968. From 1925 to 1956 he was a member of the

Congrs International d'Architecture Moderne.

**AWARDS **


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BIOGRAPHY

1898 Born in Kuortane, Finland to Johan Henrik Aalto and Selma Hackstedt.1921 Completes an architecture diploma at Helsinki University of Technology. Work experience with ArmasLindgren in Helsinki and Arvid Berjke in Gothenberg, Sweden.1923 Returns to Finland and opens the Alvar Aalto Office for Architecture and Monumental Art in Jyvskyl.1924 Marries the architect Aino Marsio. They work together on small local projects such as housing and studentclubs.1927 Wins a competition to design an agricultural cooperative in Turku and moves there with his family.1928 Starts work on the Viipuri Library, Turun Sanomat newspaper offices and the Paimio Sanaotorium.1929 Attends his first Congrs Internationaux dArchitecture Moderne (CIAM) conference. He and Aino befriend LeCorbusier, Walter Gropius, Marcel Breuer and the critic Sigfried Giedion.1933 Moves office to Helsinki. His Paimio moulded wood furniture is exhibited at Fortnum & Mason departmentstore in London.1934 Builds a new family home in a Helsinki suburb and founds the Artek furniture company with Aino and MaireGullichsen.1936 Aaltos Finnish Pavilion for the Paris International Exposition wins praise from Le Corbusier. 1937 The Savoy Restaurant opens in Helsinki with an interior and furniture designed by Aalto including the wavyglass Savoy Vase.1938 Starts work on Villa Mairea for Maire Gullichsen and her industrialist husband, Harry. Exhibition of Aaltoswork at the Museum of Modern Art, New York. Designs Finnish Pavilion for New York Worlds Fair.

1939 Travels extensively in the US and accepts a professorship at MIT until World War II forces him to return toFinland.1946 After the War, Aalto returns to MIT and designs Baker House.1952 Marries the architect Elissa Mkiniemi and builds a house for them in Muursalto. Begins work on the HelsinkiHouse of Culture.1955 Designs the Church of Three Crosses at Vuokenninska, Finland.1959 Starts working on the Helsinki City Plan and Essen Opera House, which will eventually be completed after hisdeath in 1988.1969 Designs the Iran Museum of Modern Art in Shiraz.1976 Alvar Aalto dies in Helsinki

SUMMARY OF BIOGRAPHY


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1. Malcolm Quantrill, Alvar Aalto: A Critical Study, NewAmsterdam Books, 19902. Alvar Aalto, Towards a Human Modernism, Prestel, 19993. Goran Schildt, Alvar Aalto: Masterworks, Thames & Hudson,19984. Goran Schildt, Alvar Aalto: Mature Years, Rizzoli International,19915. www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/241/Alvar-Aalto

6. www.architect.architecture.sk/alvar-aalto-architect/alvar-aalto-architect.php7. http://designmuseum.org/design/alvar-aalto

REFERENCES
http://designmuseum.org/design/alvar-aaltohttp://designmuseum.org/design/alvar-aaltohttp://designmuseum.org/design/alvar-aaltohttp://designmuseum.org/design/alvar-aaltohttp://designmuseum.org/design/alvar-aalto

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