aluminum extrusion

Introduction

This PowerPoint presentation uses information current as of June 21, 2011.

You will note that some of the key slides in the economics area are marked “Preliminary”.

Please visit the following to obtain the most up-to-date version of this and other presentations:

www.aec.org/exapps/CustomerOutreach.html

Introduction

The Aluminum Association (AA), Aluminum Extruders Council (AEC), the authors and contributors of this overview provide information and resources about aluminum products and aluminum-related technology as a service to interested parties.

Information provided by them is generally intended for users with a technical background and may be inappropriate for use by lay persons.

While the AA, AEC, authors and contributors make every effort to disseminate the most reliable and current information available, they do not warrant that the use of such information as appropriate for any particular purpose.

In all cases, users should not rely on this information without consulting original source material and/or undertaking a thorough scientific analysis.

• Introduction• Economic Advantages of Aluminum Extrusions• Advantages of Aluminum• Advantages of Aluminum Extrusions• Overview of the Extrusion Process• Corrosion Resistance• Finishing / Fabricating Aluminum Extrusions• Additional Information, Education and Training

Table of Contents

Courtesy of Light Metal Age magazine

Introduction

Introduction

• The aluminum extrusion process is incredibly versatile and capable of converting ideas to reality quickly, accurately and inexpensively

• Designers can utilize a near-net shape process to close tolerances, coupled with a list of superior physical characteristics to optimize their designs

This presentation provides both a conceptual and a practical understanding of how best to design with aluminum extrusions

Extrusion: often the most cost effective and quickest path between concept and product

Introduction

Example of Aluminum Extrusions used in the Nevada Solar One Concentrated Solar Power Plant

Aluminum extrusions are strong and efficient for creating long lasting structures, critical to our future

Photos courtesy of Hydro Aluminum

Introduction

Introduction

• Aluminum extrusions offer a long list of advantages – both those inherent in aluminum as well as those gained from the extrusion process

• Combining aluminum and the extrusion process yields results which are second-to-none regarding form, fit, function, appearance and cost, producing amazing, attractive parts and advantages

• Aluminum extrusions are green, providing strong, lightweight designs which are fully recyclable

Extrusion: often the most cost effective and quickest path between concept and product

Photo courtesy of Hydro Aluminum

Introduction

Ideas taking shape

• An idea takes shape in the designer’s mind and then takes shape as a final product

• Through the flexibility of the aluminum extrusion process, profiles can be creatively fine-tuned to specifically fit the design requirements or to be specifically branded with your details

• All thanks to the amazing versatility of aluminum extrusion

Introduction

The Shape is the Idea

• Almost any shape can be produced through aluminum extrusion

• The highly workable material can create a shape that can then be enhanced and perfected through additional machining, finishing and fabrication

2008 Transportation

Category Winner

Electric motorcycle frame

Introduction

The Shape becomes more than an end in itself

• The Shape can be designedand extruded to be more than the base for a useful product

• It can be formed to:

• Reduce piece count / provide complex integral features

• Facilitate manufacturing and assembly

• Reduce costs and lead times for materials and production

• Increase product reliability and durability

Photo courtesy of Light Metal Age magazine

• Simplify maintenance and repairs for the final user of the product

• “Build in” an attractive appearance that can make the product easier to sell

Consider the Advantages:

Photo courtesy of NASA

• From simple household appliances to exotic space and electronics applications, products made from aluminum extrusions are superior in:

– Design Flexibility– Performance– Efficiency– Reliability– Cost

Introduction

Aluminum extrusions remain the best choice for many applications

The aluminum extrusion process is flexible and has both extremely low tooling costs and short lead times, enabling efficient production of near net shape, complex integral parts – allowing exceptional reductions to part counts and subsequent fabrication and assembly

• Advancing techniques in manufacturing and assembly can extend aluminum’s use to even more applications, including those in which other materials have long been employed

• The combination of the basic properties of aluminum and its alloys, plus the infinite variety of shapes possible in the extrusion process give aluminum extrusion its many advantages over other materials and methods of forming

Introduction

Indepth IBIS Associates CSP Frame Structure Analysis

• ECONOMIC ADVANTAGES OF ALUMINUM EXTRUSIONS• Using information available in the public domain, IBIS

Associates performed an independent detailed analysis of various existing parabolic trough CSP (Concentrated Solar Power) frame designs from steel and aluminum used for utility scale solar power applications.

• The following excerpts from the IBIS analysis are extremely useful in understanding why aluminum extrusions represent such exceptional competitive advantages in both cost and performance to steel alternatives.

The IBIS slides are marked “Proprietary and Confidential – Do Not Distribute”; AEC has permission to utilize these for this presentation.

IBIS: Workplan

1.) Establish baseline designs for comparison1a.) Eurotrough, Skal-ET 150 & HelioTrough as steel baselines1b.) “Generized” Aluminum based on public data of Acciona/FPL designs

2.) Collect component, material, process

3.) Build component list and process flow diagrams

4.) Construct cost models for component production and assembly

5.) Use cost model establish cost comparisons and sensitivity analyses

6.) Validate results via external expert reviewers

Proprietary & Confidential – Please Do Not Distribute

IBIS: Steel Baseline - Eurotrough

•Consortium composed of industry partners and supported by European commission

– Collector Length: 12 meters– Aperture Width: 5.7 meters

•Skal ET is a scaled up design of the Eurotrough by Flagsol which replaced square tube sections with angles

– The solar collector assembly in this design is 150m long vs. the 100m Eurotrough


Eurotrough & Skal ET Subassemblies

Sides A & C

Sides B & D

A

B

C

D

Cantilevers (28)

Torque Box


– Collector Length: 12 meters– Aperture Width: 5.77 meters– Total Aperture Area = 69.2 m2

HelioTrough Collector Design


HelioTrough


– Collector Length: 19.1 meters– Aperture Width: 6.77 meters– Total Aperture Area = 129.3 m2

Generic Aluminum Frame 12m Baseline

– Based on Acciona /Nevada Solar One– Also installed by Florida Power & Light, but heavy duty,

hurricane strength version– Baseline distilled from patent data and known component

sizes, estimated for 8m and 12m frames• 8m scaled-up to 12m length and wider 5.77m aperture area


• Collector Length: 12 meters• Aperture Width: 5.77 meters• Total Aperture Area = 69.2 m2

Summary of Steel and Aluminum Designs

~ 18kg/m2 of aperture



~ 11 kg/m2 of aperture


AssemblyTransportationFabrication

Kit & Package

Shipping(Truck)

Cut & Machine

ExtrusionChordsStrutsAnglesNodes

Comparative Mfg & Ass’y Process Flows

Additional ComponentsTorque Plates

MirrorsReceivers

MotorsHydraulics

On-site Assembly

Cut Tubes

MechAss’yBox

MechAss’yArms

TransportFlatbed

On-site Assembly

Shipping(Truck)

Cut Tubes

WeldBox Sides

WeldArms

Zn Galv.

Kit & Package

Zn Galv.

Additional ComponentsTorque Plates

MirrorsReceivers

MotorsHydraulics

Aluminum

Steel

Pipe Mill

Hammer-forge & weld mounts

Zn Galv.

Torque Tube (Heliotrough)

Torque Box (Eurotrough, Skal-ET)


– The following cost estimates are built from the bottom up, and consider all variable and fixed elements of each of the operations required to fabricate, assemble and install Solar Thermal Parabolic Collectors.

– These are the direct manufacturing costs that would be incurred by a company that is completely integrated from raw material acquisition through to final field installation.

– There are no SG&A costs nor profit added to these estimates.

Cost Modeling Methodology


Material Market Price History


OEM purchase price includes:+ $0.10/lb steel long product premium+ $0.20/lb alloy & midwest billet surcharge



• Collector Cost Comparison in $/frame

Scenario Comparison

Aluminum Eurotrough Skal ET HelioTrough12m 12m 12 m 19m

Material $1,727 $1,430 $1,439 $1,446Fabrication $654 $258 $289 $2,225Sub-Assembly ‐‐ $517 $622 $324Galvanizing $54 $1,390 $1,082 $2,394Shipping $47 $94 $95 $281Field Assembly $246 $323 $323 $237Total $2,728 $4,012 $3,850 $6,907


NOTE: Material costs based on long term average material market prices ($1.10/lb for aluminum billet and $0.45/lb for steel based on long term average prices (for midwest extrusion billet and cold rolled tube stock)).

A later chart shows how the frame costs in aluminum and steel vary over the past 20 years.

The $’s represented are not Prices charged to customers but are estimated Costs from direct manufacturing only (they do not include overheads and profit from suppliers and contractors).

Collector Cost Summary (per sq meter)


Collector Cost Summary (per sq meter)


$0.00

$10.00

$20.00

$30.00

$40.00

$50.00

$60.00

$70.00

$/sq

met

er a

pertu

re

Projected Collector Cost over Market History

Generic Aluminum 12m

Eurotrough 12m

Skal ET 12m

HelioTrough 19m



AEC Conclusion: at no time from 1991 through 2011 would the comparative prices of steel, zinc and aluminum extrusions have resulted in a case where the cost of the modeled extruded aluminum frame would have been greater than the galvanized steel frames which were modeled.

AEC: Based on published operating results at Nevada Solar One, NREL, the SEGS fields and others, the optical efficiency and energy performance of aluminum frames is equal to or better than tested steel designs.

NOTE: The $’s represented are not Prices charged to customers but are estimated Costs from direct manufacturing only (they do not include overheads and profit from suppliers and contractors).

• Lightweight• Strong• High Strength-to-Weight Ratio• Resilient• Corrosion-Resistant• Heat Conductive• Reflective• Electrically Conducive• Non-Magnetic• Non-Sparking and Non-Combustible• Cold Strength• Fully Recyclable

Important for solar applications!

Advantages of Aluminum


Aluminum Extrusions can be produced in different alloys and processed to different tempers to achieve desired mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, machinability, formability and other attributes




LightweightOnly about one-third as heavy as iron, steel, copper or brass; thus, in applications where volume remains the same regardless of metal used, aluminum goes about three times as far as the other metals

Photo courtesy of Classic Trailers, Inc.


StrongAppropriately alloyed and treated, aluminum can be stronger than some steels, with ultimate tensile strengths as high as 80,000 psi to 90,000 psi or more.

Photo courtesy of Werner Co.

MaterialModulus (E)

(106 psi)

Mild Steel 29.0

Aluminum 10.0

Brass 13.0

Zinc 13.0

Plastics:

PS 0.51

PET 0.29

Nylon 0.42

Peek 0.56

The modulus of elasticity (E) is the relationship of how the material deforms compared to the stress that it is under.


High strength plus low weight permits substantial reductions in the weight of both parts and final products

Rendering and photo courtesy of Tesla Motors, Inc.

High Strength-to-Weight Ratio



Rendering and photo courtesy of Audi USA

High Strength-to-Weight RatioHigh strength plus low weight permits substantial reductions in the weight of both parts and final products


Excellent corrosion resistance in a wide variety of environments and contact with a myriad of substances; it develops its own inert aluminum oxide film, which is self-protective, blocking further oxidation


Corrosion Resistant


Reflective

Photo courtesy of Alcoa

Highly reflective (more than 80%) of both visible light and the invisible radiation beyond both ends of the visible spectrum


Cold StrengthAluminum’s many advantages are not impaired by exposure to cold. In fact, aluminum gains strength and ductility as temperatures are reduced, making it a preferred metal for cryogenic (low-temperature) applications.

Steel and plastics get brittle when the temperature drops…Aluminum gets stronger and tougher! Photo courtesy of NASA


Fully RecyclableAluminum is fully, and repeatedly,recyclable, able to be recycled over and over without degradationor loss of its innate characteristics

For products with a limited life (such as consumer durables and transportation products), aluminum’s recyclability coupled with its other outstanding attributes make it a superior material choice

Aluminum has significant scrap value and is particularly environmentally friendly because recycling requires only 5% of the energy necessary to produce virgin aluminum



Aluminum is fully, and repeatedly,recyclable, able to be recycled over and over without degradationor loss of its innate characteristics.

For products with a limited life (such as consumer durables and transportation products), aluminum’s recyclability coupled with its other outstanding attributes make it a superior material choice.

Aluminum has significant scrap value and is particularly environmentally friendly because recycling requires only 5% of the energy necessary to produce virgin aluminum.

Fully Recyclable


• Lightweight• Strong• High Strength-to-Weight

Ratio• Resilient• Corrosion-Resistant• Thermal Conductivity• Reflective• Electrically Conducive• Non-Magnetic• Non-Sparking• Non-Combustible• Cold Strength• Fully Recyclable



• Attractive• Suitable for a Wide Range of

Finishes• Virtually Seamless• Easy to Fabricate• Joinable by Various Methods• Suitable for Easy-assembly

Designs• Suitable for Complex, Integral

Shapes• Produced to Close Tolerances• Produced with Uniform Quality• Cost-effective• Short Production Lead Times

Advantages of Aluminum Extrusions

Photo courtesy of Werner Extruded Solutions LLC


Easy to Fabricate• Often, designing with aluminum

extrusions can eliminate many fabrication and assembly steps

• Aluminum extrusions can be made with almost any cross-sectional shape. Parts can be easily cut, machined, finished, fabricated and assembled.

Photo courtesy of Alexandria Extrusion

Joinable by Various MethodsAluminum extrusions can be joined to other aluminum products or to different materials by all major methods, including welding, soldering, brazing, screws, pins, bolts, rivets, chips, adhesives, clinching and slide-on, snap-together or interlocking joints

2004 Structural Category Winner


Suitable for Complex, Integral ShapesShapes can combine functions that would otherwise require the production and joining of several different parts.

2005 Commercial/Industrial/Consumer Winner



• Reduce the number of operations required

• Reduce the corner stress from bending

• Cosmetically more attractive

Aluminum sheet stock = 3 operations

Extrusion = 1 operation

Photos courtesy of Alexandria Extrusion Company

Using the Extrusion Process for Net Shape

Suitable for Complex, Integral Shapes


Photo courtesy of Alexandria Extrusion Company

• Significantly lower tooling cost

• Improved strength

• Improved ductility

• Improved weldability

• No porosity

• Cosmetically more attractive

• Shorter lead time

Aluminum Extrusions Replace Castings

Suitable for Complex, Integral Shapes


Suitable for Complex, Integral ShapesShapes can combine functions that would otherwise require the production and joining of several different parts


Produced to Close Tolerances


Tight tolerances are routine and the ability of aluminum extruders to meet even more critical dimensions is keeping pace with advances in technology.

Photo courtesy of Almag

Produced with Uniform Quality


This reliability reduces customer costs by minimizing rejections rate, corrective fabrication and production slowdown – particularly important to the manufacturer who depends upon just-in-time (JIT) delivery

Photo courtesy of Werner Extruded Solutions LLC

Cost-effective


The boundless diversity of shapes permitted by the extrusion process cuts down or eliminates many machining as well as joining operations. Also, the tools required for aluminum extruding, such as dies and related items are relatively inexpensive.

ProcessTypical Tooling

Cost ($)

Vinyl Extrusion $1,500 and up

Injection Molding $25,000 and up

Die Castings $25,000 and up

Roll Forming $30,000 and up

Stampings $5,000 and up

Aluminum Extrusions $500 to $5,000

Short production lead times


05

1015

20

Aluminu

m Extrus

ionViny

l Extr

usion

Stampin

gsPow

der M

etal

Roll Form

Castin

gsInj

ectio

n Mold

Lead Time in Weeks

Examples of Value Added Operations


Finishing• Painting (wet and powder)• Polish, bright dip & anodize• Mechanical finishes• Silk screening

Fabrication• Sawing• Punching / piercing / drilling• Machining• Bending• Welding• Milling• Tumbling


The Possibilities are Boundless, Limited only by the Imagination


The extrusion pictured is a theoretical shape created to illustrate some of the range of possibilities provided by aluminum extrusions


How can YOU use this flexibility to:• Spark your imagination?• Create new product concepts?• Develop improved manufacturing efficiencies?



Overview of the Extrusion Process

The Aluminum Extrusion Profile

Photo courtesy of SAPA

Extruded Product Flow




The Extrusion Process



Photo courtesy of Nancy Molenda/AEC


How are Hollow ShapesExtruded?

Tooling


Photo courtesy of Werner Extrusion Solutions LLC

• Hollow Dies

• Solid Dies

• Multiple Hole Dies

Some Limitations


Photo courtesy of Werner Extrusion Solutions LLC

• Circle SizeThe circumscribing circle that the profile could fit through

- Larger circle sized shapes needlarger tooling and equipment(less available and more expensive)

• Wt / ft- Too heavy? Too light?

• Shape Constraints- High tongue ratios- Somewhat balanced wall

thicknesses- Other


Some LimitationsCircumscribed Circle Size in inches

Corresponding Profile weight

(lbs/ft)Cross Section Area in sq

inches <1 1 to 7 7 to 10 10 to 14 >14 Min Max<0.050 L x x x x - 0.06

0.050 to 0.100 G G L x x 0.06 0.12 0.100 to 1.0 W W L x x 0.12 1.18 1.0 to 2.5 x W W L x 1.18 2.94 2.5 to 10 x W W G L 2.94 11.76

>10 x x W G L 11.76 -

x Not available

L Limited Availability

G Generally Available

W Widely AvailableNOTE:

There are many presses available with up to 7" diameter containersThere are fewer presses available with 7" to 10" diameter containersThere are even fewer presses available with 10" to 14" diameter containersThere are very few presses available with greater than 14" diameter containers

Difficult Tongue Ratio


Photo courtesy of Hydro Aluminum and Werner Extrusion Solutions LLC

Examples of Aluminum Extrusions


Photos courtesy of Hydro Aluminum and Werner Extrusion Solutions LLC

Aluminum components are often utilized due to the inherent corrosion resistance of the material.

Although aluminum is a chemically-active metal, its behavior is stabilized by the formation of a protective oxide film on the surface.

Generally, this film is stable in aqueous solutions with pH 4.5-8.5. Further considerations need to be made if the pH exceeds these limits or if the environment contains chloride.

Corrosion Prevention Strategies for Aluminum Solar FramesThe following variables should be addressed in the project design stage to prevent and/or minimize corrosion:

•Fastener material choice•Method of isolating aluminum from concrete when anchoring•Alloy choice•General design recommendations

While aluminum does not “rust”, it issubject to corrosion, although corrosion is insignificant in fresh, unpolluted air.

Corrosion Resistance





Galvanic corrosionoccurs when two metallic materials are in contact in the presence of an electrolyte forming a galvanic cell.

Most types of aluminum corrosion are the result of some kind of galvanic coupling with a dissimilar material.

The least noble material (the anode) preferentially corrodes while the more noble material (cathode) is protected. Since aluminum is more anodic than most commonly used construction materials, with the exception of zinc, magnesium and cadmium, this can be a serious form of corrosion with aluminum.

Understanding the types of corrosion which affect aluminum

Coupling aluminum with a more noble material can seriously deteriorate the protective effect from the oxide layer. This is especially dangerous in atmospheres or water with high concentrations of chlorides or other aggressive corrosives.

Courtesy of Hydro Aluminum


Galvanic corrosioncan be avoided or minimized by taking the following actions:

Avoid using materials with large galvanic potential differences in a particular environment (stainless steel not included). If that is not practical, different materials have to be properly electrically insulated. It is very important to use insulation material of proper electrical resistance and to avoid metallic contact in the entire construction. This can be checked with resistance measurement instruments such as a multimeter.


Aluminum may also be protected by means of sacrificial anodes.The most cathodic material can be surface treated with a metalliccoating (Al/Zn), organic coating (lacquer, paint, plastic, rubber) or a special coating for screws and bolts. Surface treatment has to be carried out correctly and not done only on the anodic material. As a consequence, a defect in the surface coating may generate a very unfavorable cathode/anode ratio (a big cathode area in relation to a small anode area gives considerable corrosion).


Galvanic corrosionin combination with crevice corrosion may be especially damaging.

Avoid entrapment of liquids in crevices between materials of various galvanic potentials.


Also avoid the transfer of ions of galvanic materials on aluminum surfaces.For instance, droplets from a copper tube on an aluminum surface will generate precipitation of copper metal. The result is corrosion of aluminum (deposition corrosion). The next step will be microgalvanic corrosion between aluminum and the copper particles in the aluminum surface. Severe pitting may occur within a few weeks.


Courtesy of Hydro Aluminum

Corrosion resistance in different environments

The atmosphereCorrosion is insignificant in fresh, unpolluted air. Aluminum does notcorrode where there are high levels of sulphur dioxide but can, undercertain circumstances, become dark or matte in appearance.

WaterPitting can occur in stagnant water. The composition of the water is theimportant factor as the presence of copper, calcium, chloride andbicarbonate ions increase the risk significantly. This can be prevented byregular cleaning and drying.

SeawaterAlloys containing silicon, magnesium and manganese show good resistance to corrosion in seawater. Copper alloys, on the other hand, should be avoided.


Corrosion resistance in different environments

SoilThe resistance to corrosion is, to a great degree, dependent on themoisture in the soil and its pH level. Aluminum surfaces which may come into contact with soil are best treated with a thick layer of bitumen or a powder coating.

AcidsThe majority of inorganic acids have a very corrosive effect on aluminum, except nitric acid. High temperature, high acid concentrations and high levels of impurities in the aluminum increase the rate of corrosion significantly.

.

AlkalisStrong alkalis are very corrosive. Sodium hydroxide reacts violently with aluminum. The rate of corrosion can be reduced in environments where the pH is between 9 and 11 by using silicates. Wet cement has a high pH and therefore corrodes aluminum alloys.Organic compoundsAluminum is highly resistant to the majority of organic compounds. Corrosion can occur, however, with certain anhydrous liquids.Other materialsIn practice, the corrosion problem caused by contact with other materials is, for the most part, small. The natural oxide layer usually provides sufficient protection.

For More Information

This PowerPoint presentation uses information current as of June 21, 2011.

You will note that some of the key slides in the economics area are marked “Preliminary”.

Please visit the following to obtain the most up-to-date version of this and other presentations:

www.aec.org/exapps/CustomerOutreach.html

• Purchase the Aluminum Design Manual 2010 editionfrom the Aluminum Association (aluminum.org)

• Utilize ASCE Aluminum Design Manual training

• A 9.75 hour seminar on designing aluminum structures is offered in these formats:

– An On-line version: go to www.asce.org/distancelearning; click on “View a complete list of ASCE courses”, scroll down alphabetically to “Designing Aluminum Structures”

– A live version at various times and locations: go to www.asce.org/continuingeducation; click on “Structural”, scroll down to “Aluminum Structural Design with the 2010 Aluminum Design Manual”

– Or, to arrange to have the seminar conducted at your site, contact John Wyrick at ASCE at 800-548-2723 or [email protected]

• Utilize other resources from our contributors, other qualified extruders and structural engineers

• Utilize the Aluminum Extruders Council website and otherresources (aec.org) for webinars or other key information

For More Information and Training

Aluminum Extruders CouncilAluminum Extruders Council OverviewThe Aluminum Extruders Council (AEC), based in suburban Chicago, is an association dedicated to helping manufacturers, engineers, architects, and others to discover why aluminum extrusion is the preferred metal-forming process for optimal product solutions. Aluminum extrusions touch lives in so many ways-from office chairs and cubical partitions to bicycles and scooters, from the latest in aluminum space-frame technology in today’s lighter cars and trucks to frames and components for green technology such as solar power and LED lighting. The majority of North American extruders are members representing hundreds of plants and countless extrusion presses producing the highest quality products and value-added services. Specialized conferences, seminars, workshops, and meetings throughout the year provide an outlet where members can confront and solve today’s challenges and network with peers and suppliers. As an advocate representing the aluminum extrusion industry, AEC also provides expertise in outreach and advocacy to appropriate governmental agencies and industry code bodies.

Aluminum Extruders Council Mission

• Provide opportunities to network with peers and suppliers, address common internal and external issues, share data, train and sponsor research

• Work together to enable members to function more efficiently, cost effectively, and knowledgeably

• Enhance the growth of the industry by promoting the advantages of aluminum extrusion processes and product applications

Aluminum Association

Aluminum Association OverviewThe Aluminum Association, based in Arlington, Virginia, works globally to aggressively promote aluminum as the most sustainable and recyclable automotive, packaging and construction material in today’s market. The Association represents U.S. and foreign-based primary producers of aluminum, aluminum recyclers and producers of fabricated products, as well as industry suppliers. The Association provides leadership to the industry through its programs and services and assists in achieving the industry's environmental, societal, and economic objectives. Member companies operate more than 200 plants in the United States, with many conducting business worldwide.

Aluminum Association MissionThe Aluminum Association will provide value to its membership through its leadership and services in aggressively promoting the growth of the aluminum industry globally by:

• Continuously strengthening aluminum's position versus competitive materials• Developing, maintaining and promoting global standards that achieve customer

requirements for aluminum product applications• Representing the interests of its membership to the U.S. and international governments• Providing research and education to actively address community and employee

environmental, health and safety issues• Gathering and presenting data, statistics, and other information about the aluminum

industry in an accurate and timely manner• And by...leveraging industry strength by establishing stronger domestic and global

alliances

Thanks to All of Our Contributors

Thanks to All of Our Contributors

SAPA AluminumJeff Henderson9600 West Bryn Mawr Ave.,Suite 250Rosemont, IL 60018318-303-2661 (Office) [email protected]

Hydro AluminumLynn Brown999 Corporate BlvdLinthcium, MD 21090410-487-8057 (Office)[email protected]

Kaiser AluminumDoug Richman24255 Thirteen Mile Rd. Suite 290Bingham Farms, MI [email protected]

The Aluminum AssociationMike Skillingberg1525 Wilson Blvd.Arlington, VA 22209703-358-2988 (Office) [email protected]

Light Metal AgeAnn Marie Fellom170 S. Spruce St. Suite 120S. San Francisco, CA 94080650-588-8832 (Office) [email protected]

Aluminum Extruders CouncilRand Baldwin1000 N. Rand Rd. Suite 214Wauconda, IL 60084847-526-2010 (Office))[email protected]

Werner Extrusion Solutions LLCCraig Werner100 N. Field Dr. Suite 145Lake Forest, IL 60045847-582-1160 (Office) 847-910-0607 (Cell)[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

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