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ALTERNATIVE WATER
INSTALLATION GUIDELINES
& DROUGHT CRISIS UPDATE
20 March 2018
Thanks to these partners
for their support
PROGRAMME OUTLINE
WELCOME – Nokuzola Mhlungu from Water & Sanitation Dept, CCT
DROUGHT CRISIS UPDATE – Carlo Vizzi from Enterprise & Investment, CCT
CITY’S ATERNATIVE WATER GUIDELINES - Sarah Rushmere from CCT
DISCUSSION AND Q & A SESSION– details of the guidelines, regulations and requirements
WRAP UP & CLOSURE
NOKUZOLA MHLUNGU City of Cape Town
Water & Sanitation Department
CARLO VIZZICity of Cape Town
Enterprise & Investment
BETWEEN 2010 AND 2015,
130 MEGACITIES WERE HIT BY
DROUGHT DISASTERS
Source: Institute of Water Policy at Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, Singapore
2017
2013
ANNUAL MAJOR DAM LEVELSAll figures are for 25 September for each year
?
WATER CONSUMPTION 2016/17
Formal homes use 65% of Cape Town’s water.
Water Dashboard on City’s website – updated weekly
WHAT FORWARD LOOKING UTILTIIES ARE DOING
• Diversification of supply mix (water source portfolio)
– Desalination – 25%
– Water Reuse – 25 %
– Groundwater Extraction – 25%
– Surface/Dam Water – 25%
• Recharge of aquifers & reservoirs by reclaimed and
desalinated water in wet years
• Maximise use of aquifers during dry years
0
50
100
150
200
250
Jan-
18
Feb
-18
Mar
-18
Apr
-18
May
-18
Jun-
18
Jul-1
8
Aug
-18
Sep
-18
Oct
-18
Nov
-18
Dec
-18
Jan-
19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Apr
-19
May
-19
Jun-
19
Jul-1
9
Aug
-19
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
Nov
-19
Dec
-19
ML
D
PROVISIONAL 2 YEAR AUGMENTATION PLAN
Temporary transfers
Ground Water Abstraction (TMG)
Ground Water Abstraction (sandy)
Permanent desalination
Emergency desalination
Water Reclamation
Springs
UNDER REVISION
SHORT TERM NEW WATER PROGRAMME - TBC
SCENARIOS Showing factors of rainfall, City’s additional new
supply and our water consumption.
From 2018 Outlook document on City’s website. Updated regularly
If we can get to 450m litres per day
and stay there. Living the 50-litre life.
Graph 2: 100% Winter 2017 Rainfall | 80% Augmentation| Max
Evaporation
Implementation of
Phase 2 of CCT
Disaster Plan (13.5%)
Water difficult to abstract from dams (10%)
Graph 3: 85% Winter 2017 Rainfall | 80% Augmentation | Max
Evaporation
Implementation of
Phase 2 of CCT
Disaster Plan (13.5%)
Water difficult to abstract from dams (10%)
DEMAND MANAGEMENT
• Water restrictions & punitive tariffs: Level 6b, target of 450 MLD, with
maximum of 50 litres pp/day. Business to reduce by 45%
• Water conservation
– Leak management: response times & repair, including repair for
indigent households
– Pipe replacement
• District metering and zoning
• Pressure reduction
• Water Management Devices and meter management
• Education, awareness and behaviour change
• Communication campaigns
Awarded C40 Award for
Adaptation in 2015 for Water
Conservation and Demand
Management
WATER AND SANITATION TARIFFS – 1 FEBRUARY 2018
Residential Water Tariffs (Domestic Full and Domestic Cluster)
Water Steps (1kl = 1 000 litres) Level 4 (2017/18) Until 31/1/2018 Rands (incl VAT)
Level 6 (2017/18) From 1/2/2018 Rands (incl VAT)
Step 1 (>0 ≤ 6kl) R4, 56 (free for indigent households)
R29, 93 (free for indigent households)
Step 2 (>6 ≤ 10.5kl) R17, 75 R52, 44 (R 17, 75 for indigent households)
Step 3 (>10.5 ≤ 20kl) R25, 97 R114
Step 4 (>20 ≤ 35kl) R43, 69 R342
Step 5 (>35 ≤ 50kl) R113, 99 R912
Step 6 (>50kl) R302, 24 R912
*Sanitation charged to a maximum of 35kl
Domestic Full = Stand-alone houses Domestic Cluster = Flats, sectional title units, cluster developments and gated villages
WATER AND SANITATION TARIFFS – 1 FEBRUARY 2018
Residential Sanitation Tariffs (Domestic Full and Domestic Cluster)
Water Steps (1kl = 1 000 litres) Level 4 (2017/18) Until 31/1/2018 Rands (incl VAT)
Level 6 (2017/18) From 1/2/2018 Rands (incl VAT)
Step 1 (>0 ≤ 4,2 kl) R4, 39 (free for indigent households)
R 25, 65 (free for indigent households)
Step 2 (>4.2 ≤ 7.3 kl) R14, 98 R44, 46 (R14, 98 for indigent households)
Step 3 (>7.35 ≤ 14 kl) R30, 31 R98, 04
Step 4 (>14 ≤ 24.5 kl) R49, 04 R119, 70
Step 5 (>24.5 ≤ 35 kl) R59, 30 R119, 70
*Sanitation charged to a maximum of 35kl
Domestic Full = Stand-alone houses Domestic Cluster = Flats, sectional title units, cluster developments and gated villages
WATER AND SANITATION TARIFFS – 1 FEBRUARY 2018
Commercial / Industrial Tariffs
Water Steps (1kl = 1 000 litres) Level 4 (2017/18) Until 31/1/2018 Rands (incl VAT)
Level 6 (2017/18) From 1/2/2018 Rands (incl VAT)
Water R27, 97 R57
Sanitation (standard) R21, 50 R44, 18
*Sanitation charged to a maximum of 35kl
Domestic Full = Stand-alone houses Domestic Cluster = Flats, sectional title units, cluster developments and gated villages
HOUSEHOLD WATER USAGE GUIDE
APPLY FOR AN INCREASE IN YOUR MONTHLY WATER QUOTA
If there are more than four persons living full-time in a household or on a property,
an application needs to be made to the City to have the monthly water quota
increases accordingly. Households that exceed limits prescribed by Level 6b
water restrictions, will be fined and have WMD (Water Management Devices)
fitted at their cost.
• Submit your application online at www.capetown.gov.za/servicerequests
• Full guide and step-by-step instructions available on website.
Apply for exemptions on City’s website
TREATED EFFLUENT RE-USE FOR LARGE USERS
• Treated wastewater from treatment plants
• Cost is R5.30/kl compared to R57/kl.
• 75 million litres per day supplied through
permanent pipeline connections
• 10 million litres from collection points
• Untreated for toilet flushing, irrigation, fire
systems and other operational uses. Can be
treated onsite to required quality.
• Email [email protected]
• So far mostly for
– Industries & commercial operations
– City Parks & Departments
– Golf courses
– School irrigation
– Farmers
TREATED EFFLUENT RE-USE FOR LARGE USERS
Businesses can
collect at
designated
collection points or
can connect to
existing treated
effluent reticulation.
RESOURCES
Available from www.capetown.gov.za/thinkwater
Resources include:• Posters & videos• Print ready material
• 50 litre life• Water saving checklist• How to safely use greywater• How to find and fix leaks• Permission cubicle for toilets• Water management device and water rationing leaflets
• Extensive FAQs: How City manages leaks, Day Zero disaster plans
• Guides: e.g. installation of alternative water systems
• Day Zero Dashboard www.capetown.gov.za/dayzerodashboard• Dam Levels www.capetown.gov.za/damlevels
• Cape Town Water Map www.capetown.gov.za/watermap
Resource packs are updated as new material is being made available.
PARTNER RESOURCES
• GreenCape drought support service, website with useful
case studies & resources. Contact Jane Reddick –
• Green Building Council SA water & energy
benchmarking tool for offices
• Supplier database for water saving & alternative water
technologies and services on Western Cape
Government’s 110% Green webpage
• WWF’s business campaign and Wednesday Water Files.
www.wwf.org.za
• National Cleaner Production Centre for free industrial
water efficiency audits Contact Andre Page -
[email protected] http://ncpc.co.za
If we can get to 450m litres per day
and stay there. Living the 50-litre life.
resilience • the capacity to recover quickly from difficulties; toughness.
• the ability of a substance or object to spring back into
shape; elasticity.
Oxford dictionary definition
SARAH RUSHMERE City of Cape Town
Water & Sanitation Dept
City’s position on installation
of alternative water systems.
November 2017
Alternative water for the ‘new normal’
• City promoting alternative water for operational uses - but only if done responsibly to avoid health risks, contamination of drinking water supply and
environmental damage.
1. Rainwater
2. Groundwater : boreholes, wellpoints and springs
3. Greywater
4. Treated effluent from City, and own treatment on site
5. Surface water: rivers and streams on the property
Stormwater will come in ‘new build’ guidelines, and ocean water not
included yet
Installation guidelines
• For installations of systems with plumbing, not ‘bucketing’
• For homes & businesses, but not for complex industrial systems
• Fairly wide stakeholder inputs so far.
• Consistent with legislation and current Water Bylaw which is to be updated soon. So position may be updated, but key principles will remain.
• Full guideline document available soon. Will cover:
– Alternative water explanations and legislation overview
– Appropriate uses, quality and treatment
– Installation to prevent contamination – with illustrations
– Application, registration and/or licensing requirements
– Signage
– What to look for in an installer
– Checklists for pre-installation, installation & post-installation for each type
KEY PRINCIPLES FOR ALTERNATIVE WATER
1. Quality required for different uses – as per 1996 national guidelines
2. Imperative to prevent potentially dangerous alternative water from
contaminating drinking water system on the premises and for surrounding area. Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) valve back-flow preventers mandatory.
3. Quality required for different uses – as per 1996 national guidelines. See matrix.
4. Discharge to correct place – overflow to stormwater or to sewer if harmful chemicals or substances
5. Colour code the pipes
6. ‘Do not drink’ signage
SOURCES OF WATER: RAINWATER GROUNDWATER
SURFACE WATER
GREYWATER
TREATED EFFLUENT
TEST FIRST, AND TREAT ACCORDING TO USE
USES OF WATER:Plant bed irrigation (subsurface)
4 4 4
Fire fighting 3 (Categories 3 & 4)
3 (Categories 3 & 4)
3 (Categories 3 & 4)
Vehicle cleaning 3 3 3
Food garden (subsurface) & lawn irrigation
4 4 4
Outdoor hard surface cleaning
3 (Category 4) 3 (Category 4) 3 (Category 4)
Swimming pools* SANS 241* SANS 241* SANS 241*
HVAC 3 (All 4 categories) 3 3
Toilet flushing** ** ** **
Fish ponds 1 1 1
Indoor surface and kitchen cleaning
1 1 1
Laundry washing 1 1 1
Cooking & food preparation 1 1 1
Body washing (ablution) 1 1 1
Drinking SANS 241 SANS 241 SANS 241
Water features (no contact) 1 1 1
Water features (e.g. splash parks)**
SANS 241 SANS 214 SANS 241
KEY/ EXPLANATION
COLOUR CODE RISK OF USEWATER QUALITY REQUIRED FOR INTENDED USE
TESTING AND TREATMENT REQUIRED, FOR INTENDED PURPOSES
USE WITH DISCRETION
Low, negligible riskNo direct human contact with water
Low No testing or treatment required. Use with discretion.
TEST QUALITY AND TREAT FOR USE/S
Moderate riskSome human contact with water
Moderate Test water quality Check results against national guidelines for intended
use. Treat if required. For this low risk category, treatment may be unlikely.
TEST QUALITY AND TREAT FOR USE/S
Medium risk Greater human contact
Medium Test water quality Check results against national guidelines for intended
use. Treat as required. For this risk category, treatment is likely.
TEST QUALITY AND TREAT FOR USE/S
Very high riskHigh levels of contact and human ingestion
High Test water quality Check results against national guidelines for intended
use. Treat as required. For this high risk category, high level of treatment is
essential. Regular quality testing necessary to determine ongoing
water quality and suitability for use. Filtering and or treatment will be necessary.
No alternative water sources permitted for these uses – as per City’s Water Bylaw. Unless by contract as a Water Service Intermediary
N/A N/A
Application, registration and licencing
ALTERNATIVEWATER TYPE
FROM NATIONAL DWS FROM CITY OF CAPE TOWN
Rainwater No licencing. Approval for installation
Groundwater Licencing – General Authorisation or Water Use Licence
Approval for drilling, and register the source, and get approval for installation
Surface water Licencing – General Authorisation or Water Use Licence
Approval for installation
Greywater No licencing. Approval for installation
Treated effluent –own treatment
Licencing required. Approval for installation
Treated effluent –from City
N/A for consumers buying from City
Approval for installation
RPZ valve back-flow preventer
• Specifications & functionality outlined in SANS 1808-15. If products approved according to this standard are not easily available locally, the City will also
accept international standards for RPZs from organisations such as the
German Institute of Standardization (Deutche Insitut vur Normung– DIN) or the
American Water Works Association (AWWA). Locally available RPZ models
include the products manufactured by ARI and Caleffi.
• Local suppliers so far:
– Equilibrium Water, importing Caleffi range (www.equilibrium-water.com)
– Ultra control valves (www.ultravalves.co.za)
– Wholesale plumbing supply in Mphumalanga
(www.wholesaleplumbingsupply.co.za)
• City has approached these specialist retailers: Plumblink, Incledon, CP&B, OnTap, Brights, Buco, Build It and Builders Warehouse.
NOTE: City of Cape Town does not endorse any particular product or
service provider and cannot be held liable for any non-performance.
Colour codes
• Greywater = lilac, Pantone 522 colour code
• Groundwater = dark green with two grey stripes
• Rainwater = no specific colour, but labelling recommended.
• Treated effluent = orange
• And with reference to SANS 10140-3: 2003, Edition 3 for identification colour
Signage for main thoroughfare and point of use
Appropriate signage as per SANS 1186-1:2008
1. Municipal drinking water supply into property fitted with a Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) valve back-flow preventer. Currently not mandatory for systems where there is no connection between the alternative water and municipal drinking water supply. But strongly recommended best practice, as many want to plumb it into the building for indoor use in future and possible contamination to be avoided.
2. Greywater sources connected to storage tank. The inclusion of greywater sources A, B and/or C depends on irrigation needs.
3. Collection and treatment of greywater in storage tank. Tank installation must comply with national building regulations, SANS 2001-CC2 and manufacturer’s specifications. Greywater water must be used within 24 hours. Ensure empty storage tank when going away for longer than 24 hours.
4. Any underground tank installation must be at least 1m away from the boundary wall and comply with national building regulations.
5. Filtered greywater for drip/subsurface irrigation, under a thick layer of mulch.Not sprayed for health reasons and to reduce evaporation.
6. Storage tank overflow to sewer.
7. Official signage weather proofed, to be placed in main thoroughfare e.g. at entrance and at points of use to warn people not to drink this water.
GREYWATER SYSTEM FOR IRRIGATION
1. Municipal drinking water supply into property fitted with a Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) valve back-flow preventer. (Mandatory).
2. Municipal water supply to cistern must be disconnected.
3. Collection, settlement and filtration of greywater in storage tank/s. All tank installations must comply with national building regulations, SANS 2001-CC2 and manufacturer’s specifications. Greywater water must be used within 24 hours. Ensure empty storage tank when going away for longer than 24 hours.
4. Any underground tank installation must be at least 1m away from the boundary wall and comply with national building regulations.
5. Screen-filtered greywater for drip/subsurface irrigation, under a thick layer of mulch. Not sprayed for health reasons and to reduce evaporation.
6. Collection, disinfection and distribution of greywater in second part of the storage tank.
7. Filtered and disinfected greywater for toilet flushing, using an in-line chlorinator(or other equivalent).
8. Storage tank overflow to sewer.
9. Official signage weather proofed, to be placed in main thoroughfare e.g. at entrance and at points of use to warn people not to drink this water.
GREYWATER SYSTEM FOR IRRIGATION AND TOILET FLUSHING
RAINWATER SYSTEMFOR OUTDOOR USE
1. Municipal drinking water supply into property fitted with a Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) valve back-flow preventer. Currently not mandatory for systems where there is no connection between the alternative water and municipal drinking water supply. But strongly recommended best practice, as many want to plumb it into the building for indoor use in future and possible contamination to be avoided.
2. Rainwater channeled to storage tank via gutters.
3. Debris diverted by sloped screen.
4. Rainwater for topping up pool or other outdoor use, directly from gutters using gravity feed, via e.g. flexible plastic sleeve. (This is one option, and from a tank is another option).
5. Collection of rainwater in storage tank. Installation of tanks can be below or above ground, but must comply with national building regulations, SANS 10252-1:2012 and SANS 2001-CC2 and manufacturer’s specifications. Any underground tank installation must also be at least 1m away from the boundary wall.
6. Storage tank overflow to stormwater. If rainwater is treated with any chemicals then the overflow must be discharged to the sewer.
7. Rainwater for drip/subsurface irrigation, under a thick layer of mulch, vehicle washing and/or hard surface cleaning.
8. Rainwater for topping up pool. Pool cover as per requirements of water restrictions.
9. Official signage weather proofed, to be placed in main thoroughfare e.g. at entrance and at points of use to warn people not to drink this water.
10. This water is not for drinking, cooking or ablution. Preferably, make it a ‘demand’ tap so that nobody drinks from it or wastes water from it.
RAINWATER SYSTEM FOROUTDOOR AND INDOOR USE
1. Municipal drinking water supply into property fitted with a Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) valve back-flow preventer. (Mandatory).
2. Rainwater channeled to storage tank via gutters.
3. Debris diverted by sloped screen.
4. Rainwater for topping up pool or other outdoor use, directly from gutters using gravity feed, via e.g. flexible plastic sleeve.
5. Collection of rainwater in storage tank. Installation of tanks can be below or above ground, but must comply with national building regulations, SANS 10252-1:2012 and SANS 2001-CC2 and manufacturer’s specifications. Any underground tank installation must also be at least 1m away from the boundary wall.
6. Storage tank overflow to stormwater. If rainwater is treated with any chemicals then the overflow must be discharged to the sewer.
7. Rainwater for drip/subsurface irrigation under a thick layer of mulch, vehicle washing and/or hard surface cleaning.
8. Rainwater for topping up pool. Pool cover as per requirements of water restrictions.
9. Rainwater for toilet flushing.
10. Official signage weather proofed, to be placed in main thoroughfare e.g. at entrance and at points of use to warn people not to drink this water.
11. Municipal water supply to cistern must be disconnected when rainwater is used. This may be seasonally disconnected over winter rainfall months, or permanently if there is sufficient storage.
12. This water is not for drinking, cooking or ablution. Preferably, make it a ‘demand’ tap so that nobody drinks from it or wastes water from it.
GROUNDWATER SYSTEM FOR OUTDOOR AND INDOOR USE
1. Municipal drinking water supply into property fitted with a Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) valve back-flow preventer. (Mandatory).
2. Groundwater sources (wellpoint, borehole or spring water) connected to storage tank.
3. Collection and treatment (if testing indicates it is required) of groundwater in storage tank. Installation of tanks can be below or above ground, but must comply with national building regulations, SANS 2001-CC2 and manufacturer’s specifications. Any underground tank installation must also be at least 1m away from the boundary wall.
4. Storage tank overflow to stormwater or a garden for aquifer recharge if not treated. If treated with chemicals, the overflow must discharge to sewer.
5. Groundwater for drip/subsurface irrigation under a thick layer of mulch (not sprayed for health reasons and to reduce evaporation), vehicle washing and/or hard surface cleaning.
6. Groundwater for topping up pool. Pool cover as per requirements of water restrictions.
7. Groundwater for toilet flushing.
8. Municipal water supply to cistern must be disconnected.
9. Official signage weather proofed, to be placed in main thoroughfare e.g. at entrance and at points of use to warn people not to drink this water.
10. Borehole water meter to be installed by owner as per water by-law.
11. This water is not for drinking, cooking or ablution. Preferably, make it a ‘demand’ tap so that nobody drinks from it or wastes water from it.
PLEASE DO USE – BUT RESPONSIBLY
Under current Water Bylaw & legislation:
• Alternative water systems subject to City approval, and groundwater and surface water subject to national Dept of Water & Sanitation licensing.
• No alternative water for drinking, cooking and body washing (ablution). Due to health risks and City’s statutory responsibility for providing drinking quality water.
• No full ‘off-grid’ for water for homes and smaller businesses. Risks & monitoring/ enforcement costs too high to allow.
• Some ‘off-grid’ for large consumers such as large residential developments and businesses which contract with the City as Water Service Intermediary, and can
show reliable treatment and monitoring system, and backflow-prevention.
Alternative water use entirely at risk of consumer, City not liable.
City approval & inspection
• Current groundwater and treated effluent applications systems stay ‘as is’ for
now. Apply to [email protected] and
[email protected] respectively.
• Greywater & rainwater applications: download ‘Alternative Water System
Application Form’ from City’s website, see http://cct.gov.za/bC2nV Email with
attachments to [email protected]
• Plumbing Certificate of Approval to be compulsory.
• City started engagement with plumbing industry associations IOPSA and PIRB,
and they’re pioneering training programmes now.
CITY WEBSITE USEFUL LINKS SHORT URL
Water By-law (2010) http://cct.gov.za/xAjse
Alternative water sources for your organisation http://cct.gov.za/INIBT
Apply to sink a borehole or wellpoint http://cct.gov.za/99C1r
Register a borehole or wellpoint http://cct.gov.za/juF60
Apply to install and use an alternative water
system
http://cct.gov.za/99C1r
Apply for supply of treated effluent http://cct.gov.za/iNPx2
Water saving toolkits- water saving posters,
guides and materials to download
http://cct.gov.za/iwC7P
ENKOSI DANKIE THANK YOU
PANEL DISCUSSION
• Nokuzola Mhlungu
• Dylan Furst
• Adli Salie
• Shaun Laisai
ENKOSI DANKIE THANK YOU